Responses and Adjustments of Foreign Fleets to Controls Imposed by Coastal Nations

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-810
Author(s):  
Wlodzimierz Kaczynski
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Fishery Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Distant Water Fishing

Foreign distant-water fishing fleets expanded quickly during the last 15 yr and in some ocean areas accounted for a larger portion of the coastal fishery resources harvest than neighboring coastal nations. Extention of national jurisdiction sharply decreased these activities. Catch and fishing effort limitations imposed by coastal states were of particular concern for foreign fleets. To attenuate adverse effects of these restrictions, distant-water fishing operators are considering three basic and mutually complementing solutions: better utilization of their own coastal resources until now frequently neglected, shifting a part of their fleets to the open ocean fishing operations, and continuing highly restricted and reorganized fisheries in coastal zones of other nations. Fishing activities within the 200-mile economic zone involve utilization of surplus quotas allocated by coastal states, quicker development of joint venture operations with coastal partners, increased purchases of fresh fish from local fishermen, and transfer of technology and know-how mainly to the developing coastal countries. Supplies of goods and services are also accepted by foreign fleets in exchange for access rights to the marine living resources of the coastal nations.However, all these adjustments of foreign fleets are considered an intermediate stage of the long-run trend in which the coastal state will be able to develop the resources without substantial participation of foreign fishermen. This trend is analyzed in the North Pacific distant-water fisheries development during recent years. Key words: distant-water fishing fleets, world fisheries, foreign fishery activities, 200-mile economic zone, marine fishery resources utilization, management of foreign fleets, quota allocations, North Pacific marine fisheries

scholarly journals Predicted hotspots of overlap between highly migratory fishes and industrial fishing fleets in the northeast Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaau3761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. White ◽  
Francesco Ferretti ◽  
David A. Kroodsma ◽  
Elliott L. Hazen ◽  
Aaron B. Carlisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Pelagic Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Electronic Tags ◽  
High Seas

Many species of sharks and some tunas are threatened by overexploitation, yet the degree of overlap between industrial fisheries and pelagic fishes remains poorly understood. Using satellite tracks from 933 industrial fishing vessels and predictive habitat models from 876 electronic tags deployed on seven shark and tuna species, we developed fishing effort maps across the northeast Pacific Ocean and assessed overlap with core habitats of pelagic fishes. Up to 35% of species’ core habitats overlapped with fishing effort. We identified overlap hotspots along the North American shelf, the equatorial Pacific, and the subtropical gyre. Results indicate where species require international conservation efforts and effective management within national waters. Only five national fleets (Mexico, Taiwan, China, Japan, and the United States) account for >90% of overlap with core habitats of our focal sharks and tunas on the high seas. These results inform global negotiations to achieve sustainability on the high seas.

scholarly journals Competitive interactions between two fishing fleets in the North Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1485-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas Sys ◽  
Jan Jaap Poos ◽  
Jef Van Meensel ◽  
Hans Polet ◽  
Jeroen Buysse
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Southern Bight ◽  
The North ◽  
Solea Solea ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Logbook Data

Abstract We examine whether the landing rates of Belgian beam trawlers in the Southern Bight of the North Sea were affected through competitive interactions with the Dutch beam trawler fleet and whether the development of a pulse trawler fleet has altered competitive interactions between both fleets. Effects of competition were investigated through a natural experiment based on the different weekly exploitation patterns of both fleets. Logbook data were used to fit a generalized additive mixed model for the daily landing rates of the target species sole (Solea solea) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Results showed that landing rates of sole by the Belgian beam trawlers (>221 kW) from 2006 to 2013 were lower during weekdays than during weekends when the Dutch trawler fleet is in harbour, while no such an effect was found for plaice. After the development of a pulse trawler fleet in 2011, the negative weekday effect in the sole landing rates was much more pronounced in 2012 and 2013. This increased loss of efficiency during weekdays, as a result of increased competition with the Dutch trawler fleet, coincided with a reallocation of fishing effort by the Belgian beam trawler fleet.

scholarly journals Using AMOEBAs to display multispecies, multifleet fisheries advice

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Henrik Gislason ◽  
Morten Vinther
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Response Surface Model ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Fishing Fleets

Abstract In multispecies fish communities, predation levels change dynamically in response to changes in the abundance of predator and prey species, as influenced by the fisheries that exploit them. In addition to community-level metrics, it remains necessary to track the abundance of each species relative to its biological reference point. In situations with many interacting species, exploited by multiple fishing fleets, it can be complicated to illustrate how the effort of each fleet will affect the abundance of each species. We have adapted the AMOEBA approach to graph the reference levels of multiple interacting species exploited by multiple fleets. This method is illustrated with 10 species and eight fishing fleets in the North Sea. We fit a relatively simple response-surface model to the predictions of a fully age-structured multispecies model. The response-surface model links the AMOEBA for fishing effort to separate AMOEBAs for spawning stock biomass, fishing mortality, and yield. Ordination is used to give the shape of the AMOEBAs functional meaning by relating fish species to the fleets that catch them. The aim is to present the results of dynamic multispecies models in a format that can be readily understood by decision makers. Interactive versions of the AMOEBAs can be used to identify desirable combinations of effort levels and to test the compatibility of the set of single-species biological reference points.

Intra-seasonal and inter-annual patterns in the demographics of sand lance and response to environmental drivers in the North Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 617-618 ◽  
pp. 221-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Baker ◽  
ME Matta ◽  
M Beaulieu ◽  
N Paris ◽  
S Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Annual Patterns
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