Spectral and Biochemical Characteristics of the Particulate Matter in Bedford Basin

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mayzaud ◽  
S. Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Chemical Variable ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Neritic Habitat ◽  
Counter Data

A survey of the distribution, nature, and biochemical composition of particulate matter (less than 153 μm diam) showed that small particles (< 18 μm) made up the bulk of the particulate matter during most of the summer. Relatively large amounts of microzooplankton (tintinnids) were also recorded during the period of stable hydrographic conditions. Diatoms and dinoflagellates were abundant only in early fall prior to the fall bloom. All cell counts were transformed into parts per million on a volume basis to compare with Coulter Counter data. Cell counts on preserved samples strongly underestimated the number and volume of small particles and did not take into account the detritus. Considerations of the ATP content strongly suggested that for naturally occurring particulate matter there is not a constant ATP to carbon ratio but rather an upper and lower limit. Small particles were the main repository for protein whereas phytoplankton was the repository for carbohydrates. The high variability of both quality and quantity of particles in the neritic habitat suggests that a single chemical variable cannot describe fully the nutritive value of naturally occurring suspended matter. Key words: particulate matter, phytoplankton, microzooplankton, flagellates, protein, carbohydrates, ATP, carbon

Grazing of Marine Copepod Developmental Stages on Naturally Occurring Particles

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2381-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Poulet
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Particle Spectrum ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Grazing experiments were performed with copepodids (stages CI–IV) of Pseudocalanus minutus feeding on naturally occurring particulate matter. Variations in the feeding rate of copepodids were associated with seasonal changes in the standing stock of particulate matter. Copepodids adapted to seasonal variations within the particle spectrum. Particle sizes < 22 μm contributed most of the standing stock of particles during the period studied. Maximum consumption was recorded when copepodids fed on small-size particles. The importance of fine particles is illustrated in comparative feeding experiments performed with adults and copepodids fed simultaneously on the same particles. The differences between the mean consumption of copepodids and adults are highly significant in the particle size ranges below 22 μm. The fact that copepodids obtain more food than adults on particles < 10 μm is probably related to the smaller mesh size and to the higher frequency of vibration of their mouth appendages. Although all copepod stages are opportunistic feeders, such a mechanism allows copepodids to reduce feeding competition with adults and allows them to fulfil their higher requirements for energy from food particles that have a high productive potential and a high nutritive value. This provides the evidence that feeding niches are partially separated between young and adult copepods. Key words: calanoid copepods, copepodids, Pseudocalanus minutus, grazing, competition, naturally occurring particles

Determination of leucocyte concentrations in cow's milk with a Coulter counter

1966 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Phipps ◽  
F. H. S. Newbould
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Comparable Size

SummaryA technique for determining the concentration of leucocytes in cow's milk is described which is more rapid and accurate as well as much less tedious than conventional microscope methods. The leucocytes are isolated from the fat globules of comparable size by a novel centrifuging procedure. Sizing of the leucocytes with a Coulter electronic counter shows that their volumes range from about 45 to 1770 µm3but a partially overlapping distribution of other particulate matter prevents the accurate determination of the total number of cells present. The numbers counted in truncated leucocyte distributions, however, correlate linearly with total cell counts determined with an improved microscope method up to 6 × 106cells/ml of milk.

scholarly journals Rate of antigen entry into the circulation in experimental versus naturally occurring immune complex glomerulonephritis.

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. S70
Author(s):  
L A Hebert ◽  
D J Birmingham ◽  
X P Shen ◽  
F G Cosio ◽  
A Fryczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Immune Complex ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Naturally Occurring

This study tested the hypothesis that the rate of antigen entry into the circulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a naturally occurring immune complex glomerulonephritis (IC-GN), is slow compared with that of traditional experimental models of IC-GN, in which the antigen is delivered rapidly as a daily iv bolus. This hypothesis was tested by comparing rates of decline of the third component of complement (C3) and of circulating neutrophils (PMN) in SLE patients with active disease with those of cynomolgus monkeys (CYN) undergoing induction of experimental IC-GN by means of a daily bolus infusion of antigen. It has previously been shown that, as antigen enters the circulation and forms circulating IC, C3 levels and circulating PMN decline acutely. Thus, acute changes in these parameters can be surrogates for the rate of antigen entry into the circulation. In the CYN undergoing induction of IC-GN (N = 11), infusion of the antigen (bovine gamma-globulin) over 10 min resulted in acute declines in C3 levels (25 +/- 6.6%; P = 0.0018 and PMN counts (59 +/- 9%; P < 0.0002). In addition, the CYN experienced the onset of acute respiratory distress and hypotension. By contrast, in patients with active SLE (N = 9), C3 and white blood cell counts measured at 24-h intervals did not change significantly, and episodes of acute hypotension or respiratory distress were not observed. In the CYN, the onset of visible vasculitic lesions in the omentum were also documented within minutes of the infusion of bovine gamma-globulin. The rapidity of onset of these vascular lesions suggests that the tempo at which lesions develop in experimental models of IC disease is faster than that of naturally occurring IC diseases. It was concluded that, in naturally occurring IC diseases, antigen probably enters the circulation slowly over prolonged periods of time, rather than as large boluses over short periods of time, as in traditional experimental models of IC-GN. Thus, models of IC-GN involving a daily bolus infusion of antigen may not be clinically relevant, particularly when IC clearing mechanisms are tested, because the efficiency of these mechanisms may be markedly influenced by the rate at which IC form in the circulation.

Abstract 74: Naturally Occurring Human α1a-Adrenergic Receptor Genetic Variant Induces Transformation of Cardiomyoblasts to Fibroblast-Like Phenotype

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Kleine-Brueggeney ◽  
Irina Gradinaru ◽  
Ekaterina Babaeva ◽  
Debra A Schwinn ◽  
Anush Oganesian
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Hypertensive heart disease is a progressive condition leading to myocardial remodeling, alterations in cardiomyocytes and fibrosis. Three α1 adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes are expressed in human heart (α1a, α1b, α1d). Recently, we reported that human α1aAR with the naturally occurring G247R SNP (247R), originally identified in a hypertensive patient, constitutively couples to EGFR-transactivation pathway in fibroblasts and leads to hyperproliferation. We hypothesized that expression of 247R in cardiomyoblasts plays an important role in their remodeling. We demonstrate that constitutive expression of 247R in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts changes the morphology of myoblasts to fibroblast-like cells (transformed, tr247R); higher 247R expression results in earlier onset of transformation. Expression of α1aAR-WT does not affect cell morphology. Tr247R cells exhibit 2-3 fold increased constitutive proliferation compared to control or WT cells as determined by cell counts and thymidine incorporation assays; pERK is upregulated in tr247R cells as determined by Western blot analyses. Treatment with AraC, a DNA replication inhibitor, eliminates the 247R cells but not the H9C2 myoblasts. Expression of cell-specific markers is being evaluated in tr247R and control cells. RT-PCR and zymograms revealed increased MMP2 mRNA and protein levels in tr247R cells compared to control or WT cells and are comparable to MMP2 levels in fibroblasts. Increased proliferation of tr247R cells is reduced by EGFR specific inhibitor AG1478 but not general MMP inhibitor GM6001. Agonist stimulation of tr247R results in hypertrophy as determined by leucine incorporation. Interestingly, hypertrophy but not cell proliferation is inhibited by prazosin, an α1aAR inverse agonist, suggesting that increased proliferation and hypertrophy observed in transformed cells are two independent pathways triggered by 247R. Our data demonstrate that expression of α1aAR genetic variant triggers alterations in cardiomyoblasts via distinct signaling pathways leading to hyperproliferation, transformation of the cells to fibroblast-like phenotype and hypertrophy. Consequently, these changes may lead to fibrosis in human heart, extracellular matrix remodeling and heart failure.

scholarly journals Changes in biochemical and nutritional properties of bekang-um (fermented soybean) prepared by traditional method and customized incubator

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
K. Thanzami ◽  
C. Lalremruati ◽  
Vanlalthlana ◽  
Andrew Lalthasanga ◽  
Phyobemo C. Tungoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Cell Counts

Effect of controlled and uncontrolled fermentation temperature on the microbial load, biochemical changes and change in nutritive value of bekang-um was studied in an attempt to upgrade the traditional fermentation technology of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. The sterile cooked beans were fermented using a low-cost wooden incubator developed previously, adjusted at a constant temperature (35°C) and also under direct sunlight for 4 days following the traditional method. The microbial load, biochemical changes and changes in nutritive values of both the beans fermented were compared under controlled and uncontrolled temperature. The result showed that the viable cell counts, pH, free amino acids, proteolytic activity and alpha amylase activity increased in both the fermenting conditions throughout the process while the reducing sugar increased in the first day and decreased gradually with fermentation in both conditions. There is also an increase in moisture, protein and calorific value, and a decrease in carbohydrate, fats and ash value in both conditions. Fermentation under controlled temperature gave the higher levels of alpha amylase and proteolytic activities, viable cell counts, pH, free amino acids and nutritive value. These results suggested that fermentation proceeds at higher rate under controlled temperature using low-cost incubator could be utilized for the commercial production of bekang-um as the fermentation time could be reduced from three days to two days in addition to its simpler technology.

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