Marking Fish by Scarring Soft Fin Rays

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Welch ◽  
Kenneth H. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
High Error Rate ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Low Costs

Fish can be permanently marked by scarring soft fin rays. Advantages over existing marking methods include rapidity of application, permanence, individual identification, low costs, and lack of adverse effects caused by the mark. Disadvantages include lack of recognition by untrained observers and a relatively high error rate when reading marks.Key words: fish marking, fin rays

Repeated convolutional codes for high-error-rate channels

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
G. Li ◽  
V.K. Bhargava ◽  
L.J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Convolutional Codes ◽  
High Error Rate

scholarly journals Accurate measurement of microsatellite length by disrupting its tandem repeat structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Levy ◽  
Zihua Wang ◽  
Andrea Moffitt ◽  
Michael H. Wigler
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
High Error Rate ◽  
Repeat Structure ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Simple Sequence

Replication of tandem repeats of simple sequence motifs, also known as microsatellites, is error prone and variable lengths frequently occur during population expansions. Therefore, microsatellite length variations could serve as markers for cancer. However, accurate error-free quantitation of microsatellite lengths is difficult with current methods because of a high error rate during amplification and sequencing. We have solved this problem by using partial mutagenesis to disrupt enough of the repeat structure so that it can replicate faithfully, yet not so much that the flanking regions cannot be reliably identified. In this work we use bisulfite mutagenesis to convert a C to a U, later read as T. Compared to untreated templates, we achieve three orders of magnitude reduction in the error rate per round of replication. By requiring two independent first copies of an initial template, we reach error rates below one in a million. We discuss potential clinical applications of this method.

Efficient ARQ scheme for high error rate channels

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moeneclaey ◽  
H. Bruneel
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
High Error Rate

Needed: A Ban on the Significance Test

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Research Review ◽  
High Error Rate ◽  
Coin Toss ◽  
Average Error Rate ◽  
Study Results

The significance test as currently used is a disaster Whereas most researchers falsely believe that the significance test has an error rate of 5%, empirical studies show the average error rate across psychology is 60%–12 times higher than researchers think it to be The error rate for inference using the significance test is greater than the error rate using a coin toss to replace the empirical study The significance test has devastated the research review process Comprehensive reviews cite conflicting results on almost every issue Yet quantitatively accurate review of the same results shows that the apparent conflicts stem almost entirely from the high error rate for the significance test If 60% of studies falsely interpret their primary results, then reviewers who base their reviews on the interpreted study “findings” will have a 100% error rate in concluding that there is conflict between study results

scholarly journals Relative Performance of MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) versus Sequel (Pacific Biosciences) Third-Generation Sequencing Instruments in Identification of Agricultural and Forest Fungal Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaire Loit ◽  
Kalev Adamson ◽  
Mohammad Bahram ◽  
Rasmus Puusepp ◽  
Sten Anslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
High Error Rate ◽  
Pacific Biosciences ◽  
Third Generation Sequencing ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Oxford Nanopore Technologies ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACT Culture-based molecular identification methods have revolutionized detection of pathogens, yet these methods are slow and may yield inconclusive results from environmental materials. The second-generation sequencing tools have much-improved precision and sensitivity of detection, but these analyses are costly and may take several days to months. Of the third-generation sequencing techniques, the portable MinION device (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) has received much attention because of its small size and possibility of rapid analysis at reasonable cost. Here, we compare the relative performances of two third-generation sequencing instruments, MinION and Sequel (Pacific Biosciences), in identification and diagnostics of fungal and oomycete pathogens from conifer (Pinaceae) needles and potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves and tubers. We demonstrate that the Sequel instrument is efficient for metabarcoding of complex samples, whereas MinION is not suited for this purpose due to a high error rate and multiple biases. However, we find that MinION can be utilized for rapid and accurate identification of dominant pathogenic organisms and other associated organisms from plant tissues following both amplicon-based and PCR-free metagenomics approaches. Using the metagenomics approach with shortened DNA extraction and incubation times, we performed the entire MinION workflow, from sample preparation through DNA extraction, sequencing, bioinformatics, and interpretation, in 2.5 h. We advocate the use of MinION for rapid diagnostics of pathogens and potentially other organisms, but care needs to be taken to control or account for multiple potential technical biases. IMPORTANCE Microbial pathogens cause enormous losses to agriculture and forestry, but current combined culturing- and molecular identification-based detection methods are too slow for rapid identification and application of countermeasures. Here, we develop new and rapid protocols for Oxford Nanopore MinION-based third-generation diagnostics of plant pathogens that greatly improve the speed of diagnostics. However, due to high error rate and technical biases in MinION, the Pacific BioSciences Sequel platform is more useful for in-depth amplicon-based biodiversity monitoring (metabarcoding) from complex environmental samples.

A Review of Diagnostic Inaccuracy

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P W Kingsford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
High Error Rate ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic

A review is presented of autopsy evidence demonstrating clinical diagnostic inaccuracy. Startling results emerge: the major clinical diagnosis is not confirmed in up to 45 per cent of cases, with typical error rates of up to 30 per cent; autopsy reveals unexpected major findings in up to 33 per cent of cases; management should have been different in up to 24 per cent of cases; clinicians cannot identify which patients are likely to have errant diagnoses; clinically ‘certain’ diagnoses still have a high error rate. These error rates have not changed significantly since an early study in 1912 despite the current widespread use of advanced investigation modalities.

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