Guidelines for the Culture of Fish Stocks for Resource Management

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Hynes ◽  
E. H. Brown Jr. ◽  
J. H. Helle ◽  
N. Ryman ◽  
D. A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Reduced Temperature ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Examples of desired genetic changes produced in fish by selective breeding are contrasted with those of unintentional and often harmful genetic changes resulting from artificial propagation over prolonged periods, e.g. reduced longevity and reduced temperature tolerance. Evidence for undesired effects caused by the hatchery environment on captive fish stocks is also presented, e.g. precocity, inappropriate feeding behavior, and the risks posed by artificial rearing techniques are discussed. Methods for identifying both genetic and environmentally induced changes are outlined along with experimental designs for distinguishing between them. Some practical recommendations are offered for establishing, developing, and maintaining brood stocks in hatcheries and for managing wild fish populations in ways that maximize genetic variability while avoiding the occurrence of undesirable changes. Adherence to the recommended procedures will improve progress in fisheries rehabilitation efforts.Key words: fish culture, genetics, environmental effects, brood stocks, resource management

Selective Breeding and Hybridization in Fisheries Management

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ihssen
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Genetic Techniques

Selective breeding of fish using quantitative genetic techniques is discussed. Fish offer advantages over other livestock for selective breeding procedures because of their relatively high reproductive potential and low reproductive barriers.Maintaining fish stocks in artificial environments can cause undesirable genetic changes such as loss in heterozygosity due to inbreeding and loss in fitness. Methods to minimize inbreeding are given. The study of cross breeds of inbred lines, and hybrids among strains or even species, to produce high levels of heterozygosity and heterosis or hybrid vigor is suggested.

scholarly journals Opportunity for marine fisheries reform in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Cao ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Shuanglin Dong ◽  
Arthur Hanson ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Marine Fisheries ◽  
Marine Resource ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Marine Resource Management

China’s 13th Five-Year Plan, launched in March 2016, provides a sound policy platform for the protection of marine ecosystems and the restoration of capture fisheries within China’s exclusive economic zone. What distinguishes China among many other countries striving for marine fisheries reform is its size—accounting for almost one-fifth of global catch volume—and the unique cultural context of its economic and resource management. In this paper, we trace the history of Chinese government priorities, policies, and outcomes related to marine fisheries since the 1978 Economic Reform, and examine how the current leadership’s agenda for “ecological civilization” could successfully transform marine resource management in the coming years. We show how China, like many other countries, has experienced a decline in the average trophic level of its capture fisheries during the past few decades, and how its policy design, implementation, and enforcement have influenced the status of its wild fish stocks. To reverse the trend in declining fish stocks, the government is introducing a series of new programs for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, with greater traceability and accountability in marine resource management and area controls on coastal development. As impressive as these new plans are on paper, we conclude that serious institutional reforms will be needed to achieve a true paradigm shift in marine fisheries management in China. In particular, we recommend new institutions for science-based fisheries management, secure fishing access, policy consistency across provinces, educational programs for fisheries managers, and increasing public access to scientific data.

scholarly journals Development of a nondiapausing strain of northern corn rootworm with rearing techniques for both diapausing and nondiapausing strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man P. Huynh ◽  
Chad Nielson ◽  
B. Wade French ◽  
Dalton C. Ludwick ◽  
Ryan W. Geisert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Diabrotica Barberi ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Northern Corn Rootworm

AbstractThe northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, has a univoltine life cycle that typically produces one generation a year. When rearing the northern corn rootworm in the laboratory, in order to break diapause, it is necessary to expose eggs to a five month cold period before raising the temperature. By selective breeding of the small fraction of eggs that hatched without cold within 19–32 days post oviposition, we were able to develop a non-diapausing colony of the northern corn rootworm within five generations of selection. Through selection, the percentages of adult emergence from egg hatch without exposure to cold treatment significantly increased from 0.52% ± 0.07 at generation zero to 29.0% ± 2.47 at generation eight. During this process, we developed an improved method for laboratory rearing of both the newly developed non-diapausing strain as well as the diapausing strain. The development of the non-diapausing colony along with the improvements to the rearing system will allow researchers to produce up to six generations of the northern corn rootworm per year, which would facilitate research and advance our knowledge of this pest at an accelerated rate.

scholarly journals Global subsiding as a way to sustainable fishery

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 05036
Author(s):  
Viktoria Dorofeeva ◽  
Elena Klippenstein ◽  
Dmitry Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Sustainable Fishery ◽  
Unregulated Fishing ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Government subsidies affect many kinds of world’s fishery and are intended to restore troubled fisheries. The article shows that current information about global subsidies for fishery are fragmentary due to lack of its classification and accounting. But at the same time, many fishery countries allow overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. As a result, bioresources are overexploited, and economical indicators of fishing deteriorate. Depleted reserves of fish in seas, and also economical and social problems within fishery society is a result of exploiting of marine bioresources in terms of lack of proper fishing management system. We have made an attempt to summarize approaches of different organizations to classify global subsidies. The presented analysis shows that the largest share of subsidies falls on fuel, which is undoubtable a negative tendency. The assessment of subsidies level for the largest fishery countries is implemented. Scientific and practical recommendations are formulated, its compliance may provide the growth of economical state without accelerating the depletion of fish stocks.

Customs Human Resources Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
K. Trubicyn ◽  
Yu. Gubarev ◽  
O. Kalmykova
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article discusses the issues of human resource management of customs authorities: the main methods and forms of the process of selection and placement of personnel of customs authorities. The results of the analysis of the organization of the process of selection and placement of officials and employees of customs authorities on the example of the Samara customs are presented. Practical recommendations for improving the organization and increasing the efficiency of the process of selection and placement of personnel in the customs authorities of the Russian Federation, formed on the basis of the DEA analytical method, are proposed.

scholarly journals Fear and Foxes: An Educational Primer for Use with “Anterior Pituitary Transcriptome Suggests Differences in ACTH Release in Tame and Aggressive Foxes”

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie H. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Discovery Science ◽  
Acth Release

The way genes contribute to behavior is complicated. Although there are some single genes with large contributions, most behavioral differences are due to small effects from many interacting genes. This makes it hard to identify the genes that cause behavioral differences. Mutagenesis screens in model organisms, selective breeding experiments in animals, comparisons between related populations with different behaviors, and genome-wide association studies in humans are promising and complementary approaches to understanding the heritable aspects of complex behaviors. To connect genes to behaviors requires measuring behavioral differences, locating correlated genetic changes, determining when, where, and how these candidate genes act, and designing causative confirmatory experiments. This area of research has implications from basic discovery science to human mental health.

The 1995 United Nations Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement: Management, Enforcement and Dispute Settlement

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Örebech ◽  
Ketill Sigurjonsson ◽  
Ted L. McDorman
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Coastal State ◽  
Management Measures

AbstractThe 1995 UN Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement is designed to implement the management principles of the LOS Convention applicable to these stocks. This contribution focuses upon those aspects of the 1995 Agreement related to surveillance and enforcement, dispute settlement and the role and competence of regional fisheries management organisations (RFOs). The Agreement seeks to delegate fisheries management authority over straddling stocks to the RFOs. A key issue that will confront an RFO will be compatibility of management measures inside and outside the 200-nautical mile zone. An RFO will have to choose between a "top down" (the RFO managing the entire stock) or a "bottom up" (the coastal state having independent authority within 200 nautical miles) approach. While the 1995 Agreement is careful not to trample upon coastal state jurisdiction within 200 nautical miles, the preferred resource management approach supported by the 1995 Agreement and this contribution is the "top down" model.

Have the Genetic Patterns of Fishes been Altered by Introductions or by Selective Fishing?

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Great Caution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Genetic Pattern ◽  
Induced Changes

This paper is a review of some of the literature dealing with changes in freshwater fish populations following exploitation or after introduction of exotic species. The object of the review was to look for changes that could be attributed to alterations in the gene pools of the affected populations. Very little concrete evidence could be found, either because the investigations reviewed were not looking for genetic changes, or because such changes did not occur. Changes in some salmonids may be assigned to introgressive hybridization, particularly where rainbow and cutthroat trout have been put together on the Eastern Slopes. In many cases, however, exotics have apparently failed to contribute to the gene pool of the resident population, and most hybrids, when they occur, have been of low fertility.Fishes have a remarkable ability to respond to changes in population density by altered growth rates and times of maturity. These changed characters are not necessarily due to genetic changes and may be explained by assuming that fishes are pre-adapted to a wide range of conditions. There is a rather speculative suggestion that angling may select less intelligent fish, leading to an upgrading in intelligence of the fish. The general conclusion is that in the light of the existing evidence, great caution must be used in attributing to man-induced changes in fish populations changes in the genetic pattern.

Examining the effect of feralization on craniomandibular morphology in pigs, Sus scrofa (Artiodactyla: Suidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-879
Author(s):  
Dimitri Neaux ◽  
Gabriele Sansalone ◽  
François Lecompte ◽  
Camille Noûs ◽  
Ashleigh Haruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Population History ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Feral Populations ◽  
Feral Population ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Feralization is the process by which domestic animals return to the wild and produce self-sustaining populations. It is often considered as a model in understanding the permanence of morphological changes associated with domestication; however, it is still unclear how much the release of anthropogenic selective pressures affects domestic traits. Here, we assessed the influence of feralization on the domestic morphological traits acquired through selective breeding using craniomandibular differences in shape and size between populations of feral pigs, wild boar and domestic pigs, using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Our results suggest that numerous cranial and mandibular traits associated with domestication still exist in feral specimens, corroborating that domestication-induced changes in the shape of morphological elements are broadly maintained in feral populations. This is not the case for size variations, however, as the cranium is significantly smaller in feral pigs than in domesticated breeds, which could be due to the selective pressures associated with founding events. Our exploratory study, therefore, underlines the complexity of feral population history, the intricate influence of variations in genetic diversity, and novel selection pressures in the morphology of these groups. Future studies will need to expand the sample to take into account the diversity of morphotypes.

Faecal nematode egg counts in lactating ewes from Romney flocks selectively bred for divergence in lamb faecal egg count

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Morris ◽  
S. A. Bisset ◽  
A. Vlassoff ◽  
C. J. West ◽  
M. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractFaecal nematode egg counts (FECs) were examined in lactating ewes from divergent flocks of Romney sheep which had been selectively bred from 1979 to 1996 for or against FEC in 4 to 7 month old lambs. Faecal samples were obtained from the ewes while under normal grazing management, 1 to 2 months after lambing in spring for each of 6 years between 1987 and 1996 (no. = 785 records; 298 animals). Analyses were carried out on loge (FEC + 100)–transformed data using animal-model maximum likelihood procedures, accounting for repeated records on ewes, within and between lactations. An examination of non-genetic effects indicated that there was no significant effect of age class of ewe on FEC but ewes which gave birth to single lambs had significantly lower post-parturient FECs than those bearing twins (back-transformed means of 184 v. 276 egg per g, respectively; P < 0·001). In relation to genetic effects, post-parturient FECs were significantly lower in ewes from the flock bred for low lamb-FEC than in their counterparts from the flock bred for high lamb-FEC, with ewes from the most recent birth years (1991 to 1994) showing a nine-fold difference (back-transformed means of 33 and 305 eggs per g faeces respectively; P < 0·001). This was equivalent to 69% of the divergence observed between loge (FEC + 100) in their lambs in the same years. Heritability and repeatability estimates for loge (FEC + 100) in ewes were 0·37 (s.e. 0·06) and 0·46 (s.e. 0·03) respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between a ewe's post-parturient loge (FEC + 200) and her loge (FEC + 100) as a lamb, based on analysis of (co)variance or realized responses, were 0·70 or 0·58 respectively. The phenotypic correlation between a ewe's loge (FEC + 100) and that of her lamb(s) in the same lactation was 0·29 (s.e. 0·06) (P < 0·001). From the results it is clear that substantial genetic changes in post-parturient FECs of breeding ewes can be induced through a correlated response to selective breeding for or against reduced FEC in lambs. This may have important implications for the epidemiology of nematode parasite infections in spring-born lambs, a possibility which is currently being investigated.

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