Tidal Mixing and Summer Plankton Distributions in Hecate Strait, British Columbia

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ian Perry ◽  
Bruce R. Dilke ◽  
Timothy R. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Frontal Zone ◽  
Tidal Mixing ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Oil Tanker

Summer plankton distributions in Hecate Strait, northern British Columbia, were examined during 1979 and 1980 and compared with tidal mixing characteristics. Calculations of the Simpson–Hunter tidal stratification parameter (h∙U−3) indicate that most of Hecate Strait is potentially stratified in summer (in the absence of excessive storms), with a well-mixed region over the shallow shelf adjacent to the Queen Charlotte Islands. Vertical temperature profiles collected from a coastal oil tanker ship of opportunity confirmed the presence of mixed and stratified water masses as predicted. Near-surface concentrations of chlorophyll a, nutrients, diatoms, and copepods were lower in the mixed region (< 1 μg Chl. a∙L−1) than the statified region, but highest (5 μg Chl. a∙L−1) at the front between these mixing regimes. We believe that low phytoplankton biomass in western mixed waters is due to nutrient rather than light limitation, whereas possible advection of nutrients along the edge of the western shelf may support the higher biomass of the frontal region. Such a frontal zone is likely important to groundfish production in this region.

Late-summer distribution of phytoplankton in relation to water mass characteristics in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait (Canada)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1937-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Harvey ◽  
J -C Therriault ◽  
N Simard
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Tidal Mixing ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Chl A

Descriptive and multivariate analytical methods were used to analyze the early September (1993) abundance and species composition of phytoplankton in relation to water mass characteristics in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. Four groups of stations distributed along well-defined environmental gradients characterizing the distribution of physical and chemical variables were identified. The first group, located in the most southern region of Hudson Bay, was strongly influenced by freshwater runoffs from James Bay and from the other major rivers around the bay and was characterized by a relatively high phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a (Chl a) > 1.0 µg ·L-1) in the near-surface waters and by a phytoplankton assemblage equally dominated by small flagellates and dinoflagellates. The second group, located in an area northwest of the Belcher and Sleeper islands, was characterized by relatively well-mixed conditions where small diatoms composed about 50% of the phytoplankton assemblage. The third group occupied the upper part of the bay and the entrance of the strait and was characterized by the lowest surface nutrient concentrations encountered. A clear subsurface chlorophyll maximum dominated by small flagellates (>55% of the assemblage) was observed in this region. The fourth group was located in the central part of the strait where the highest surface nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass values (Chl a > 2.0 µg ·L-1) were observed. The phytoplankton assemblage there was clearly dominated by small diatoms (>80%). These conditions are related to the presence of more intense tidal mixing in this region. The phytoplankton standing crop within this area was comparable with that observed during an autumn bloom situation in most temperate regions of the world's ocean.

Thermomechanical Coupling of a Hyper-viscoelastic Truck Tire and a Pavement Layer and its Impact on Three-dimensional Contact Stresses

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110171
Author(s):  
Angeli Jayme ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Thermomechanical Coupling ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Truck Tire

A thermomechanical coupling between a hyper-viscoelastic tire and a representative pavement layer was conducted to assess the effect of various temperature profiles on the mechanical behavior of a rolling truck tire. The two deformable bodies, namely the tire and pavement layer, were subjected to steady-state-uniform and non-uniform temperature profiles to identify the significance of considering temperature as a variable in contact-stress prediction. A myriad of ambient, internal air, and pavement-surface conditions were simulated, along with combinations of applied tire load, tire-inflation pressure, and traveling speed. Analogous to winter, the low temperature profiles induced a smaller tire-pavement contact area that resulted in stress localization. On the other hand, under high temperature conditions during the summer, higher tire deformation resulted in lower contact-stress magnitudes owing to an increase in the tire-pavement contact area. In both conditions, vertical and longitudinal contact stresses are impacted, while transverse contact stresses are relatively less affected. This behavior, however, may change under a non-free-rolling condition, such as braking, accelerating, and cornering. By incorporating temperature into the tire-pavement interaction model, changes in the magnitude and distribution of the three-dimensional contact stresses were manifested. This would have a direct implication on the rolling resistance and near-surface behavior of flexible pavements.

Prediction of Temperature Profiles in Fluid Bed Boilers

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hodges ◽  
R. C. Hoke ◽  
R. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Mixing Height ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Solids Mixing ◽  
Vertical Tubes

Data acquired in the Exxon Research and Engineering Company’s fluid bed boiler program indicate that the arrangement and orientation of internal boiler tubes has a strong effect on the measured bed temperature profile. Horizontally oriented tubes yield much steeper temperature gradients than do vertical tubes. Excessive vertical temperature gradients in coal fired fluid bed boilers can either limit coal feed rates or result in the formation of agglomerates of solid material which are destructive of bed internals. This study represents an attempt to understand the influence of orientation on vertical temperature profiles in fluid bed boilers. A back-mixing model for solids recirculation was developed and applied to the prediction of bed temperatures. Bubbling bed theory is not suitable for estimating solids circulation rates in pressurized beds of large particles with immersed tubes. However, by introducing the concept of a solids mixing height it was possible to estimate solid movement. The solids mixing height and vertical boiler tube dimensions were correlated in a manner which resulted in good agreement between theoretical and experimental bed temperature profiles. It is felt that this simple model may prove quite useful in the design of large scale commercial fluid bed boilers.

Wireless probes for measuring vertical temperature profiles in borehole heat exchangers (BHEs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schüppler ◽  
Roman Zorn ◽  
Hagen Steger ◽  
Philipp Blum
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Borehole Heat Exchangers

&lt;p&gt;The measurement of the undisturbed ground temperature (UGT) serves to design low-temperature geothermal systems, in particular borehole heat exchangers (BHEs), and to monitor shallow aquifers. Wireless and miniaturized probes such as the Geosniff (GS) measurement sphere, which are characterized by an autarkic energy supply and equipped with pressure and temperature sensors, are increasingly being used for the measurement of highly resolved vertical temperature profiles. The measurement probe sinks along the course of the BHE with a selectable measurement frequency to the bottom of the BHE and is useable for initial measurements as well as long term groundwater monitoring. To ensure quality assurance and further improvement of this emerging technology, the analysis of measurement errors and uncertainties of wireless temperature measurements (WTMs) is indispensable. Thus, we provide an empirical laboratory analysis of random, systematic, and dynamic measurement errors, which lead to the measurement uncertainty of WTMs using the GS as a representative device. We subsequently transfer the analysed uncertainty to measured vertical temperature profiles of the undisturbed ground at a BHE site in Karlsruhe, Germany. The precision and accuracy of 0.011 K and -0.11 K, respectively, ensure a high reliability of the GS measurements. The largest measurement uncertainty is obtained within the first five meters of descent resulting from the thermal time constant &amp;#964; of 4 s. The measured temperature profiles are qualitatively compared with common Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) using fiber optic cables and punctual Pt-100 sensors. Wireless probes are also suitable to correct temperature profiles recorded with fiber optics with systematic errors of up to -0.93 K. Various boundary conditions such as the inclination of the BHE pipes or changes of the viscosity and density of the BHE fluid effect the descent rate of the GS of up to 40 %. We additionally provide recommendations for technical implementations of future measurement probes and contribute to an improved understanding and further development of WTMs.&lt;/p&gt;

III.—Recent Observations on the Glaciation of British Columbia and Adjacent Regions

1888 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geo. M. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Inland Ice ◽  
Great Valley ◽  
The U.S

Previous observations in British Columbia have shown that at one stage in the Glacial period—that of maximum glaciation—a great confluent ice-mass has occupied the region which may be named the Interior Plateau, between the Coast Mountains and Gold and Eocky Mountain Kanges. From the 55th to the 49th parallel this great glacier has left traces of its general southward or southeastward movement, which are distinct from those of subsequent local glaciers. The southern extensions or terminations of this confluent glacier, in Washington and Idaho Territories, have quite recently been examined by Mr. Bailley Willis and Prof. T. C. Chamberlin, of the U.S. Geological Survey. There is, further, evidence to show that this inland-ice flowed also, by transverse valleys and gaps, across the Coast Range, and that the fiords of the coast were thus deeply filled with glacier-ice which, supplemented by that originating on the Coast Range itself, buried the entire great valley which separates Vancouver Island from the mainland and discharged seaward round both ends of the island. Further north, the glacier extending from the mainland coast touched the northern shores of the Queen Charlotte Islands.

Occella impi, a New Species of Sea Poacher from British Columbia with Notes on Related Species (Agonidae, Pisces)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Gruchy
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
A New Species

Occella impi, a new species of sea poacher, is described from a single specimen captured in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Occella impi differs from other species of Occella in having spinous plates on the breast, the anus nearer the anal fin, and fewer anal rays; also, the numbers of bony body plates are distinctive. A key to the known species of Occella, based primarily on the numbers of bony body plates, is included. The size of the maxillary barbel and number of infralateral plates are shown to be characteristic of the genera Occella and Stellerina.

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