Ammonia Quotient in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Kutty
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Theoretical Estimate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Ammonia Quotient

Ammonia quotients (A.Q., ratio of ammonia excreted to oxygen consumed) were computed from data on daily-fed and starved sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). In 22-d starved salmon, where a diel pulse in oxygen consumption, but not in ammonia excretion, persisted, the A.Q. was 0.125 at the prepulse stage (0.11 in fed fish); the lowest A.Q. was 0.06 (0.05 in fed fish) at peak oxygen consumption. The highest A.Q. of 0.24 was obtained in fed fish at the peak of ammonia output. Based on a theoretical estimate of an aerobic maximum A.Q. of 0.33, it is estimated that protein oxidation changes from 18 to 38% in starved sockeye and 15 to 73% in fed fish. The latter value is possibly an overestimate because of the involvement of nonoxidative protein breakdown, but this anaerobic involvement in routine metabolism of sockeye may be negligible. Key words: ammonia excretion, ammonia quotient, Oncorhynchus nerka, daily metabolic pattern, protein catabolism, starvation effect, energy utilization, nitrogen-excretion ratio, Rhinomugil corsula

Daily Pattern of Nitrogen Excretion and Oxygen Consumption of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) under Controlled Conditions

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2479-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett ◽  
C. A. Zala
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Maintenance Ration ◽  
Exogenous Nitrogen

Measurements of the rate of ammonia and urea excretion of fingerling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in fresh water were made at 2–3-hourly intervals throughout the day (average weight = 29 g; temperature = 15 C). One group of fish was fed a maintenance ration while another group was starved for 22 days. Ammonia excretion rose to a sharp peak of 35 mg N/kg per hour, 4–41/2 h after the start of feeding (at 0830) and fell to a baseline level of 8.2 mg N/kg per hour between 0200 and 0800. Urea excretion remained relatively steady at a mean rate of 2.2 mg N/kg per hour throughout the day, showing no diurnal response to feeding. Starved fish showed a nitrogen excretion rate close to that for both the steady state of urea excretion and the baseline rate of ammonia excretion of the fed fish. Oxygen consumption rose to a peak of 370 mg O2/kg per hour just before and during a 1-h feeding period, decreasing thereafter to a low of 170 mg O2/kg per hour at 0300 h. For the starved fish this diurnal metabolic fluctuation continued from the start in a variable and diminishing form whereas nitrogen excretion showed no such response. The results are discussed in relation to hatchery observations. We conclude that for nonstressed salmon at 15 C ammonia is the chief excretory product of exogenous nitrogen metabolism.

The Relation of Size to Rate of Oxygen Consumption and Sustained Swimming Speed of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1491-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

The relation of size (log weight, g) to metabolic rate (log O2-uptake, mg O2/hr) of sockeye salmon was found to have a continuous change in slope (0.78–0.97) with increasing activity at 15 C.The slope of the equation relating the 60-min sustained swimming speed (log speed, cm/sec) to length (cm) had a value of 0.50, demonstrating a rapid decrease in relative performance with increasing size.

scholarly journals Prolonged swimming, recovery and repeat swimming performance of mature sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka exposed to moderate hypoxia and pentachlorophenol.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (14) ◽  
pp. 2183-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Farrell ◽  
A K Gamperl ◽  
I K Birtwell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Moderate Hypoxia ◽  
Lactate Levels

Mature, wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) demonstrated their remarkable stamina and recovery abilities by performing three consecutive critical swimming speed tests with only a 45 min interval for recovery between subsequent tests. Although the repeated swimming challenges were performed without a full recovery, normoxic fish swam just as well on the second swim, and the majority of fish swam only marginally more poorly on the third swim. In addition, metabolic loading in these fish, as measured by the rate of oxygen consumption, ventilation rate and plasma lactate levels during recovery, did not appear to be cumulative with successive swims. Fish, however, did not recover as well after a similar level of initial swimming performance under moderately hypoxic conditions (water PO2>100 mmHg; 1 mmHg=0.1333 kPa). Four out of the five fish did not swim again and their high plasma lactate levels indicated a greater anaerobic effort. In another group of fish, metabolic loading (elevated control rates of oxygen consumption) was induced with an overnight sublethal exposure to pentachlorophenol, but these fish swam as well as normoxic fish on the first swim, and five of the six fish swam for a third time at a marginally lower critical swimming speed. In contrast to expectations, pentachlorophenol pretreatment and moderate hypoxia were not additive in their effects. Instead, the effects resembled those of pentachlorophenol pretreatment alone. The results are discussed in terms of what aspects of fatigue might impair the repeat swimming performance of sockeye salmon.

Energy utilization and metabolism in spawning migrating Early Stuart sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): the migratory paradox

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Kiessling ◽  
Kerstin Lindahl-Kiessling ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kiessling
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Muscle Fibre Size ◽  
Fibre Size ◽  
Energy Strategies ◽  
Rostral Part

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were followed during their 1400-km-long migration from cessation of feeding outside British Columbia, Canada, up the Fraser River to spawning. Enzymatic capacity (indicative of glycolysis, β-oxidation, and respiratory chain ATP formation), muscle fibre size distribution, body and muscle conformation, and gross chemical composition in different parts of red and white muscle were monitored to determine energy strategies throughout the migration. The mobilization of extramuscular lipid depots was also monitored. The most conspicuous change in white muscle, concomitant with a large decrease in protein content, was an ordered reduction in muscle fibre size and lipid depots with distance covered, resulting in an accumulation of fibres with a cross section between 2000 and 6000 µm2 and a maintained level of 4% intramuscular fat. A peak in oxidative capacity was noted in red muscle during the strenuous passage of Fraser Canyon. In white muscle, glycolytic capacity was maintained at least until passage of the Fraser Canyon. Enzymatic capacity was higher in the caudal than rostral part of the muscle. Differences were also found between lateral and dorsal parts of the white muscle, indicating significant differences in the timing and magnitude of enzymatic capacity of red and white muscle.

Peak Oxygen Consumption and Resting Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Changes After Cardiomyoplasty at 6-Month Follow-up

Circulation ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edimar Alcides Bocchi ◽  
Guilherme Veiga Guimarães ◽  
Luiz Felipe P. Moreira ◽  
Fernando Bacal ◽  
Alvaro Vilela de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document