Metals in the Molluscan Kidney: A Comparison of Two Closely Related Bivalve Species (Argopecten), Using X-Ray Microanalysis and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Carmichael ◽  
K. S. Squibb ◽  
B. A. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Base Line ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Trace Metal Content ◽  
Apical Vacuole

The kidney epithelial cells of Argopecten irradians contain concretions that occur within an apical vacuole in these cells and that have been analyzed in situ by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Pellets of these concretions prepared from A. irradians and A. gibbus were compared by X-ray microanalysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry; calcium and phosphorus were the major elements present in both species, but A. irradians contained higher amounts of magnesium and lower amounts of manganese and zinc than A. gibbus when expressed relative to calcium content. However, A. gibbus contained a smaller proportion of calcium by weight than A. irradians, and A. gibbus contained much higher levels of Cd, Cu, and Cr than A. irradians. The trace metal content of scallop kidney concretions may be a sensitive monitor of marine metal contamination provided that sufficient base line data are collected and individual, species, seasonal, and geographical variability are taken into account. Key words: bivalvia, kidney, metals, analysis, calcification, morphology

Extraction and Atomic Absorption Analysis of Lead in Plant and Animal Products

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L Hoover ◽  
John C Reagor ◽  
Julianne C Garner
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
High Calcium

Abstract Samples of plant or animal tissue are digested in a mixture of HNO3, H2SO4, and HClO4. Lead released in the digestion is entrained with strontium sulfate. The sulfate precipitate is separated from the digest and then converted to the carbonate by agitation with ammonium carbonate solution. The carbonate precipitate is dissolved in 1N HNO3, and lead is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Good recovery of lead (100 ± 3%) was observed except in samples with high calcium content (> 1%). For the latter samples, good recoveries were obtained after separation of the calcium from the digested samples. Moderate quantities of the following elements do not interfere: Al, Fe, P, Sn, Ca, Bi, and Tl. Most elements are soluble as sulfates and, hence, do not interfere. The procedure is rugged. Dry samples containing from 0.5 ppm to 1% lead can be routinely analyzed.

Lead in the Bones of Prehistoric Lead-glaze Potters

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Jarcho
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Control Series ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Lead Glaze

AbstractIn 1932 Haury described lead-glaze pottery from the Southwest. In view of his report, it appeared desirable to find out whether the makers of such pottery suffered from lead poisoning. A series of 46 bone specimens from Kinishba, where lead-glaze pottery was made, and a control series of 33 specimens from Point of Pines, where such pottery is not known to have been made, were screened by X-ray and by X-ray diffraction. The 11 most promising specimens were then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Lead was found in quantities believed to be below the toxic range; concentrations in the control series from Point of Pines were, with few exceptions, higher than in the experimental series from Kinishba.

Chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses in tills of southern Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
Q. H. J. Gwyn ◽  
B. J. Fryer ◽  
A. Dreimanis ◽  
A. M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Cell Parameter ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Provenance Studies

The ratio of red to purple garnets found in tills in the eastern Great Lakes area has been very useful in stratigraphic and provenance studies of the tills. In an attempt to determine the basis of the color difference, and to supplement the colour differences by more objective criteria in till studies, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, atomic absorption, and microprobe analyses were made. X-ray diffraction analyses show a consistent difference in the cell parameter of 0.05 Å (0.005 nm) or more between the two groups. Microprobe analyses of major elements indicate that the calcium and calculated ferric iron contents are higher and magnesium is lower in dark red garnets than in purple garnets. Bulk analyses of minor and trace elements by X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption of different colour groups show distinct differences in rare-earth element patterns and manganese, which is eight times more abundant in the dark red garnets.

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