Morphological, Physiological, and Ethological Differences Between Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and Pikeperch (S. lucioperca)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1515-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Guarding Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Stizostedion Lucioperca ◽  
Key Words Behavior

A review of the literature indicated that pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) are generally more tolerant than walleye (S. vitreum vitreum) of a wide range of environmental sources of stress, such as organic pollution, sedimentation, and fluctuating water levels. This advantage presumably arose from numerous morphological and physiological specializations which are expressed through appropriate behavioral patterns. Of prime importance is the ritualistic redd building and guarding behavior developed by the pikeperch which contributes to a consistently successful rate of fertilization and lowered mortality of their eggs and larvae. In addition, pikeperch have a much higher fecundity and require a less specific set of spawning conditions than do walleye. These attributes allow the pikeperch much greater reproductive success under stressful conditions and thus more flexibility in their range. Key words: behavior, cultural eutrophication, environmental stress, morphology, physiology, pikeperch, reproductive potential, reservoirs, Stizostedion, walleye

scholarly journals Criopreservação de oócitos no menacme: aconselhamento e indicações / Oocyte cryopreservation in the menacme: counseling and indications

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mariana Oliva Cassará Carvalho ◽  
Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Oocyte Cryopreservation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Oocyte Vitrification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Preservation Of Fertility ◽  
Ovarian Surgery

Introdução: Os avanços nas técnicas de reprodução assistida têm possibilitado a preservação da fertilidade em mulheres que desejam adiar a maternidade ou naquelas que têm seu potencial reprodutivo ameaçado. Nesse contexto, a introdução da vitrificação de oócitos foi um avanço significativo na tecnologia reprodutiva, e vem mostrando resultados similares aos obtidos com oócitos frescos. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo rever as principais indicações para a criopreservação de oócitos. Métodos: Foi feita uma revisão narrativa da literatura, pautada nos descritores e nos termos mais utilizados para vitrificação de oócitos, tendo como base LILACS, SciELO e PubMed. Resultados e conclusão: Baseado no atual nível de evidência, a criopreservação de oócitos não deve mais ser considerada técnica experimental. Foram observadas algumas indicações para vitrificação de oócitos entre elas destacam–se: mulheres saudáveis que desejam postergar a gestação, mulheres que serão submetidas a tratamentos gonadotóxicos e cirurgias ovarianas extensas, programas de ovodoação e vitrificação com o propósito de flexibilizar os protocolos de reprodução assistida.Palavras chave: Criopreservação, Preservação da fertilidade, Vitrificação, Oócitos, Infertilidade ABSTRACTIntroduction: Advances in assisted reproductive techniques have allowed preservation of fertility among women who wish to postpone maternity or have their reproductive potential threatened. In this context, the introduction of oocyte vitrification has evidenced to be a remarkable technological progress, and has shown similar results to those obtained with fresh oocytes. Objective: The present study aims to review the main indications of oocyte cryopreservation. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was carried out, based on the descriptors and terms most used for oocyte vitrification, based on LILACS, SciELO and PubMed. Results and conclusion: Based on the current level of evidence, oocyte cryopreservation should no longer be considered an experimental technique. Patients are accessing and receiving oocyte cryopreservation for a wide range of indications, among them the following stand out: healthy women who wish to postpone pregnancy, women who will undergo gonadotoxic treatments and extensive ovarian surgery, ovodoation and vitrification programs with the purpose of making assisted reproduction protocols more flexible.Keywords: Cryopreservation, Fertility preservation, Vitrification, Oocyte, Infertility

Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Lelaurain ◽  
Pierluigi Graziani ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global social concern: many women are affected by this phenomenon and by the difficulty of putting an end to it. This review of the literature aims to identify help-seeking facilitating and inhibiting factors in response to IPV. It was carried out on the PsycINFO and Medline databases using the following keywords: “intimate partner violence,” “domestic violence,” “help-seeking,” and “help-seeking barrier.” Ninety out of 771 eligible publications were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. The results highlight that (1) research on this phenomenon is very recent and underdeveloped in Europe, (2) theoretical and conceptual frameworks are poorly developed and extended, (3) there is a significant impact of violence characteristics (e.g., severity, type) on help-seeking, and (4) help-seeking is a complex and multifactorial process influenced by a wide range of factors simultaneously individual and social. To conclude, these findings lead us to propose a psychosocial conceptualization of the help-seeking process by indicating how the levels of explanation approach in social psychology can be applied to this field of research in order to increase our understanding of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Acceptance threshold theory can explain occurrence of homosexual behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20140603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina C. Engel ◽  
Lisa Männer ◽  
Manfred Ayasse ◽  
Sandra Steiger
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Burying Beetles ◽  
Acceptance Threshold ◽  
Threshold Theory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Perceived Costs

Same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB) has been documented in a wide range of animals, but its evolutionary causes are not well understood. Here, we investigated SSB in the light of Reeve's acceptance threshold theory. When recognition is not error-proof, the acceptance threshold used by males to recognize potential mating partners should be flexibly adjusted to maximize the fitness pay-off between the costs of erroneously accepting males and the benefits of accepting females. By manipulating male burying beetles' search time for females and their reproductive potential, we influenced their perceived costs of making an acceptance or rejection error. As predicted, when the costs of rejecting females increased, males exhibited more permissive discrimination decisions and showed high levels of SSB; when the costs of accepting males increased, males were more restrictive and showed low levels of SSB. Our results support the idea that in animal species, in which the recognition cues of females and males overlap to a certain degree, SSB is a consequence of an adaptive discrimination strategy to avoid the costs of making rejection errors.

A Comprehensive Assessment Tool for Patient Registry Software Systems: The CIPROS Checklist

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (05) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Mansmann ◽  
D. Lindoerfer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Patient Registry ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Software System ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Patient Registries ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryBackground: Patient registries are an important instrument in medical research. Often their structure is complex and their implementation uses composite software systems to meet the wide spectrum of challenges.Objectives: For the implementation of a registry, there is a wide range of commercial, open source, and self-developed systems available and a minimal standard for the critical appraisal of their architecture is needed.Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature to define a catalogue of relevant criteria to construct a minimal appraisal standard.Results: The CIPROS list is developed based on 64 papers which were found by our systematic review. The list covers twelve sections and contains 72 items.Conclusions: The CIPROS list supports developers to assess requirements on existing systems and strengthens the reporting of patient registry software system descriptions. It can be a first step to create standards for patient registry software system assessments.

scholarly journals Lifetime reproductive success in a population of female red kangaroos Macropus rufus in the sheep rangelands of western New South Wales: Environmental effects and population dynamics

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Bilton ◽  
DB Croft
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Initial Starting

Female reproductive success and the recruitment of offspring to the next generation are key components of animal population dynamics. With an annual commercial harvest of between 13 and 22% of the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) population, it is increasingly important that these processes are understood. We used data on the reproductive success of 33 free-ranging female M. rufus on Fowlers Gap station in far western New South Wales to determine the expected lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of females within an unharvested population. We also designed a model to generate predictions about female LRS incorporating empirical relationships between a mother?s reproductive success and maternal age, environmental conditions and the sex and survivorship of a previous reproductive attempt. Results from observations on female LRS (calculated from annual weaning rates) and those generated by the model predict that female M. rufus on ?Fowlers Gap? wean, on average, 3.7 young in a lifetime (ranges 0 - 11 and 0 - 20, respectively); representing only 41% of their maximum reproductive potential. Manipulation of initial starting conditions allowed the effect of varying environmental conditions on female LRS to be explored. The condition of the environment when females commence breeding does not appear to significantly affect their overall lifetime reproductive output. However, the occurrence of drought does. Females experiencing two droughts in a lifetime did not live as long and weaned fewer offspring and grandoffspring (from their daughters) than those females experiencing only one drought in a lifetime. In addition to the adverse effect of drought on the reproductive success of female M. rufus in this study, we suggest that, given the relatively high and stable population densities of M. rufus on ?Fowlers Gap?, other mechanisms (acting primarily on juvenile survival) must exist which limit population growth.

scholarly journals A comparative survey of the impacts of extreme rainfall in two international case studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Spekkers ◽  
Viktor Rözer ◽  
Annegret Thieken ◽  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis ◽  
Heidi Kreibich
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Biased Sampling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Damage Data

Abstract. Flooding is assessed as the most important natural hazard in Europe, causing thousands of deaths, affecting millions of people and accounting for large economic losses in the past decade. Little is known about the damage processes associated with extreme rainfall in cities, due to a lack of accurate, comparable and consistent damage data. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of extreme rainfall on residential buildings and how affected households coped with these impacts in terms of precautionary and emergency actions. Analyses are based on a unique dataset of damage characteristics and a wide range of potential damage explaining variables at the household level, collected through computer-aided telephone interviews (CATI) and an online survey. Exploratory data analyses based on a total of 859 completed questionnaires in the cities of Münster (Germany) and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) revealed that the uptake of emergency measures is related to characteristics of the hazardous event. In case of high water levels, more efforts are made to reduce damage, while emergency response that aims to prevent damage is less likely to be effective. The difference in magnitude of the events in Münster and Amsterdam in terms of rainfall intensity and water depth, is probably also the most important cause for the differences between the cities in terms of the suffered financial losses. Factors that significantly contributed to damage in at least one of the case studies are water contamination, the presence of a basement in the building and people's awareness of the upcoming event. Moreover, this study confirms conclusions by previous studies that people's experience with damaging events positively correlates with precautionary behaviour. For improving future damage data acquisition, we recommend to include cell-phones in a CATI survey to avoid biased sampling towards certain age groups.

scholarly journals Colonization’s features of the Black Sea basin by recent invader Anadara kagoshimensis (Bivalvia: Arcidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Revkov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Anadara Kagoshimensis ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
Mass Development

Lessepsian invader Anadara kagoshimensis is one of the important elements in the adaptive transformation of the Black sea shelf ecosystem in the second half of the XX century. The aim of the work is to analyse the Black Sea spatial and temporal colonization by this species according to the benthic database of Benthos Ecology Department of IMBR RAS (for the Crimean coasts) and literary sources for the whole Black Sea basin. The phases of this process are considered. A 10-year latency period followed after the first detection anadara in 1968 at Caucasian shelf. The main wave of anadara colonization in the Black Sea covered the Western and Eastern parts of the sea and fall within the period from second half of 1970s to 1980s. During that time period the extended development of A. kagoshimensis lead to forming own reproductive potential for next steps of expansion of this species to Anatolian and Crimean coasts in 1990s. About 20–25 years delay in detection of introduced species at the Northern and Southern parts of the Black Sea shelf, in presence at the Western and Eastern parts, could be an evidence of existing hydrological barrier between far distant nearshore areas of the Black Sea shelf. The reasons of the fluctuations in development of this species settlements are discussed. The phenomenon of introduction and mass development of A. kagoshimensis in the Black Sea during its the “most demand” period as a consumer of excess amount of organic matter, in conditions of eutrophication’s peak in the Black Sea basin at the end of 1980s – the beginning of 1990s is marked. Estuarine areas of the Black Sea shelf enriched by organic matter are the most favourable conditions for the mass development of this species. This quantitative rising is due to wide ecological plasticity and stress tolerance of A. kagoshimensis, which are determined by its physiological and biochemical adaptations to a hypoxic conditions often appearing during eutrophication. Based on parameters of abundance and biomass the actual implementation of A. kagoshimensis biotic potential in the Black Sea is revealed at least within Eastern and Western areas of the shelf, where peaks of its quantitative development is already passed in previous years. This conclusion for the Crimean sector is not obvious because of more recent invasion by anadara of this region. A decrease and stabilization of A. kagoshimensis development, with the exception of local zones near organic ”pollution” sources should be expected under maintaining the tendency of the basin deeutrophication.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Potential of Eco-Friendly Nematicides in the Management of Root-Knot Nematodes on French Beans in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
E. O. Ogumo ◽  
W. M. Muiru ◽  
J. W. Kimenju ◽  
D. M. Mukunya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp) are a serious pest causing heavy economic losses in a wide range of agricultural crops. A trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of various eco-friendly nematicides in the management of RKN affecting French bean. The field trial was carried out in two seasons with the following treatments; Rigel-G (salicylic acid), Phyto Protect (Sesame oil extract), Mytech (Paecilomyces lilacinus), Neemraj 0.3% (Azadirachtin), Vydate® (Oxamyl) as a positive control and an untreated control. Various rates; Rigel –G (2.5 ml/l), Phyto Protect (10 l/ha), Mytech (125 g/ha) Neemraj 0.3% (3L/ha) and Vydate® (6 l/ha) of treatments were administered and damage on plants was assessed based on galling indices, crop biomass and yield whereas nematode reproductive potential was assessed based on the J2 counts. There was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in the nematode population densities and galling indices observed among the eco-friendly nematicides and the conventional nematicide (Vydate®). Eco-friendly nematicides had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction of RKN J2 population densities compared to the negative control. The negative control had the highest mean of root-knot nematode densities (240 RKN/200 cc soil) and a galling index of 3.77 while Vydate and Neemraj had the lowest mean density (40 RKN/200 cc soil) in the first season. Similar results were observed in the second season with control having the highest RKN J2 population densities (285 RKN/200 cc soil) and a galling index of 3.89 and Vydate had the lowest (23 RKN/200 cc soil). The results of this study clearly indicate that eco-friendly nematicides can be fully adopted to suppress RKN in French beans as alternatives to conventional nematicides.

Equine Melanotic Disease

1971 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Levene
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blue Naevus ◽  
The Subject

After a description of the morbid anatomical and histological appearances of equine melanotic disease, the author provides a critical review of the literature. The histogenesis is demonstrably via dermal melanocytic proliferation. By comparing the equine disease with spontaneously occurring and chemically induced dermal melanocytic tumours in the hamster, and with the wide range of behaviour pattern seen in the human blue naevus, also the subject of a review, he concludes that equine melanotic disease is best considered as a special manifestation of the blue naevus phenomenon.

Complex Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Leading to Partial 4q/21q Duplications: Clinical Implication and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda T. Bellucco ◽  
Rodrigo A. Fock ◽  
Hélio R. de Oliveira-Júnior ◽  
Ana B. Perez ◽  
Maria I. Melaragno
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Clinical Implication ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similar Phenotype

Complex small marker chromosomes (sSMCs) consist of chromosomal material derived from more than 1 chromosome. Complex sSMCs derived from chromosomes 4 and 21 are rare, with only 7 cases reported. Here, we describe a patient who presented with a complex sSMC derived from a maternal translocation between chromosomes 4 and 21, which was revealed by G-banding, MLPA, and array techniques. The marker chromosome der(21)t(4;21)(q32.1; q21.2)mat is composed of a 25.6-Mb 21pterq21.2 duplication and a 32.1-Mb 4q32.1q35.2 duplication. In comparison to patients with sSMCs derived from chromosomes 4 and 21, our patient showed a similar phenotype with neuropsychomotor developmental delay and facial dysmorphism as the most important finding, being a composition of the findings found in pure 4q and 21q duplications. The wide range of phenotypes associated with sSMCs emphasizes the importance of detailed cytogenomic analyses for an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic counseling.

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