Association and Feeding Relationships Between Eogammarus confervicolus (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) and Benthic Algae on Sturgeon and Roberts Banks, Fraser River Estuary

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Pomeroy ◽  
C. D. Levings
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Gammarid Amphipod ◽  
Enteromorpha Linza ◽  
Eogammarus Confervicolus

Field and laboratory studies of the feeding and association of the gammarid amphipod Eogammarus confervicolus with algae and vascular plant debris were conducted on jetties, marshes, and sandflats at the Fraser River Estuary. Associations with Prasiola meridionalis (alga), and debris from Carex lyngbyei (vascular plant) were statistically significant. Vascular plant debris was more widespread in winter (January) compared to a summer survey (August). Laboratory growth rates and survival varied with food types, which were ranked (best to worst) as follows: Enteromorpha linza, Pylaiella littoralis, Porphyra spp., Navicula grevillei, Carex lyngbyei debris and Ulva lactuca. Assimilation efficiencies, measured with gravimetric and radioisotope techniques (14C) ranged from about 78% with P. littoralis to 62% with U. lactuca. Construction of jetties could increase the surface area for algal growth, but there would be no appreciable enhancement of primary production compared to a natural marsh/sandflat ecosystem.Key words: Crustacea, Eogammarus confervicolus, benthic algae, Fraser Estuary, intertidal distribution, feeding, ecological associations, engineering structures

The biology and energetics of Eogammarus confervicolus (Stimpson) (Amphipoda, Anisogammaridae) at the Squamish River Estuary, B.C.

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1652-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Levings
Keyword(s):  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Gammarid Amphipod ◽  
Fucus Distichus ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Enteromorpha Linza ◽  
Eogammarus Confervicolus ◽  
Cover Material ◽  
Pilayella Littoralis

Data on the biology and energetics of the gammarid amphipod Eogammarus confervicolus (Stimpson) are presented from the Squamish River estuary in southwestern British Columbia. At low tide, E. confervicolus was most abundant under cover material, especially sedge rhizomes (Carex lyngbyei) and rockweed (Fucus distichus). Maximum biomass was observed in spring under the sedge mat (16.1 g dry weight m−2) and rockweed (16.8 g dry weight m−2). The minimum sized female bearing eggs was observed to be approximately 7 mm and egg number ranged up to 75. Incubation time (10 °C, 15‰) was 17 days. In 2 years of data, mature females were most abundant in samples from October to December and July to August. Oxygen consumption rates at 5 and 10 °C were lowest in fresh water and increased with higher salinities. At 15 °C, lower salinities increased consumption rates. Net growth efficiency (K2) was calculated from growth rates on four diets used in a previous study and for respiration under prevailing environmental conditions. The following are ranked diets: Enteromorpha linza (51.2%), Pilayella littoralis (44.2%), Navicula spp. (42.7%), and Carex lyngbyei debris (22.4%). The central sector of the estuary showed the highest K2 values when averaged over diets (53.2%).

Lithostratigraphy of the Kweekvlei Formation (Witteberg Group), Cape Supergroup

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Browning ◽  
M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Fossil Assemblage ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Storm Wave

AbstractThe Lower Carboniferous, probably Tournaisian, Kweekvlei Formation is part of the Witteberg Group (Cape Supergroup) of South Africa. Together with the overlying Floriskraal Formation, it forms an upward-coarsening succession within the Lake Mentz Subgroup. Sedimentary features of the Kweekvlei Formation suggest deposition in a storm-wave dominated marine setting, within the storm-influenced, distal part of an offshore transition zone environment. This predominantly argillaceous formation preserves a low diversity trace fossil assemblage. Reworked vascular plant debris (including the problematic genus Praeramunculus sp.) and a shark spine have been reported for the Kweekvlei Formation. There are no known stratigraphic equivalents in South Africa.

Sources of Chlorophenolic Compounds to the Fraser River Estuary

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Carey ◽  
J. H. Hart
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Main River

Abstract The identity and concentrations of chlorophenolic compounds in the Fraser River estuary were determined under conditions of high and low river flow at three sites: a site upstream from the trifurcation and at downstream sites for each main river arm. Major chlorophenolics present under both flow regimes were 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TeCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG) and a compound tentatively identified as 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol (3,4,5-TCG). Under high flow conditions, concentrations of the guaiacols were higher than any of the Chlorophenols and concentrations of all five chlorophenolics appeared to correlate. Under low flow conditions, concentrations of chloroguaiacols were higher than Chlorophenols at the upstream site and at the downstream site on the Main Arm, whereas at the downstream site on the North Arm, concentrations of 2,3,4,6-TeCP and PCP were higher than the chloroguaiacols in some samples. Overall, the results indicate that pulp mills upstream from the estuary are important sources of chlorophenolics to the estuary under all flow conditions. Additional episodic inputs of 2,3,4,6-TeCP and PCP from lumber mills occur along the North Arm. When these inputs occur, they can cause the concentrations of Chlorophenols in the North Arm to exceed provisional objectives. If chloroguaiacols are included as part of the objective, concentrations of total chlorophenolics in water entering the estuary can approach and exceed these objectives, especially under low flow conditions.

scholarly journals SITE FIDELITY AND LOCAL MOVEMENTS OF MIGRATING WESTERN SANDPIPERS ON THE FRASER RIVER ESTUARY

2002 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT W. BUTLER ◽  
PHILIPPA C. F. SHEPHERD ◽  
MOIRA J. F. LEMON
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Western Sandpipers

Pollution in the Strait of Georgia: a Review

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1142-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Waldichuk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Spring Freshet

The Strait of Georgia, when considered as a whole, is still comparatively free of major pollution problems. Local environmental degradation has taken place, however, in waters on the periphery of the Strait, adjacent to urban communities and industries, such as pulp mills. The Fraser River, which is the major source of freshwater to the Strait, introduces natural and man-made materials that can adversely affect its estuary and the marine environment. The Strait of Georgia is flushed regularly, with deep waters being replaced about annually and waters in the upper layer having a considerably shorter residence time. Buildup of pollutants or their effects, e.g. oxygen depletion, are prevented in this way. However, there is refluxing of surface waters into the deep zone from the mixing region at the southern entrance to the Strait, and this means that surface pollutants such as oil could pollute the deep water and be retained there for up to a year. Problems affecting fisheries have been identified at the Fraser River Estuary arising from discharge of sewage treatment plant effluent. The major problem of pollution affecting fisheries in the Strait of Georgia has been bacteriological contamination from sewage, which has necessitated the closure of shellfish beds. The quality of oysters, as represented by condition factor and flavor, has deteriorated in the vicinity of some pulp mills. Evidence so far indicates that the "critical pollutants," e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, organochlorines, and metals, which are persistent, toxic, and can be bioaccumulated by marine organisms, are present in low concentrations in the water, sediments, and biota away from the Fraser River Estuary. Wood wastes in the Strait of Georgia create a menace to navigation, especially during the spring freshet of the Fraser River.

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