Life History and Timing of Migrations and Spawning Behavior of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Populations of the Great Lakes

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1759-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Biette ◽  
D. P. Dodge ◽  
R. L. Hassinger ◽  
T. M. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
Innate Ability ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) populations of the Great Lakes showed a great variability in timing of spawning migrations and life histories. This variability was examined to determine if rainbow trout populations of the Great Lakes are comprised of discrete stocks. Differences in timing of migration and spawning indicated that at least one spawning population may be distinctive and that others may be in progressive stages towards emergence of discrete stocks. The innate ability of this species to adapt to different environmental conditions, together with its ability to 'home,' provide rainbow trout in the Great Lakes with the potential to develop discrete stocks. The management of this species that allows for the development of this potential is emphasized.Key words: rainbow trout. Great Lakes, stocks, migrations, spawning, life histories, homing

Vital Statistics of a Population of Great Lakes Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Characterized by an Extended Spawning Season

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Dodge ◽  
Hugh R. MacCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Adult Fish

Adult fish moved into Bothwell's Creek, Lake Huron, between October 29 and May 3. Run A (October 29–February 15) was composed of 640 fish, run B (February 16–May 3) of 610 fish. Run A spawned between December 29 and February 14 and left the river. Run B spawned between February 20 and April 30. Total lengths of males ranged from 31 to 80 cm, females from 21 to 90 cm. Fourteen categories of life history were identified within the population of which 99% had become smolts after 2 years of stream life. Fish of age 5 were dominant. Differences in age class structure and size of fish occurred between runs A and B. Sea lamprey scars were evident on 8.6% of fish, all over 46 cm in total length.

Intra- and inter-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in Salmo: rainbow, steelhead, and cutthroat trouts

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2088-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Wilson ◽  
W. Kelley Thomas ◽  
Andrew T. Beckenbach
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Clonal Lines

Two forms of Salmo gairdneh with different life histories (steelhead and rainbow trout) were compared using restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA. A total of 19 individuals from four populations were studied for each of the two forms, using 14 restriction enzymes. In addition, five cutthroat trout samples were included as an interspecific comparison. These enzymes revealed a total of 81 cut sites, representing a sample of more than 400 nucleotides per fish. Of these sites, 25 were phylogenetically informative, dividing the 43 fish into 10 clonal lines, 8 Salmo gairdneri and 2 Salmo clarki. Results indicated detectable divergence between all geographic populations of steelhead and rainbow trout except Pennask rainbow trout, Coquihalla steelhead, and Wampus Creek rainbow trout. Other steelhead populations analysed showed a closer phylogenetic relationship to each other than to rainbow trout populations analysed. Intraspecific divergence was in most cases 1% or less, with a 1.5% maximum. Interspecific divergence between S. gairdneri and S. clarki was between 2% and 3.5%.

Spawning Behavior of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Tautz ◽  
C. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Gravel Size

Detailed accounts of the spawning behavior of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in laboratory flumes are provided. The behavioral activities, quivering, probing, and crossing over increase in frequency as a function of time prior to spawning whereas digging remains constant or decreases slightly. Maps of digging locations and movie films suggest nest shape and current pattern are monitored by the female, allowing her to intensify her digging activity near the center of the nest. Probing appears to be a signal to the male indicating approach of oviposition and also provides information to the female regarding the shape and suitability of the nest site. The probing act is also used in the synchronization of the male and female spawning acts. Changes in velocity do not appear to markedly affect nest construction either in terms of number of digs to oviposition or in size of nest constructed. It is inferred that velocity and gravel size are important insofar as they influence the construction of a suitable nest depression. Nest sites would appear to be selected on the basis of acceleration of flow rather than velocity per se though high limits must obviously exist.

scholarly journals Early life history of triploid rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson)

Aquaculture ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Happe ◽  
Edwige Quillet ◽  
B. Chevassus
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
History Of

Production and Movement of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a Headwater of Bothwell's Creek, Georgian Bay, Canada

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ross Alexander ◽  
Hugh R. MacCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Georgian Bay ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Total Annual Production ◽  
Calculated Ratio

Within the 21,500 m2 headwater, the standing population of juvenile rainbow trout reached a high of 7.05 g/m2 in October. Production was maximum during August at 1.77 g/m2. Total annual production is calculated at 284.5 kg (13.2 g/m2). Spring emigrants (no less than 4830 fish weighing 69 kg) were age I (91%) and age II. Minimum calculated ratio of production to yield as emigrants was 4.1:1. Comparatively few age 0 fish emigrated during summer. Because of their demonstrated capability to produce juveniles, sensitive headwaters must be preserved from ecological disturbance to assure self-perpetuating rainbow trout populations in the Great Lakes.

Some Chemical Signals in the Spawning Behavior of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Newcombe ◽  
G. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Olfactory Information ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Chemical Stimuli

In a two-choice maze ripe rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of both sexes showed positive responses to chemical (probably olfactory) information. The possibility that visual or auditory stimuli influenced choice of channel in the maze was ruled out. Both males and females were strongly attracted to water taken from behind fish that were spawning and weakly attracted to the holding water of ripe fish that were not spawning. Brief speculation is offered about the role of chemical stimuli in the behavior of prespawning and spawning trout.

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Pacific salmonid evolution

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kelley Thomas ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
Andrew T. Beckenbach
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Closely Related Species

The salmonids of Pacific North America are a group of closely related species with complex life histories and interesting distribution. Previous studies of their evolution and population structure have involved classical morphological and genetic techniques. We have analysed both intra- and inter-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the five North American species of the genus Oncorhynchus and the rainbow trout species, Salmo gairdneri. Cleavage sites for 13 different restriction enzymes were sampled, comparing an average of 48 sites per individual, or approximately 1.7% of the genome. No obvious size variation in the 16 500 ± 500 base pair length was observed. Levels of intraspecific variation detected in the chum salmon and rainbow trout were 0.24 ± 0.23 and 0.45 ± 0.26%, respectively. This variation was population specific; no variation was detected within any of the populations sampled, suggesting the existence of population substructuring. Estimates of divergence between species range from 2.46 ± 0.72% in the coho–chinook salmon comparison to 6.88 ± 1.27% between coho and chum salmon. The phylogenetic relationship among these species, based on the levels of sequence divergence, organizes the species into three distinct groups. One group includes the pink and chum salmon while a second group contains the coho and chinook salmon, as well as the rainbow trout. The sockeye salmon are distinct from both groups. Although most of these results are in accordance with classical analyses, the relationship of the rainbow trout to the coho and chinook salmon suggests different interpretations of the evolution of life histories and morphological traits in these closely related species.

Comparison of Inlet and Outlet Spawning Runs of Rainbow Trout in Loon Lake, British Columbia

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Hartman ◽  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Inlet Stream ◽  
Outlet Stream ◽  
Diel Movement ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) entering and leaving inlet and outlet spawning streams were trapped and marked during three years. Spawners entered the outlet stream at approximately the same time each year despite considerable differences in time of lake ice breakup. Spawners entered the inlet stream 3 to 5 weeks later than outlet spawners and at water temperatures several degrees higher. The inlet spawning run was later in years when disappearance of lake ice was delayed. Comparative statistics are presented on size, sex ratio, survival and diel movement of spawners in both streams. Effects of several types of marking were compared; removal of adipose fins produced much lower mortality than tagging with Petersen discs. In the outlet stream an inverse correlation existed between number of spawners and survival, condition, and length of stay of spawners in the stream. Factors which may be responsible for differences in timing of spawning migrations are discussed.

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