Pattern Identification in the Microstructure of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Otoliths

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Marshall ◽  
Steven S. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Pattern Identification ◽  
Short Term ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Term Response

Otoliths of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) display daily rings in the microstructure when reared in temperatures above ~ 5 °C. Otolith formation ceases in fed fry held at or below 5 °C, although body growth continues at a much reduced rate. Foraging periodicity is not a significant factor in ring periodicity; rather, the existence of an entrained biological rhythm is supported. Subdaily rings are present on some otoliths, but they are faint and poorly defined. A noticeable and consistent ring corresponding to the date of first feeding is identified. The otolith diameter—body length relationship varies significantly between fed and starved experimental groups. The relation measured for starved groups is thought to be a short-term response to brief periods of starvation.Key words: otoliths, daily rings, sockeye salmon, environmental factors

scholarly journals Relationship between size-weight parameters of soсkeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts emigrated from Lake Azabachye (Kamchatka River basin) in 1979–2013 and abundance of mature fsh in the sea in 1982–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
V. F. Bugaev
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Kamchatka River

Two groups of juvenile sockeye salmon are feeding in Lake Azabachye. They belong to the 2nd order stock of the lake (stock A) and to other 2nd order stocks of middle and down stream tributaries of the Kamchatka River which underyearlings migrate into the lake for feeding and wintering (group E). The main part of the stock A leaves the lake to the sea at the age 2+ (mainly 2.3) and the youngsters of the group E migrate to the sea at the age 1+ (mainly 1.3). The body length and weight parameters of the stock A smolts at the age 2+ and the group E smolts at the age 1+ could be similar or dissimilar in particular years. The maximal difference between the smots of these stocks is observed in the years with higher body length and weight for the stock A. Mean for 1979–2016 length and weight of smolts at abovementioned ages are evaluated as 98.42/87.46 mm and 10.40/7.38 g for the A/E stocks. For the stock A, statistically signifcant positive correlation is noted between size-weight parameters of smolts in the years of emigration and their abundance in the years of mass return. However, the regression has a shift between the periods of emigration/return of 1979–2000/1982–2003 and 2003–2013/2006–2016. The correlation is higher for the frst period (r = 0.820; P < 0.001 for body weight and r = 0.797; P < 0.001 for body length, n = 16) than for the second one with higher abundance (r = 0.669; P < 0.05 for body weight and r = 0.711; P < 0.05 for body length, n = 11). On opposite, the returns of the group E depend weakly on size-weight parameters of its smolts for the period of emigration/return of 1979–1997/1982–2000 (no data for return in 1999) and the dependence is insignifcant for the period of 2000–2013/2003–2016.

The Fate of 14C Labeled Food Ingested by Underyearling Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in Relation to Temperature and Ration

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1184-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Biette ◽  
G. H. Geen
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Cyclic Temperature ◽  
Temperature Constant ◽  
Ration Size

Underyearling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) provided rations likely available in nature grow more rapidly when held under cyclic than under constant temperature. The basis of this enhancement was investigated by following the short-term fate of labeled food in young sockeye fed low (3.4% dry body wt/d) and moderate (6.4% dry body wt/d) rations and maintained under constant and cyclic temperatures. These experiments, corrected for low 14C measured rates of respiration, indicated that growth potential of young sockeye is greater under cyclic temperatures because of the higher respiration rates at constant high temperatures and the greater rates of defecation and excretion at low temperatures. The difficulties in estimating respiration rates from 14CO2 measurements are emphasized.Key words: sockeye salmon, 14C-labeled feeding, incorporation, respiration, excretion, defecation, diel vertical migration, diel cyclic temperature, constant temperature, ration size

The distribution of plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch) in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts from Great Central Lake, British Columbia

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Lei Ching
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Dendriticum ◽  
Pyloric Ceca

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Great Central Lake, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were sampled in May of 1986 and 1987 to study the locations and sizes of plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. In 1986, 93% of 59 smolts were infected with a total of 222 plerocercoids (mean intensity ± SE, 4.0 ± 3.4; range, 1–15). In 1987, 77% of 168 smolts were infected with a total of 341 plerocercoids (mean ± SE, 2.6 ± 1.8; range, 1–9). More than 75% of the infected fish contained one to three plerocercoids, which were more often found free in the musculature than encysted in the viscera. Plerocercoids occurred most frequently in the midepaxial and midhypaxial musculature and encysted on the stomach and pyloric ceca. Plerocercoids varied in body length: those from the stomach area were <2 mm, and those in the viscera and musculature were 3–10 mm (a few from the musculature were >10 mm).

Patterns of covariation in length and age at maturity of British Columbia and Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
Michael F Lapointe ◽  
Carl J Walters
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Environmental Processes

We examined patterns of covariation in age-specific adult body length and in mean age at maturity among 31 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks from western Alaska to southern British Columbia. Positive covariation in body length was prevalent across stocks of all regions (e.g., correlations (r) from 0.2 to 0.6), suggesting either that growth periods critical to final body length of sockeye salmon occur while ocean distributions of these stocks overlap or that large-scale environmental processes influence these stocks similarly while they do not overlap. We also found stronger covariation among body length of stocks within regions (r from 0.4 to 0.7), indicating that unique regional-scale processes were also important. Mean age at maturity also showed positive covariation both among and within regions, but correlations were weaker than those for length. We also examined patterns of covariation between length and mean age at maturity and between these variables and survival rate. Although length and mean age at maturity were negatively correlated, there was little evidence of covariation between these variables and survival rate, suggesting that environmental processes that influence marine survival rates of sockeye salmon are largely different from those affecting size and age at maturity.

Relationship among adult body length, abundance, and ocean temperature for British Columbia and Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), 1967–1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1716-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Randall M Peterman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Length Data

Body length of adult Pacific sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) has decreased significantly in recent years. We used 69 time series of age-specific body-length data (1967-1997) for 30 sockeye salmon stocks from southern British Columbia to western Alaska to test hypotheses about the effects of oceanographic conditions and competition on growth rate of sockeye salmon. Using principal components analysis (PCA), we constructed a single time series (PC1) that represented the dominant pattern of variability in length-at-age shared among these stocks. Taking into account time trends and autocorrelation in residuals, we found that increases in total Gulf of Alaska sockeye abundance and increases in sea-surface temperature (SST) across the Gulf of Alaska were significantly associated with reduced adult body length. Abundance and SST together accounted for 71% of the variability in PC1. Although researchers have documented increases in both abundance of sockeye salmon and their food in the northeastern Pacific Ocean over the last few decades, it is possible that increased food was more than offset by increased sockeye abundance, leading to greater competition and reduced body size.

Effect of simulated catch-and-release angling on postrelease mortality and egg viability in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2390-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Smukall ◽  
Amy Shaw ◽  
Donald C. Behringer
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Catch And Release

Catch-and-release angling of salmonids is a widely implemented fisheries management strategy intended to provide recreational fishing opportunities while limiting harvest. Previous research has indicated mortality may be low, but the extent of sublethal impacts, including inability to reach spawning grounds or decreased spawning effectiveness, is relatively under-studied. Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were subjected to simulated catch-and-release events, with a subset also enduring air exposure, to determine how physiological stress influences the ability of sockeye salmon to reach spawning grounds and the viability of eggs produced. Short-term postrelease mortality was highest for fish that were subjected to air exposure, but once recovered, neither simulated catch-and-release nor air exposure had a major impact on their ability to reach spawning grounds. Egg viability was similar between treatment groups, indicating physiological stress associated with the trials did not have a negative impact on reproduction. These results suggest that handling, especially air exposure, is the primary concern and substantially impacts the short-term postrelease mortality of sockeye salmon, which has important implications for management.

Evaluation of Alternative Models of the Coastal Migration of Adult Fraser River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Pascual ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Fish Movement ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Compass Orientation ◽  
Discrete Step ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking

A set of stochastic discrete step models of individual fish movement was developed to investigate the efficiency of compass orientation as a migratory mechanism in the coastal homeward migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Ultrasonic tracking data provided empirical values for the required parameters. Alternative movement models were validated by comparing the results of Monte Carlo simulations and known features of sockeye migration: general aspect of individual trajectories, timing, success in reaching the goal, and spatial occurrence. The effect of different headings and directional precisions on the probability of success in reaching the goal were considered. The more complex models captured the essence of observed movement patterns, but the number of fish getting to the goal was lower than expected. Many "modeled" fish were lost in the complex web of channels and inlets characteristic of this area. We conclude that the preference of a compass direction is not a sufficient mechanism to explain the observed migratory behavior of Fraser River sockeye salmon in coastal areas. Other mechanisms, such as negative kinetic responses to water from nonnatal rivers or short-term learning, may prevent the fish from being trapped in complex areas.

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