Effects of Temperature on Metamorphosis and the Age and Length at Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1827-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Intermediate Rate

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) ammocoetes of known age were confined in three locations to determine the effects of temperature on the incidence of metamorphosis. Sixty ammocoetes were held in each of Lake Superior, the Big Garlic River, and in an aquarium at room temperature for each of 4 yr. The highest incidence of metamorphosis (75–100%) occurred at 20–21 °C (aquarium), an intermediate rate (46–76%) at 14–16 °C (Big Garlic River), and the lowest (5–10%) at 7–11 °C (Lake Superior). Density appeared to be the dominant factor in regulating the length of larval and transformed sea lampreys. Mean lengths of larval and transformed sea lampreys increased markedly after stream treatments with selective lampricides. Prediction of lengths at which metamorphosis occurs in re-established populations of sea lampreys is uncertain because of variability in growth rates. Initial metamorphosis in a year-class is dependent on growth rates of ammocoetes. Because of wide variation in growth rates, metamorphosis may begin at age III among fast-growing populations and not until age VII among slow-growing populations.Key words: Petromyzon marinus, sea lamprey; metamorphosis, age, length, Great Lakes

Changes in Spawning Runs of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Selected Streams of Lake Superior after Chemical Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1851-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Moore ◽  
L. P. Schleen
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Spawning Run

During lampricide treatment of a stream, sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, that will constitute the spawning run the following spring inhabit the Great Lakes and are not affected by the treatment. However, the number of adults captured at electrical barriers declined as much as 99% in some streams 1 year after chemical treatment. Large declines of adults were noted in streams which were treated late in the year. Streams in which significant populations of larval lampreys survived the chemical treatment, or contained lentic populations, continued to attract adults. Adult sea lampreys could be attracted to sea lamprey ammocoetes in streams or in offshore areas and hence use this as one of a number of clues to determine rivers suitable for spawning.Key words: sea lamprey, olfaction, orientation/homing, spawning migration, habitat alteration (chemical), Petromyzon marinus, lampricides

Changes in Biological Characteristics of the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) as Related to Lamprey Abundance, Prey Abundance, and Sea Lamprey Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1861-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Heinrich ◽  
Jerry G. Weise ◽  
Bernard R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Biological characteristics of adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, in the Great Lakes changed in response to lamprey and prey abundance and the chemical control program. Sea lampreys collected as early as 1947, through 1978, from southern Lake Superior, northwestern Lake Michigan, the Ocqueoc River and Canadian shore of Lake Huron, and the Humber River of Lake Ontario were analyzed. Generally, abundance of sea lampreys peaked in each lake before the chemical control program began. The annual mean lengths and weights were relatively low when lampreys were abundant and increased as the numbers were reduced by the control efforts. As an indication of the change in sea lamprey weight per unit change in length, annual log10 weight on log10 length equations were solved at the arbitrary length of 410 mm. The values were plotted against years for each lake and interpreted with respect to chemical treatment periods. All slopes were negative before the control period and positive thereafter. Sea lamprey lengths and weights were low when fish stocks in the Great Lakes were near depletion. As salmonids again became abundant through stocking, lampreys grew larger. In Lake Superior, where detailed records on lake trout abundance have been available since 1959, a significant relation exists between the changes in the sea lamprey estimated weight values at 410 mm and in lake trout abundance (P < 0.01). Male sea lampreys were the dominant sex when populations of the parasite were high. A shift to a preponderance of females occurred as lamprey abundance declined.Key words: Petromyzon marinus, Salvelinus namaycush, abundance, sex ratio, weight–length relationship, chemical control

Classification of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Attack Marks on Great Lakes Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1989-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett Louis King Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Criteria for the classification of marks inflicted by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) into nine categories were developed from laboratory studies in an attempt to refine the classification system used in field assessment work. These criteria were based on characteristics of the attachment site that could be identified under field conditions by unaided visual means and by touching the attachment site. Healing of these marks was somewhat variable and was influenced by the size of lamprey, duration of attachment, severity of the wound at lamprey detachment, season and water temperature, and by other less obvious factors. Even under laboratory conditions staging of some wounds was difficult, especially at low water temperatures. If these criteria are to be used effectively and with precision in the field, close examination of individual fish may be required. If the feeding and density of specific year-classes of sea lampreys are to be accurately assessed on an annual basis, close attention to the wound size (as it reflects the size of the lamprey's oral disc) and character of wounds on fish will be required as well as consideration of the season of the year in which they are observed.Key words: sea lamprey, attack marks, lake trout, Great Lakes

Influence of Water Temperature on the Growth Rate of the Landlocked Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and the Associated Rate of Host Mortality

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Farmer ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish ◽  
P. F. Lett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Instantaneous Growth ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Host Mortality

Groups of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) of 10–90 g initial weight were held at temperatures of 1–20 °C for 30 days and allowed to feed ad lib. on white suckers (Catostomus commersoni). Increases in water temperature and in lamprey size caused the rate of host mortality to increase in agreement with observations that mortality in the Great Lakes is seasonal. Instantaneous growth rates were maximal at 20 °C for lampreys of 10–30 g, the optimal temperature for growth shifting to 15 °C for larger lampreys of 30–90 g. Growth rates were intermediate at 10 °C and lowest at 4 °C for lampreys of all size. Accordingly, host mortality increased with temperature over the 4–20 °C range. At all experimental temperatures, increases in lamprey weight were accompanied by an exponential decline in instantaneous growth rates, a phenomenon also observed for teleosts. Laboratory growth rates at temperatures of 5–15 °C were comparable to rates observed for lampreys in Lake Huron between April and November and agree with the observation that lampreys feed in deeper waters between April and June before moving to warmer, shallower waters during the summer when growth rate increases. Key words: sea lamprey, white sucker, host, temperature, growth, Great Lakes, mortality

Olfactory-mediated stream-finding behavior of migratory adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance A. Vrieze ◽  
Roger A. Bergstedt ◽  
Peter W. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
River Water ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Novel Strategy

Stream-finding behavior of adult sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ), an anadromous fish that relies on pheromones to locate spawning streams, was documented in the vicinity of an important spawning river in the Great Lakes. Untreated and anosmic migrating sea lampreys were implanted with acoustic transmitters and then released outside the Ocqueoc River. Lampreys swam only at night and then actively. When outside of the river plume, lampreys pursued relatively straight bearings parallel to the shoreline while making frequent vertical excursions. In contrast, when within the plume, lampreys made large turns and exhibited a weak bias towards the river mouth, which one-third of them entered. The behavior of anosmic lampreys resembled that of untreated lampreys outside of the plume, except they pursued a more northerly compass bearing. To locate streams, sea lampreys appear to employ a three-phase odor-mediated strategy that involves an initial search along shorelines while casting vertically, followed by river-water-induced turning that brings them close to the river’s mouth, which they then enter using rheotaxis. This novel strategy differs from that of salmonids and appears to offer this poor swimmer adaptive flexibility and suggests ways that pheromonal odors might be used to manage this invasive species.

Effects of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Control in the Great Lakes on Aquatic Plants, Invertebrates, and Amphibians

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1895-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Gllderhus ◽  
B. G. H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Sea Lampreys

The chemicals 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) or a combination of TFM and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) have been used to control the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes for about 20 yr. These chemicals cause some mortalities of Oligochaeta and Hirudinea, immature forms of Ephemeroptera (Hexagenia sp.), and certain Trichoptera, Simuliidae, and Amphibia (Necturus sp.). The combination of TFM and Bayer 73 may affect some Pelecypoda and Gastropoda, but its overall effects on invertebrates are probably less than those of TFM alone. Granular Bayer 73 is likely to induce mortalities among oligochaetes, microcrustaceans, chironomids, and pelecypods. No evidence exists that the lampricides have caused the catastrophic decline or disappearance of any species. The overall impact of chemical control of sea lampreys on aquatic communities has been minor compared with the benefits derived.Key words: sea lamprey control, Great Lakes, TFM, Bayer 73, aquatic plants, invertebrates, amphibians

A deathly odor suggests a new sustainable tool for controlling a costly invasive species

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael Wagner ◽  
Eric M. Stroud ◽  
Trevor D. Meckley
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Here we confirm a long-standing anecdotal observation; the sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) actively avoids the odor emitted by decaying conspecifics. We extracted the semiochemical mixture produced by the putrefying carcasses of sea lampreys via Soxhlet extraction in ethanol and exposed groups of 10 migratory-phase lampreys to either the putrefaction extract (N = 8) or an ethanol control (N = 8) in a laboratory raceway. Sea lampreys rapidly avoided the putrefaction odor while exhibiting no response to the ethanol control. This response was elicited with a diluted mixture (1:373 000) and was maintained for 40 min (the duration of exposure), after which the lampreys quickly returned to their nominal distribution. The ease with which this odor is obtained, and the rapid and consistent behavioral response, suggests the substance will prove useful as a repellent in the sea lamprey control program carried out in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

Interactions between Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and their Forage Base. A Report from the SUS Stock Effects Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Finger Lakes ◽  
Forage Base

A task force of participants convened during the course of the Sea Lamprey International Symposium considered the implications, for management of Great Lakes fisheries, of information provided about known interactions between feeding sea lampreys and the stocks of fish on which they prey. A weighted series of recommendations identified the need for more information or for changes in management practice.Key words: sea lamprey, Great Lakes, Finger Lakes, fishery management, stock concept

Growth potential and host mortality of the parasitic phase of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Superior

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2343-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C Jorgensen ◽  
James F Kitchell
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Host Mortality

Landlocked Lake Superior sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) cause a significant but uncertain amount of mortality on host species. We used a sea lamprey bioenergetics model to examine the scope of host sizes vulnerable to death as a consequence of sea lamprey feeding and incorporated the bimodal lake-ward migration of parasitic sea lampreys. At their peak feeding rate and maximum size (P = 1.0, proportion of maximum consumption), spring migrants were capable of killing lean lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) hosts ≤ 2.0 kg, which was larger than fall migrants (1.8 kg). Spring migrants feeding on Pacific salmon (coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)) killed hosts ≤ 2.0 kg, but fall migrants killed hosts as large as 2.8 kg. Although there is no direct empirical evidence, bioenergetics modeling suggests that it is plausible that some of the largest sea lampreys in Lake Superior spent more than one summer as parasites. Two-summer parasites readily attained sizes of sea-run adult anadromous sea lampreys and killed hosts from 3 to >5.5 kg in size. The maximum upper limit number of 2-kg hosts killed by two-summer parasites was nearly twice that of one-summer parasites.

PARASITE FAUNA OF THE SEA LAMPREY (PETROMYZON MARINUS VON LINNÉ) IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Wilson ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
First Time

Seven hundred and fifteen adult sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus von Linné) from four streams tributary to Lake Huron and five offshore samples from the Manitoulin Island – Bruce Peninsula area, were examined for parasites.Dissection and microscopic examination revealed the presence of eight parasite species. Cucullanus stelmioides Vessichelli, 1910 is recorded for the first time both as a parasite of P. marinus and from North American waters. Ergasilus caeruleus Wilson, 1911, Anodontoides ferussacianus Lea. 1834, Diplostomum huronense (La Rue 1927), Plagioporus lepomis Dobrovolny, 1939 are all recorded for the first time as parasites of P. marinus. Echinorhynchus salmonis Müller, 1784, Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868, and Proteocephalus sp. are redescribed as parasites of the sea lamprey.

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