Stress Response of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Elicited by Cadmium and Copper and Potential Use of Cortisol as an Indicator of Stress

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl B. Schreck ◽  
Harold W. Lorz
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Potential Use

Exposure of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to copper (Cu) produced a marked, dose-dependent serum cortisol elevation. Treatment with cadmium (Cd) did not elicit a cortisol elevation, even in moribund fish. Stressing salmon with sublethal levels of Cu or handling plus close confinement resulted in "ideal" compensation (return to prestress levels) in cortisol titers. Salmon exposed to Cu had depressed serum chloride levels and reduced survival when challenged with salt water. Exposure to Cd did not influence serum chloride or the ability to tolerate salt water. Handling and close confinement produced the same cortisol elevation in controls as in Cu- or Cd-treated fish, but exposure to Cu reduced the ability of the fish to survive the stress of handling and confinement. Cortisol level and other characteristics of the General Adaptation Syndrome of stress should not be universally applied as indicators of stress in salmon. Key words: stress, cortisol, heavy metals, coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, saltwater adaptation, stress resistance, stress indicator, cadmium, copper

Differences in Measurements of Smolt Development Between Wild and Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Before and After Saltwater Exposure

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2170-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Shrimpton ◽  
Nicholas J. Bernier ◽  
George K. Iwama ◽  
David J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Saltwater Tolerance

We compared the saltwater tolerance of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) juveniles that were reared in different environments. The groups examined consisted of fish reared exclusively in the hatchery, a hatchery group transplanted into the upper watershed of the river (colonized), and wild fish from natural spawning broodstock in the river. Although hatchery fish were much larger than their wild or colonized counterparts, they consistently showed a reduced saltwater tolerance as assessed by a much greater perturbation in plasma sodium concentration following transfer to salt water. Within each group there was no relationship between size of the fish and saltwater tolerance. Following transfer to sea water, hatchery fish showed a significant decline in haematocrit and a significant increase in circulating plasma cortisol concentration. Neither of these changes was seen in wild smolts. Hatchery fish possessed fewer chloride cells, and lower specific activities of the enzymes Na+K+ATPase and citrate synthase. The weaker osmoregulatory ability of hatchery fish led to a greater mortality following abrupt transfer to 35‰ seawater. We believe that the differences in saltwater tolerance seen among the different groups of fish are due to rearing environment.

Physiological Responses to Challenge Tests in Six Stocks of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1761-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McGeer ◽  
Leanne Baranyi ◽  
George K. Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Challenge Tests

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from six hatcheries were reared in a common facility and then subjected to six different challenge tests. Results indicated that there are differences in the response to stressful challenges among stocks of coho salmon. The challenge tests were exposure to salt water (30‰), high pH (9.4 and 10.0), low pH (3.55, 3.65, 3.75, and 4.1), thermal increase (1°C∙h−1), disease (bacterial kidney disease), and handling (30-s netting and emersion). The measured responses were changes in plasma sodium and chloride ion concentrations for the saline and pH challenges, critical thermal maximum in the thermal tolerance test, mortalities in the disease challenge, and plasma glucose alterations in the handling challenge. The Chehalis River stock was most successful in tolerating salt water but showed the largest plasma ion decrease in acidic waters. The stock from Eagle River had the lowest plasma glucose increase during handling challenges. In the disease challenge the Tenderfoot Creek and Eagle River stocks had high mortalities but the Capilano River stock had the lowest mortality. No stock differences were found during thermal tolerance and high pH challenges. An assessment of overall stock performance across challenges showed that each stock had a unique response profile.

scholarly journals In VitroActivities of Hexaazatrinaphthylenes against Leishmania spp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2867-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atteneri López-Arencibia ◽  
Daniel García-Velázquez ◽  
Carmen M. Martín-Navarro ◽  
Ines Sifaoui ◽  
María Reyes-Batlle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Intracellular Amastigotes ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACTThein vitroactivity of a novel group of compounds, hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives, against two species ofLeishmaniais described in this study. These compounds showed a significant dose-dependent inhibition effect on the proliferation of the parasites, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) ranging from 1.23 to 25.05 μM against the promastigote stage and 0.5 to 0.7 μM against intracellular amastigotes. Also, a cytotoxicity assay was carried out to in order to evaluate the possible toxic effects of these compounds. Moreover, different assays were performed to determine the type of cell death induced after incubation with these compounds. The obtained results highlight the potential use of hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives againstLeishmaniaspecies, and further studies should be undertaken to establish them as novel leishmanicidal therapeutic agents.

Induced ovulation in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). I. Further studies on the use of salmon pituitary preparations

Aquaculture ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Hunter ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Induced Ovulation
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