Factors Controlling Oxygen Depletion in Ice-Covered Lakes

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Mathias ◽  
Jan Barica
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Lake Management ◽  
Eddy Diffusion ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Basin Morphometry ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Prairie Lakes

Winter oxygen depletion rates from four sets of Canadian lakes (prairie, southeastern Ontario, Arctic, and Experimental Lakes Area) differing in morphometry and trophic state, were analyzed. An inverse relationship was found between oxygen depletion rate and mean depth. The effect of lake trophic status on oxygen depletion rate was demonstrable after the influence of basin morphometry was removed by regression of oxygen depletion rate against the sediment area: lake volume ratio. The sediments of eutrophic lakes consumed oxygen about 3 times faster (0.23 g∙m−2∙d−1) than those of oligotrophic lakes (0.08 g∙m−2∙d−1), but water column respiration was about the same (0.01 g∙m−3∙d−1) for both groups of lakes. Data from prairie lakes showed that the winter oxygen consumption was limited by oxygen supply below an average whole-lake oxygen concentration of 3.8 mg∙L−1. The rate of eddy diffusion near the sediments in ice-covered prairie lakes was 3.72 ± 1.41 × 10−3 cm2∙s−1. Implications for lake management during the winter are discussed.Key words: oxygen, depletion, respiration, lakes, ice-covered, winter, sediments, model, consumption

Influence of restoration methods on the longevity of changes in the thermal and oxygen dynamics of a degraded lake

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Grochowska ◽  
Renata Brzozowska ◽  
Michał Łopata ◽  
Julita Dunalska
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Artificial Circulation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Inactivation ◽  
The City ◽  
Oxygen Dynamics ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

AbstractThe study was conducted on Lake Długie, located in the city of Olsztyn, which for 20 years received raw domestic sewage (400 m3 per day). After preliminary conservation operations, the lake was restored by artificial circulation and phosphorus inactivation methods. During artificial circulation, water temperature in the whole lake volume was equalized. The disconnection of the compressor stimulated the return to typical thermal parameters in the lake. Phosphorus inactivation did not affect the thermal regime in the lake. Artificial circulation caused an increase in the oxygen content in the whole lake, lowered the oxygen-depletion rate during stagnation, and shortened the duration of anaerobic conditions in the near-bottom waters. Phosphorus inactivation did not directly affect the content of oxygen. However, after the coagulant was added to the lake, the oxygenation of the water was further improved owing to the depressed photosynthesis caused by drastically reduced availability of phosphate for primary producers.

Alveolar oxygen partial pressure and oxygen depletion rate mapping in rats using3He ventilation imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cieślar ◽  
Vasile Stupar ◽  
Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas ◽  
Sophie Gaillard ◽  
Yannick Crémillieux
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Ventilation Imaging ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Alveolar Oxygen

Relationship Between Thermal Stability and Summer Oxygen Depletion in a Prairie Pothole Lake

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Papst ◽  
J. A. Mathias ◽  
J. Barica
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Thermal Instability ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Prairie Lakes

Periods of summer oxygen depletion (summerkill), occurring in shallow prairie lakes, are dependent on the collapse of algae blooms but are not an obligatory result of the collapse. A period of thermal instability following this bloom collapse, or coincidental with it, is a necessary requirement. Wind stress and night-time air temperature are the principal factors determining the degree of thermal stability. These findings explain the speed with which oxygen depletion can occur, that the occurrence of algal biomass collapses without severe oxygen depletion (partial collapses), and the correlation between the occurrence of periods of lake oxygen depletion and changing weather conditions.Key words: lake, summerkill, anoxia, mixing, oxygen depletion, thermal stability, weather, Aphanizomenon

scholarly journals Batch Syngas Fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans for Production of Acids and Alcohols

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lanzillo ◽  
Giacomo Ruggiero ◽  
Francesca Raganati ◽  
Maria Elena Russo ◽  
Antonio Marzocchella
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Syngas Fermentation ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Clostridium Carboxidivorans ◽  
Kinetics Of

Syngas (CO, CO2, and H2) has attracted special attention due to the double benefit of syngas fermentation for carbon sequestration (pollution reduction), while generating energy. Syngas can be either produced by gasification of biomasses or as a by-product of industrial processes. Only few microorganisms, mainly clostridia, were identified as capable of using syngas as a substrate to produce medium chain acids, or alcohols (such as butyric acid, butanol, hexanoic acid, and hexanol). Since CO plays a critical role in the availability of reducing equivalents and carbon conversion, this work assessed the effects of constant CO partial pressure (PCO), ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 atm, on cell growth, acid production, and solvent production, using Clostridium carboxidivorans. Moreover, this work focused on the effect of the liquid to gas volume ratio (VL/VG) on fermentation performances; in particular, two VL/VG were considered (0.28 and 0.92). The main results included—(a) PCO affected the growth kinetics of the microorganism; indeed, C. carboxidivorans growth rate was characterized by CO inhibition within the investigated range of CO concentration, and the optimal PCO was 1.1 atm (corresponding to a dissolved CO concentration of about 25 mg/L) for both VL/VG used; (b) growth differences were observed when the gas-to-liquid volume ratio changed; mass transport phenomena did not control the CO uptake for VL/VG = 0.28; on the contrary, the experimental CO depletion rate was about equal to the transport rate in the case of VL/VG = 0.92.

scholarly journals Environmental and climatic factors affecting winter hypoxia in a freshwater lake: evidence for a hypoxia refuge and for re-oxygenation prior to spring ice loss

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 847 (19) ◽  
pp. 3983-3997
Author(s):  
Michael N. Davis ◽  
Thomas E. McMahon ◽  
Kyle A. Cutting ◽  
Matthew E. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Rock Lake

Abstract Low dissolved oxygen, or hypoxia, is a common phenomenon in ice-covered lakes in winter. We measured dissolved oxygen (DO) before, during, and after ice-over to characterize the timing, severity, and spatial variability of winter hypoxia in Upper Red Rock Lake, Montana, home to one of the last remaining lacustrine populations of endemic Montana Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus). Unlike most previous investigations of winterkill-prone lakes, we observed considerable horizontal spatial variability in DO, a non-linear winter oxygen depletion rate, and lake-wide re-oxygenation 2–4 weeks prior to spring ice loss. Parts of the upper 1 m of the lake and near stream mouths remained well-oxygenated even during late winter. DO levels were strongly associated with maximum daily air temperature. Our analysis of a 28-year weather record revealed large interannual variability in risk of winter hypoxia, with a slight declining trend in winter severity (number of days with maximum air temperatures ≤ 0°C) in Upper Red Rock Lake. The approach we used in our study provides a useful framework for quantifying and mapping the seasonal dynamics of the extent and severity of winter hypoxia, and for identifying critical winter habitats.

scholarly journals Impact of Lake Morphology and Shallowing on the Rate of Overgrowth in Hard-Water Eutrophic Lakes

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Lawniczak-Malińska ◽  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Sofia Celewicz ◽  
Adam Choiński
Keyword(s):  
Hard Water ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Lake Morphology ◽  
West Part ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooming

Lake disappearance is one of the results of water eutrophication which leads to lake shallowing and overgrowth, and small and shallow lakes are the most threatened with degradation. We studied the effect of lake shallowing on its overgrowth, taking into account the morphometric parameters of water bodies. The study was performed in 20 lakes located in the central west part of Poland. The degree of lake shallowing was evaluated on the basis of bathymetric maps made in the 1960s and studies carried out presently. Additionally, an analysis of littoral coverage and macrophyte growth forms was investigated. Moreover, the composition, intensity of phytoplankton blooming, and physico-chemical parameters of the lake water were analyzed. Redundancy analysis shows that the lake volume, average depth, shallowing rate, and change in volume were the parameters that most strongly correlated with the share of macrophytes in the lakes. According to the regression analysis, the share of emergent macrophytes was significantly correlated with lake shallowing. No relation was found between phytoplankton blooming and lake shallowing. Conversely, the lakes with the highest rate of shallowing were characterized by the greatest share of vegetation, which suggested that vegetation growth had a significant impact on lake shallowing.

The distribution of phytoplankton along trophic gradients and its mediation by available light in the pelagic zone of large eutrophic lakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Xiaoli Shi ◽  
Fanxiang Kong
Keyword(s):  
Lake Management ◽  
Pelagic Zone ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

We describe the pattern and the principal factors affecting the phytoplankton biomass–nutrient relationship in the pelagic zone of large lakes. The results showed that the phytoplankton abundance and biomass of Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta, and Pyrrophyta were significantly correlated with trophic states. The total phosphorus (TP)–biomass relationship curves showed that the increment of biomass with TP is weak at high TP levels. The decrease in biomass at the high end of the curves might be a synthesis of the pattern of responses of the major taxonomic groups (except cyanobacteria) to environmental variables. Light limitation might be one of the important factors causing the decrease in the TP–biomass curve at high TP concentrations. If the mean underwater available light is lower than ∼250 µmol photons·m–2·s–1, clear-water species decline and cyanobacteria become dominant. The responses to available light of these key species play a central role in modulating the biomass–nutrient relationship. Our results contribute to the understanding of this relationship in the pelagic zone of large eutrophic lakes and have important practical implications for lake management.

Light, Temperature, and Oxygen Regimes of Selected Lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Secchi Disc ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Visible Wavelengths ◽  
Heat Budgets ◽  
Subsurface Light

Light was measured in several Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) lakes in 1968 and 1969, using a Secchi disc, a standard photometer (cadmium sulfide cell), and a 16-channel spectroradiometer. The results of some checks upon the standard procedure usually used for making subsurface light measurements are presented. Light penetration at several wavelengths and total energy flux at several depths are given for a number of lakes. Oxygen and temperature isopleths, winter rates of oxygen depletion, annual heat budgets, and data on work of the wind are also presented. Vertical extinction coefficients (average of all visible wavelengths) ranged from 0.285 for lake 161 to 1.732 for lake 227, and Secchi disc visibility from 1.2 to 10.1 m. The wavelength of maximum transmittance shifted toward long wavelengths, as expected, when transmission coefficients and Secchi disc visibility decreased.Annual heat budgets ranged from 8400 to 24,200 cal/cm2. From 3700 to 16,000 cal/cm2 of this were summer heat income. Summer and annual heat budgets were larger for larger lakes. Annual and summer heat incomes were related to mean depth, surface area, and volume of the lakes by simple linear regression equations.The work of the wind and its efficiency in distributing summer heat income are discussed. The depth of the thermocline in ELA lakes was set early in the year, and did not change during the summer until well after the lake had reached maximum heat content. The temperature of the epilimnion followed the mean daily air temperature closely during the summer though remaining several degrees higher, probably as the result of radiant heating. It is concluded that wind work calculated by Birge's method (Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 18: 341–391, 1916) is of little value, unless corrections for back-radiation and evaporation can be made.Rates of oxygen depletion under ice were compared in several lakes. Values ranged from 15.0 to 73.8 mg O2/m3∙day and from 36 to 253 mg O2/m2∙day.

Sedimentary phosphorus speciation dynamics following artificial eutrophication of Lake 227, Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O'Connell ◽  
Nienke Ansems ◽  
Ravi Kukkadapu ◽  
Deb jaisi ◽  
Diane orihel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Internal P Loading ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
Artificial Fertilization ◽  
Total P

<p>Stringent environmental policies in many countries have played an extensive role in reducing external phosphorus (P) loading to lakes from agriculture and urban sources. Nonetheless, such reductions in external P loading to many eutrophic lakes have not resulted in the expected concurrent restitution of water quality. Such a delayed recovery of many lakes is blamed both on internal loading of legacy P from lake sediments (i.e., benthic recycling) and the amplification of such internal P loading processes due to the reduction in external P concentrations. Hence, a detailed process understanding of P cycling at the sediment-water interface (SWI) is critical to understand nutrient loading, water quality and associated effects on lake water quality. Much of the work on sedimentary P cycling has traditionally focused on inorganic processes of soluble phosphate, particularly sorption to metals (Fe, Mn, Al) oxyhydroxides and clays. However, there is increasing recognition that organic forms of P, along with interactions between phosphate and humic substances, also play a decisive role in controlling P fluxes between sediments and the overlying water column.</p><p>This study focused on gaining further understanding of the such processes through the collection of sediment cores from the oxygenated epilimnion and the mostly anoxic hypolimnion of Lake 227 of the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in Ontario, Canada. Since 1969, this unique experimental lake has been fertilized with phosphorus (P), which triggered a relatively rapid trophic transition from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. The cores contain a chronological record of changes in sediment burial rates and sediment P speciation across this trophic transition.</p><p>Interpretation of such changes was undertaken by coupling results of chemical extractions with <sup>210</sup>Pb sediment dating, <sup>31</sup>P NMR, XANES and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The major sedimentary P fraction prior to lake enrichment starting in 1969 was organic P (P<sub>Org</sub>). Fertilization of the lake in 1969 coincided with significant increases in the accumulation rate of sediment, total organic carbon (TOC) and total P (TP), in addition to a marked relative contribution of NaHCO<sub>3</sub> extractable P. The combined proportion of P<sub>Hum</sub> and P<sub>Org</sub> desposited since artificial fertilization in 1969 account for ≥70% of total P burial in the sediments. The anticipated composition of such P<sub>Hum</sub> fractions was hypothesized to be ternary phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub>) complexes with humic substances. In support of this, the strong linear correlation between P and iron (Fe) extracted by NaHCO<sub>3</sub> implies a close association of the two elements in the humic fraction. Furthermore, XANES and Mössbauer spectra indicate that most Fe in the post-1969 sediments is conserved in the +3 oxidation state, which may be ascribed to the stabilization of reducible Fe by organic matter, partially due to the formation of ternary PO<sub>4</sub>-Fe(III)-humic complexes. Our findings suggest the artificial eutrophication of Lake 227 resulted in the accelerated accumulation of a large sedimentary reservoir of reactive sediment P that may drive continued internal P loading to the water column following the cessation of artificial fertilization. </p><p><strong> </strong></p>

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