Contribution of Life History Information to Taxonomy of Aquatic Insects

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
History Information ◽  
Character Evaluation

Life history studies may contribute to taxonomy by providing corroborative or clarifying data about existing taxonomic systems or may suggest reevaluation. Specifically, life history studies may provide information on the presence or absence of reproductive isolation, associated life stages, monospecific specimens, specimens for character evaluation, and a forum where ecologists and taxonomists may interact. Key words: taxonomy, life histories, benthos, reproductive isolation, life stages, character evaluation

Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders

Zootaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3985 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-348
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. W. COCK ◽  
T. COLIN E. CONGDON ◽  
STEVE C. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of

The Afrotropical genera Gamia and Artitropa are only known to feed on species of Dracaena (Asparagaceae), and together with Leona lissa Evans, which may require a new genus, they are the only Afrotropical Hesperiidae that feed on this unusual host genus. We present partial life histories of two species of Gamia, 22 taxa of Artitropa (of at least 12 species, and including several undescribed taxa), and notes on the life history of L. lissa. Based on life history information, Gamia and Artitropa are considered likely to form a monophyletic group, probably most closely related to some of the palm-feeding genera currently placed incertae sedis, but formerly in Evans’ 1937 Ploetzia group of genera. Notes on natural enemies of A. erinnys (Trimen) and A. milleri Evans are included. 

Benthic Life Histories: Summary and Future Needs

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Methods ◽  
Key Words Life History

The symposium indicated many ways in which greater knowledge of benthic life histories can be used to develop and improve techniques such as sampling, taxonomic methods, and bioassays. Benthic organisms' diet and physical environment, factors variable in nature, were shown to be capable of modifying certain life history features such as growth rate and voltinism. The lack of accumulated life history data and the need to tailor sampling schedules to life history events were commonly identified elements in the symposium. Future research needs included (1) basic data on benthic life history, (2) improved taxonomy of immature benthic invertebrates, and (3) understanding the entire life history of an organism in relation to the seasonal progression of its environment. Management implications of benthic life history information included more applicable data from long-term bioassays on all life history stages, and improved management of stream fisheries through habitat alteration to manipulate benthic production. Key words: life history, benthos, symposium

scholarly journals There and back again: Spatial and temporal variation in the recruitment dynamics of an amphidromous fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Conor Stewart Bruce Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Quality

<p>A primary goal of ecology is to identify the factors underlying recruitment variability, and how they may shape population dynamics. Recruitment is driven by the input of new individuals into a population. However, these individuals often show high diversity in phenotypic traits and life histories, and the consequences of this variation are poorly understood. Phenotypic variation is widespread among the early life stages of fish, and this variation may be influenced by events occurring across multiple life stages. While many studies have investigated phenotypic variation and its effect on population dynamics, comparatively few studies use an integrated approach that evaluates patterns and processes across multiple life history stages. Here I focus on a native amphidromous fish, Galaxias maculatus, and I explore patterns and consequences of phenotypic variation during larval stages, migratory stages, and post-settlement stages of this fish.  I explore variability in phenotypes and early life history traits of G. maculatus through both space and time. I use metrics derived from body size and otolith-based demographic reconstructions to quantify potentially important early life history traits. I found that cohorts of juvenile fish sampled later in the year were comprised of individuals that were older, smaller, and grew more slowly relative to fish sampled earlier in the year. I also found that two sampled sites (the Hutt River and the Wainuiomata River) showed different temporal trends, despite their close geographical proximity.  I then investigated whether phenotype was related to mortality. I used otolith-based traits to characterise larval ‘quality’ for individual fish. I then calculated the average larval quality for discrete cohorts of fish, and used catch-curve analysis to estimate mortality rates for these cohorts. I investigated the overall relationship between quality and mortality, and compared the trend between two sites. My results indicate that phenotype and mortality were not significantly correlated. However, this inference may be limited by low statistical power; the non-significant trends suggest that the relationship might be negative (i.e., larvae of higher quality tend to have lower rates of mortality). This trend is typical of systems where population expansion is limited by food rather than predators.  I then investigated whether phenotypic traits in the juvenile cohorts were correlated with traits in adult cohorts. I resampled the focal populations ~6 months after sampling the juvenile stages (i.e., targeting fish from sampled cohorts that had survived to adulthood), and I used data from otoliths to reconstruct life history traits (hatch dates and growth histories). I compared adult life history traits to the traits of discrete juvenile cohorts.  My results suggest that fish that survived to adulthood had comparatively slower growth rates (reconstructed for a period of larval/juvenile growth) relative to the sampled juvenile cohorts (where growth rate was estimated for the same period in their life history). I also found that the distributions of hatch dates varied between sites. Fish that survived to adulthood at one site hatched later in the breeding season, while adult stages from the other site had hatch dates that were distributed across the entire breeding season. Both hatch date and growth rate are likely linked to fitness, and their interaction may have influenced patterns of survival to adulthood. These results provide evidence for carry-over effects of larval phenotype on juvenile success  Collectively my thesis emphasises the importance of phenotype and life history variability in studies of recruitment. It also highlights the importance of spatial scale, and how biological patterns may differ between geographically close systems. Some of the general inferences from my study may extend to other migratory Galaxiid species, and perhaps more generally, to many species with extensive larval dispersal. Finally, my work highlights potentially important interactions between phenotypes, life histories, and mortality, which can ultimately shape recruitment, and the dynamics of populations.</p>

Use of Macroinvertebrate Life History Information in Toxicity Tests

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Buikema Jr. ◽  
Ernest F. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Design Sensitivity ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
End Points ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Substrate Current ◽  
History Information

Life history information of macroinvertebrates is an important variable to consider when interpreting the results of toxicity tests. The importance of life history information has been recognized in the culturing of macroinvertebrates, but only in the last 5 yr has emphasis been placed on using this information in the design of acute and chronic toxicity tests. Sensitivity of organisms to toxicants is affected by nutrition, physiological requirements, behavior, predator–prey interactions, substrate, current, and light. There is need to integrate these, and other variables, to produce more defensible tests. Some features of life history may be used as end points in tests. Key words: macroinvertebrates, life history, toxicity, tests, design, sensitivity

scholarly journals There and back again: Spatial and temporal variation in the recruitment dynamics of an amphidromous fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Conor Stewart Bruce Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Quality

<p>A primary goal of ecology is to identify the factors underlying recruitment variability, and how they may shape population dynamics. Recruitment is driven by the input of new individuals into a population. However, these individuals often show high diversity in phenotypic traits and life histories, and the consequences of this variation are poorly understood. Phenotypic variation is widespread among the early life stages of fish, and this variation may be influenced by events occurring across multiple life stages. While many studies have investigated phenotypic variation and its effect on population dynamics, comparatively few studies use an integrated approach that evaluates patterns and processes across multiple life history stages. Here I focus on a native amphidromous fish, Galaxias maculatus, and I explore patterns and consequences of phenotypic variation during larval stages, migratory stages, and post-settlement stages of this fish.  I explore variability in phenotypes and early life history traits of G. maculatus through both space and time. I use metrics derived from body size and otolith-based demographic reconstructions to quantify potentially important early life history traits. I found that cohorts of juvenile fish sampled later in the year were comprised of individuals that were older, smaller, and grew more slowly relative to fish sampled earlier in the year. I also found that two sampled sites (the Hutt River and the Wainuiomata River) showed different temporal trends, despite their close geographical proximity.  I then investigated whether phenotype was related to mortality. I used otolith-based traits to characterise larval ‘quality’ for individual fish. I then calculated the average larval quality for discrete cohorts of fish, and used catch-curve analysis to estimate mortality rates for these cohorts. I investigated the overall relationship between quality and mortality, and compared the trend between two sites. My results indicate that phenotype and mortality were not significantly correlated. However, this inference may be limited by low statistical power; the non-significant trends suggest that the relationship might be negative (i.e., larvae of higher quality tend to have lower rates of mortality). This trend is typical of systems where population expansion is limited by food rather than predators.  I then investigated whether phenotypic traits in the juvenile cohorts were correlated with traits in adult cohorts. I resampled the focal populations ~6 months after sampling the juvenile stages (i.e., targeting fish from sampled cohorts that had survived to adulthood), and I used data from otoliths to reconstruct life history traits (hatch dates and growth histories). I compared adult life history traits to the traits of discrete juvenile cohorts.  My results suggest that fish that survived to adulthood had comparatively slower growth rates (reconstructed for a period of larval/juvenile growth) relative to the sampled juvenile cohorts (where growth rate was estimated for the same period in their life history). I also found that the distributions of hatch dates varied between sites. Fish that survived to adulthood at one site hatched later in the breeding season, while adult stages from the other site had hatch dates that were distributed across the entire breeding season. Both hatch date and growth rate are likely linked to fitness, and their interaction may have influenced patterns of survival to adulthood. These results provide evidence for carry-over effects of larval phenotype on juvenile success  Collectively my thesis emphasises the importance of phenotype and life history variability in studies of recruitment. It also highlights the importance of spatial scale, and how biological patterns may differ between geographically close systems. Some of the general inferences from my study may extend to other migratory Galaxiid species, and perhaps more generally, to many species with extensive larval dispersal. Finally, my work highlights potentially important interactions between phenotypes, life histories, and mortality, which can ultimately shape recruitment, and the dynamics of populations.</p>

Hormones and Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Maren N. Vitousek ◽  
Laura A. Schoenle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Behavior

Hormones mediate the expression of life history traits—phenotypic traits that contribute to lifetime fitness (i.e., reproductive timing, growth rate, number and size of offspring). The endocrine system shapes phenotype by organizing tissues during developmental periods and by activating changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology in response to varying physical and social environments. Because hormones can simultaneously regulate many traits (hormonal pleiotropy), they are important mediators of life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and survival. This chapter reviews the role of hormones in shaping life histories with an emphasis on developmental plasticity and reversible flexibility in endocrine and life history traits. It also discusses the advantages of studying hormone–behavior interactions from an evolutionary perspective. Recent research in evolutionary endocrinology has provided insight into the heritability of endocrine traits, how selection on hormone systems may influence the evolution of life histories, and the role of hormonal pleiotropy in driving or constraining evolution.

scholarly journals Estimating the survival of unobservable life stages for a declining frog with a complex life history

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Rose ◽  
Sarah J. Kupferberg ◽  
Clara A. Wheeler ◽  
Patrick M. Kleeman ◽  
Brian J. Halstead
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Complex Life History

scholarly journals Robustness of life histories to environmental variability in complex versus simple life cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Habitat Separation ◽  
Simple Life

AbstractMost animal species have a complex life cycle (CLC) with metamorphosis. It is thus of interest to examine possible benefits of such life histories. The prevailing view is that CLC represents an adaptation for genetic decoupling of juvenile and adult traits, thereby allowing life stages to respond independently to different selective forces. Here I propose an additional potential advantage of CLCs that is, decreased variance in population growth rate due to habitat separation of life stages. Habitat separation of pre- and post-metamorphic stages means that the stages will experience different regimes of environmental variability. This is in contrast to species with simple life cycles (SLC) whose life stages often occupy one and the same habitat. The correlation in the fluctuations of the vital rates of life stages is therefore likely to be weaker in complex than in simple life cycles. By a theoretical framework using an analytical approach, I have (1) derived the relative advantage, in terms of long-run growth rate, of CLC over SLC phenotypes for a broad spectrum of life histories, and (2) explored which life histories that benefit most by a CLC, that is avoid correlation in vital rates between life stages. The direction and magnitude of gain depended on life history type and fluctuating vital rate. One implication of our study is that species with CLCs should, on average, be more robust to increased environmental variability caused by global warming than species with SLCs.

scholarly journals Classical soloists’ life histories and the music conservatoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 025576142199115
Author(s):  
Tim Palmer ◽  
David Baker
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
Cultural Interest ◽  
Concert Pianist ◽  
Analytic Induction ◽  
Musical Excellence

This article explores the life histories of virtuoso classical music soloists with particular reference to conservatoire provision. Detailed life-history interviews were conducted with six virtuosi between May 2018 and January 2019. These participants were three singers, two cellists and a concert pianist. Resultant qualitative data were stored in an NVivo software database and understood through a process of analytic induction. Key findings spotlight the significance of Higher Education, a connection between broad creative and cultural interest and musical excellence, and a significant role for conservatoires in diversifying their training and easing transition into the career. The soloists also warned of dangers relating to controlling teachers, loss of autonomy and a need to convey their career realities to students.

Inadvertent Exemplars: Life History Portraits of Two Socially Just Principals

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Life History ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Native English Speaking

This study creates life history portraits of two White middle-class native-English-speaking principals demonstrating commitments to social justice in their work in public elementary schools serving disproportionately high populations of students who are marginalized by poverty, race, and linguistic heritage. Through self-reported life histories of these principals, I create portraits that illustrate how these practitioners draw motivation, commitment, and sustenance in varied, complicated, and at times contradictory ways.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document