Extraction of Living Meiofauna from Marine Sediments by Centrifugation in a Silica Sol—Sorbitol Mixture

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schwinghamer
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Muddy Sediments

A simple, rapid method is described for the extraction of living marine organisms from sandy and muddy sediments using centrifugation in a buffered mixture of sorbitol and the silica sol Percoll. The method is suitable for the collection of delicate species of "soft" meiofauna. Combined with the use of an inverted plankton microscope and settling chambers, this method greatly reduces the time and labor spent in extracting and identifying meiobenthic organisms and benthic microalgae.Key words: meiofauna, Percoll, extraction

scholarly journals Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Ages of Fatty Acids in Marine Sediments from the Western North Pacific

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Uchida ◽  
Yasuyuki Shibata ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Yuichiro Kumamoto ◽  
Minoru Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter

Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of five fatty-acid biomarkers was conducted for marine sediments collected from the western North Pacific. The fatty acids (C12 to C34) showed a typical bimodal distribution pattern with two maxima at C16 and C26. Their carbon isotopic compositions ranged from −25.1‰ (C16) to −31.8‰ (C28), suggesting that they derived from terrestrial higher plants and marine organisms. A large variations of 14C ages were found among the fatty acids detected in the same sedimentary horizon of the core, ranging from 530 BP (C18) to 3250 BP (C28). The results of 14C analysis of fatty acids could be divided into two groups, i.e., lower molecular weight (LMW) fatty acids (C16, C18) derived from marine organisms and higher molecular weight (HMW) fatty acids (C24, C26, C28) derived from terrestrial higher plants. The HMW fatty acids showed older ages, ranging from 2550 BP (C24) to 3250 BP (C28), than LMW fatty acids (530 BP [C18] to 1,820 years BP [C16]). On the other hand, bulk-phase total organic matter (TOM) showed the age of 2260 BP that is between those two groups, suggesting that it was likely a mixture of organic matter derived from marine and terrestrial sources. The compound specific 14C ages and δ13C data of sedimentary fatty acids presented here could provide useful information to decipher the fate and transport process of terrestrial organic matter to marine sediments.

Optimum Parameters for Fining Extract of Garlic Soluble Solids with Acidic Silica and Bentonite

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1849-1853
Author(s):  
Xue Song Huang ◽  
Jin Ling Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Optimum Parameters

To produce dried garlic soluble solids extract (GSSE), the method of the economical and rapid method of fining fructan extracts solution was investigated. The acidic silica sol and the bentonite as fining reagents at different concentrations were added into the garlic juice at soluble solids (SS) 6%,12% and 15% (W/W) and at pH 4, 5, 6, 7. The results showed that pH values affected fining firstly, and silcan sol did secondly at SS = 12% but bentonited did secondly at SS = 15%. When silica sol and bentonite were added at 0.2% and 0.1% (V/V), respectively, and at pH 4, the clarifying operation not only reached an acceptable yield of protein precipitate and other impurities, but it was also economically viable. It is concluded that acceptable fining parameters waries based on the GSSE and could be obtained according to the test for the producing dried GSSE as the source of fructan.

ACOUSTIC RESPONSE OF AMAZON SHELF MUDDY SEDIMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Smith Menandro ◽  
Alex Cardoso Bastos ◽  
Valéria Da Silva Quaresma ◽  
Susana Beatriz Vinzón
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Acoustic Response ◽  
Amazon Shelf ◽  
Muddy Sediments

ABSTRACT. Understanding the behaviour of acoustic signals in marine sediments is of great importance for applied coastal studies. In areas with high suspended sediment concentration... RESUMO. A geoacústica submarina auxilia no entendimento do comportamento do sinal acústico no sedimento marinho e é fundamental para estudos aplicados a regiões costeiras...

A rapid method to assess a broad inventory of organic species in marine sediments using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagoš R. Radović ◽  
Renzo C. Silva ◽  
Ryan W. Snowdon ◽  
Melisa Brown ◽  
Steve Larter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Resolution Mass

Use of a Bacterial Bioluminescence Assay to Assess Toxicity of Contaminated Marine Sediments

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Schiewe ◽  
Eric G. Hawk ◽  
David I. Actor ◽  
Margaret M. Krahn
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Bioluminescence ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Bioluminescence Assay ◽  
Contaminated Marine Sediments

A bacterial bioluminescence assay was evaluated for assessing the toxicity of contaminated marine sediments. Preliminary assays established the feasibility of testing methanol–dichloromethane sediment extracts and demonstrated the advantages of solvent-exchanging the extracts into ethanol before testing. Bioluminescence assays were then conducted on extracts of 18 marine sediments varying in nature and degree of chemical contamination. Statistical analyses revealed significant associations between acute toxicity expressed as a 15-min EC50 (the concentration of extract causing a 50% reduction in bioluminescence after a 15-min exposure) and concentrations of sums of measured aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalenes, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. We conclude that the bioluminescence assay is useful as a rapid method of comparing and ranking the toxicity of organic extracts of contaminated sediments.

Texture measurements in Al2O3 using BEKP

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 608-609
Author(s):  
M. D. Vaudin ◽  
J. P. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Anisotropic Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Crystal Properties ◽  
Backscattered Electron

The study of preferred crystallographic orientation (texture) in ceramics is assuming greater importance as their anisotropic crystal properties are being used to advantage in an increasing number of applications. The quantification of texture by a reliable and rapid method is required. Analysis of backscattered electron Kikuchi patterns (BEKPs) can be used to provide the crystallographic orientation of as many grains as time and resources allow. The technique is relatively slow, particularly for noncubic materials, but the data are more accurate than any comparable technique when a sufficient number of grains are analyzed. Thus, BEKP is well-suited as a verification method for data obtained in faster ways, such as x-ray or neutron diffraction. We have compared texture data obtained using BEKP, x-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. Alumina specimens displaying differing levels of axisymmetric (0001) texture normal to the specimen surface were investigated.BEKP patterns were obtained from about a hundred grains selected at random in each specimen.

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