Recent Invasion of a Red Alga (Bangia atropurpurea) in Lake Michigan

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2413-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kwei Lin ◽  
John L. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Bangia Atropurpurea

Bangia atropurpurea was first found on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan in 1968; by 1976 it had covered suitable substrates on the southern two thirds of the lakeshore. Optimal vegetative growth occurred above the low waterline during the spring and fall, especially near harbor areas. Vegetative growth is initiated from either perennating basal cells or monospores. Bangia contained extraordinarily high concentrations of bromine and zinc, suggesting it requires relatively high levels of halogens and trace metals, which are present in runoff waters and contaminated harbors. Key words: Bangia, invasion, Lake Michigan, halogens, trace metals, algal zonation

scholarly journals Studies on the Regulation of Algal Growth by Gibberellin

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Hypnea Musciformis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Amo 1618 ◽  
Slow Growing

CCC and Amo.1618, at relatively high concentrations only, inhibited the growth of excised branch apices of the red alga Hypnea musciformis. Neither GA3 nor GA7 stimulated growth of the alga in the presence or absence of these compounds, and gibberellin-like material extracted from H. musciformis also failed to stimulate growth. However, both gibberellins stimulated the growth of slow-growing, but not fast-growing, branch apices of the related red alga Gracilaria verucosa. It is concluded that endogenous gibberellins may not regulate the growth of H. musciformis, but this is likely to be a peculiarity of this species and not a general phenomenon in red algae.

Ferritin Crystals in the Gut Caeca of a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Stegocephalid (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Moore ◽  
P.S. Rainbow
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
High Concentrations

Ferritin crystals and calcium granules are reported from the ventral ceaca of Steleuthera ecoprophycea (Amphipoda: Stegocephalidae) collected from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (3520 m).In a series of earlier papers (Moore & Rainbow, 1984, 1989, 1992; Moore et al., 1994), the authors described the widespread occurrence of intracellular, octahedral crystals of ferritin in the ventral caeca of a range of stegocephalid amphipod species from the continental shelf epibenthos and oceanic plankton. The discovery at 3500 m of a new Steleuthera species (S. ecoprophycea), from a hydrothermal vent on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was announced recently by Bellan-Santini & Thurston (1996), and a complete description is provided therein.Oceanic ridge sites are notable for their tectonic activity and the presence of a diversity of trace metals at high concentrations is to be expected in hydrothermal plumes emanating from such regions (German & Angel, 1995). The detoxification of accumulated trace metals in the ventral ceaca of stegocephalid amphipods from uncontaminated environments is now relatively well known (see above), so it was of interest to investigate whether a vent stegocephalid showed an atypical presence of trace metals in detoxified form in cells of the ventral caeca. The results following from an opportunity to investigate this are reported herein.Material was derived from a dive made by the submersible ‘Alvin’ at Snake Pit hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (23°23′N 44°56′W), 3520 m, on 16 June 1993 (see Bellan-Santini & Thurston, 1996). Steleuthera ecoprophycea was preserved in 70% alcohol. Subsequently to dissection, the single pair of ventral caeca from each of the four damaged amphipods investigated were post-fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde. For electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis in STEM mode, ventral caecal tissues were then dehydrated through 95% and absolute ethanol, cleared in propylene oxide, embedded in TAAB resin, sectioned at 0·5 μm (semi-thin sections) on a Reichert OmU2 ultramicrotome and examined without staining in a JEOL 100C electron microscope equipped with LINK system EDX energy dispersive x-ray microanalyser.

scholarly journals Vegetative growth of Umbrella Leaf Palm, Johannesteijsmannia lanceolata in Angsi Forest Reserve, Malaysia

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
M. Z. Rozainah ◽  
U. R. Sinniah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Vegetative Phenology

A study of an acaulescent palm, Johannesteijsmannia  lanceolata J. Dransfield was carried out in Angsi Forest Reserve Negeri Sembilan Malaysia for a period of 19 months A total of 32 adults, 24 juveniles and 32 seedlings from 3 different plots were censused every two weeks. The results showed that the average numbers of new leaves entering the crown with in the study period (19months) were: 3.3, 2.6 and 1.3 for 2.1, 1.6 and 0.8 leaves per year for adult juvenile and seedling, respectively. From the calculation it was discovered that the time spent by each leaf in the crown before it died was 8.8 years for adult and 8.4 years for juvenile. Key words: Johannesteijsmannia; Growth rate; Vegetative phenology; Arecaceae doi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3190 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 11-20, 2005

Response of some vegetable crops to soil-applied halides

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sheppard ◽  
W. G. Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Competitive Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Corn Kernels ◽  
Key Words Fluoride

The halide elements are environmentally important and share some common attributes. The heaviest, I, and the lighest, F, are quite toxic and are important industrial pollutants. They are also effectively retained in soils. The others, Cl and Br, can be accumulated to high concentrations in plants, are used in agriculture and are highly mobile in soils. This study investigated the behaviour of the halides in plots, outdoor lysimeters, and laboratory sorption and excised-root experiments. Sorption on soil was ordered as F > I > Br > Cl. Concentrations in plants were generally ordered as CI ≥ Br > > F ≥ I, the inverse of the sorption ordering, as expected. Older tissues, which were also closest to the soil surface, had higher concentrations, and sequestered tissues, such as corn kernels and cabbage heads, had lower concentrations. There was evidence of competitive interaction among the halides and with soil anions such as phosphate and sulfate. This competition reduced the toxicity of I and modified tissue concentrations of the halides, P and S. Another interesting interaction was an increase in Cl and I sorption on soil solids when there were elevated levels or the other halides. Overall, the study of the halides in combination enhanced our understanding of their individual behaviours. Key words: Fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, vegetable

Distribution of biogenic silica in the surficial sediments of Lake Michigan

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1442-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Conley ◽  
Claire L. Schelske ◽  
Brian G. Dempsey ◽  
Charles D. Campbell ◽  
Teresa L. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Surficial Sediments ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
High Concentrations

The spatial distribution of biogenic silica (BSi) in the surficial sediments of Lake Michigan is described from Shipek grab samples collected in 1975 and gravity cores obtained in 1983. Significantly smaller surficial BSi concentrations in the 1975 samples were attributed primarily to the inability of a Shipek grab to collect intact surficial sediment samples. Lower concentrations o.f BSi were found in nondepositional and transitional areas of sediment accumulation than in depositional basins. Therefore, BSi accumulation is restricted primarily to the 40% of the lake bottom where sediments are presently accumulating. High concentrations found in Green Bay surficial sediments are related to high productivity in the bay coupled with inputs of new silica from the Fox River. In the open lake, BSi concentrations of surficial sediments in depositional basins appeared to vary inversely with sedimentation rate in that lower BSi concentrations were found in areas with higher sedimentation rates.

Heavy metals in deltaic sediments of the Fraser River, British Columbia

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1683-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Grieve ◽  
W. K. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Sediment Texture ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Fraser River Delta ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
High Concentrations

Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, together with sand content and loss of ignition, have been determined for surflcial sediments from the Fraser River delta-front and upper foreslope. Both geochemical maps and statistical analysis disclose close relationships between trace-metal concentrations, sediment texture, and Fe and Mn content. Detailed studies of the distribution of labile and non-labile trace metals within sediments indicate that these relationships reflect increased concentrations of trace metals associated with both the detrital minerals and hydrous Fe oxides coatings in the finer fractions of the sediment. Abnormally high concentrations of labile trace metals are found on the tidal flats at two stations influenced by discharge of metal-rich sewage.

Optical Properties, Suspended Sediments, and Chemistry Associated with the Turbidity Maxima of the Delaware Estuary

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
pp. s172-s179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Biggs ◽  
Jonathan H. Sharp ◽  
Thomas M. Church ◽  
John M. Tramontano
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Turbidity Maximum ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Delaware Estuary ◽  
High Concentrations

Two turbidity maxima were found in the Delaware Estuary and were distinct both in terms of optical properties of the water and in quantity of suspended material. The upstream maximum occurred at about 1‰ salinity. Both the diffuse attenuation coefficient (KD) and the beam attenuation coefficient (α) responded to the double turbidity maxima. The upstream maximum contains a larger number of individual mineral grains with a mean diameter of about 3 μm; the downstream maximum, which occurred at salinities of 7.5–10‰, was dominated by composite particles with a mean size of 12 μm; at salinities > 10‰, the suspended sediment population was dominated by large (10–20 μm) individual particles with few composite particles.Nutrients, productivity, particulate organic matter, and dissolved and particulate metals all showed relationships to the turbidity maxima when viewed on salinity and on geographic axes. An excess of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in relation to dissolved inorganic phosphorus was mirrored by exceptionally low particulate C/P ratios in the region of the turbidity maxima. Primary productivity appeared to be greatly reduced in the region of the downstream turbidity maximum.The trace metals Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, Co, and Ni showed a general association with particulate phases at lowest salinities, at the upstream turbidity maximum. The more particle reactive metals (Fe, Mn, and Co) reflected this as enrichment relative to particulate aluminum. At the downstream turbidity maximum, in the mid-salinity range, the trace metals showed a minimum relative to Al, probably due to dilution by resuspended bottom sediments. In the lower estuary, the trace metals exhibited the highest enrichment (relative to aluminum) and an association with high concentrations of particulate carbon.Key words: Delaware Estuary, turbidity maxima, optical properties, suspended sediments, chemistry

Stabilities of uncomplemented and complemented M15 β-galactosidase (Escherichia coli) and the relationship to α-complementation

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare N Gallagher ◽  
Reuben E Huber
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Narrow Temperature Range ◽  
Preferential Binding ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tetrameric Form

M15 β-galactosidase (Escherichia coli) is a mutant form of β-galactosidase having residues 11-41 deleted. It is an inactive dimer but can be complemented to the active tetrameric form by the addition of a peptide containing the deleted residues. The activities of uncomplemented and complemented M15 β-galactosidases decreased starting at 42°C-uncomplemented over a narrow temperature range, complemented over a broad range. This is because uncomplemented protein is a simple dimer while complemented is a mix of interacting oligomers at high temperatures. The effects of added components on stability and α-complementation are best explained by binding effects on equilibria between native forms and forms susceptible to inactivation. Mg2+ stabilized complemented protein but destabilized uncomplemented protein (10× less Mg2+ was needed for complemented protein). α-Complementation increased somewhat at low Mg2+ but decreased at high Mg2+. These effects can be explained by differential Mg2+ binding to the native and susceptible forms. The enhancement of both stability and α-complementation by Na+ can be explained by preferential binding of Na+ to the native forms of both the uncomplemented and complemented proteins. Low 2-mercaptoethanol concentrations stabilized uncomplemented M15 β-galactosidase, but high concentrations destabilized it. All concentrations destabilized complemented M15 β-galactosidase. α-Complementation was enhanced by 2-mercaptoethanol. Thus, there is a correlation between stability of the uncomplemented protein and α-complementation at low 2-mercaptoethanol owing to interactions with native forms. The lack of correlation at higher 2-mercaptoethanol probably results from precipitation by 2-mercaptoethanol. In contrast to irreversible thermal inactivation, differences in reversible stability in urea were small. This suggests that quaternary structure and Mg2+ and Na+ sites are lost at low urea concentrations and are unimportant at the urea concentrations that result in reversible denaturation. Key words: β-galactosidase, α-complementation, stability.

scholarly journals Marine algae of St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh. XII. New records of red and green algae

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Md Towhidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
New Records ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
First Time

Ceramium tenerrimum (G. Martens) Okamura fa, Caulerpa sertularioides fa corymbosa Taylor and Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek from St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh have been recorded, and described and illustrated for the first time with descriptions and illustrations. Key words: Ceramium; Caulerpa; Cladophora; Red alga; Green algae; Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.7996 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 41-45, 2011 (June)

Density Estimates of Mysis relicta in Lake Michigan

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin E. Grossnickle ◽  
Mark D. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Deep Station ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Density estimates of Mysis relicta based on night vertical net tows at stations of 30–50 m in Lake Michigan were about an order of magnitude larger than previous estimates based on sled tows. Significantly greater density estimates were obtained in night vertical net tows than those collected before sunset at these shallow stations. However, density estimates based on sled tows during daylight were not significantly different from those based on night vertical net tows at a 115-m station in Lake Michigan. At this deep station, a substantially larger percentage of late instar mysids was collected in sled tows than in night vertical net tows. Key words: Mysis relicta, Lake Michigan, density estimates, vertical net tows, epibenthic sled tows

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