Phytoplankton Adaptation to Environmental Stresses from Toxicants, Nutrients, and Pollutants — a Warning

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Stockner ◽  
Naval J. Antia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollutant Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Test Chemical ◽  
Successful Adaptation ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Chronic Pollution

Examples are cited from the literature of phytoplankton-related pollution and nutrition studies where the possibility of successful adaptation and subsequent growth could have been overlooked because of insufficient duration of algal exposure to the pollutant or nutrient tested. We present evidence from our investigations where: a) initial algal exposures as long as 20–40 days to the pollutant or alternative nutrient may be required for successful adaptation, and b) phytoplankters initially tolerating only a low level of pollutant concentration could be trained to accept severalfold higher levels by repeated exposure to gradually increasing pollutant concentration A plea is made for future investigators to recognize the importance of long-term bioassays ascertaining algal potential for adaptation, in order that their results may be ecologically realistic for the purpose of environmental protection against chronic pollution and eutrophication. The short-term "shock" response should be clearly distinguished from the long-term habituation response of phytoplankters to the test chemical in these bioassays. Possible problems raising questionable objections to the long-term bioassay approach are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Policy Effect of China’s Environmental Interview System for Effective Air Quality Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9006
Author(s):  
Xue Jin ◽  
Ussif Rashid Sumaila ◽  
Kedong Yin ◽  
Zhichao Qi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interview System

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China formally proposed an environmental interview system in May 2014, which applies pressure on local governments to fulfill their responsibility toward environmental protection by conducting face-to-face public interviews with their officials. In this paper, 48 cities that were publicly interviewed from 2014–2020 were considered the experimental group and 48 cities surrounding them were the control group. First, the dynamic panel model is applied to initially determine the effect of the policy. Then, a regression discontinuity method (Sharp RD) is used to analyze the short-term and long-term effects and compare the reasons for the differences observed among the estimates of various types of samples. Finally, a series of robustness tests were also conducted. The results show that the environmental interview system can improve air quality. However, because an emergency short-term local governance system exists at present, the governance effect is not long-term and, therefore, not sustainable. Therefore, it suggests that the government should continue to improve the environmental interview system, establish an optimal environmental protection incentive mechanism, and encourage local governments to implement environmental protection policies effectively in the long term. The results of the research are of great significance to the environmental impact assessment system of the world, especially in countries with similar economic systems, which are facing a trade-off between economic growth and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals The Impact of Scarcity on Pro-environmental Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Sachdeva ◽  
James Shyan-Tau Wu ◽  
Jiaying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Willingness To Engage

As the world contends with the far-ranging impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing environmental crises have, to some extent, been neglected during the pandemic. One reason behind this shift in priorities is the scarcity mindset triggered by the pandemic. Scarcity is the feeling of having less than what is necessary, and it causes people to prioritize immediate short-term needs over long-term ones. Scarcity experienced in the pandemic can reduce the willingness to engage in pro-environmental behavior, leading to environmental degradation that increases the chance of future pandemics. To protect pro-environmental behavior, we argue that it should not be viewed as value-laden and effortful, but rather reconceptualized as actions that address a multitude of human needs including pragmatic actions that conserve resources especially during scarcity. To bolster environmental protection, systematic changes are needed to make pro-environmental behavior better integrated into people's lives, communities, and cities, such that it is more accessible, less costly, and more resilient to future disturbances.

Can Buspirone Induce Rebound, Dependence or Abuse?

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (S12) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Lader
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
And Control

Buspirone is a newer anxiolytic which differs chemically and pharmacologically from the benzodiazepines. The question as to whether buspirone can induce rebound, dependence, or abuse can be examined through a variety of clinical and control studies, as well as animal studies, together with meticulous follow-up of adverse reports. It is concluded that, on present evidence, the short-term use of buspirone is unlikely to be followed by rebound or long-term use through dependence; nor is abuse likely to be a problem.

Impacts of Rural Development and Their Assessment in Southeastern Asia

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Lohani ◽  
N. C. Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Development

The overall objective of development should be to improve the quality of people's lives, yet economic development without due environmental protection commonly leads to ecological or environmental impacts which have the reverse effect of reducing the quality of human life. A table showing some of the major environmental impacts that can result from uncontrolled rural development is presented to illustrate the fact that developmental activities with no environmental protection can be very seriously detrimental to the rural environment. Therefore, an environmental impact assessment, both short-term and long-term in scope, should be made of any major development scheme as a basis for drawing up strategies for minimizing undesirable impacts. Although a number of techniques are available for such impact assessment, the checklist and matrix approaches appear to be the most suitable for use in Southeast Asia, where impact studies are only just beginning to be introduced.

Effects of stress administered during pregnancy on reproductive capacity and subsequent development of the offspring of rats: prolonged effects on the litters of a second pregnancy

1984 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Stressed Group

ABSTRACT The effects of high-anxiety-producing stress administered to rats during pregnancy were studied. The birthweight of offspring of both sexes from the stressed group was found to be significantly lower compared to birthweights of rats from unstressed mothers. The subsequent growth rates, however, were not affected. Mortality rate was significantly higher in the stressed group, although litter size, gestation length and sex ratios were not affected. Mean plasma resting corticosterone levels of the young pups did not differ between the two groups although they rose significantly as they aged in all groups. The offspring of both sexes from stressed mothers responded differently from the controls when subjected to short-term stress (one session) in adulthood. Their increase in plasma corticosterone concentration was significantly below that of the controls. This difference in response was abolished with long-term stress (10 days) when the males, but not the females, had habituated to the stressor. The observed inability to respond adequately to a sudden environmental change suggests a defective emergency response. Lingering effects due to stressing were also found. Male offspring of a second litter, conceived by the original mothers 8 weeks after the discontinuation of stress, had significantly lower birthweights than those of the controls. The subsequent growth rate of neither sex was affected nor was the response to short-term stress. J. Endocr. (1984) 100, 301–306

Short-Term Changes in Cambial Growth and Endogenous IAA Concentrations in Relation to Phloem Girdling of Peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Dann ◽  
PH Jerie ◽  
DJ Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cambial Growth ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Ylacetic Acid

For 2-3 days after all except one of the secondary limbs of a peach tree were girdled, all limbs (including the non-girdled limb) shrank. Shrinkage and subsequent growth was greatest in the zone immediately above the girdle whereas growth was least immediately below. After initial shrinkage the growth rate of the cambium, at specific positions in relation to the girdle, was more-or-less constant and consistent with the long-term effect of the girdle at each position. The concentration of indole-3-ylacetic acid (IAA) extracted from the bark immediately above the girdle first increased sharply but then decreased to the level in the non-girdled limb. On the other hand, beneath the girdle the IAA concentration decreased by 75% and remained low. Thus, immediately above the girdle IAA concentration in the bark increased while the limb shrank, and declined before the cambial growth rate increased. Beneath the girdle, however, the concentration of IAA was severely depleted while growth of the limb was inhibited. The possible implications of these observations in relation to control mechanisms of cambial growth are discussed.

scholarly journals Short-term variations in Class I methanol masers?

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S242) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Preethi Pratap ◽  
Vladimir Strelnitski ◽  
Samantha Hoffman ◽  
Jenna Lemonias
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Class I ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Mass Star ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Methanol Masers

AbstractClass I methanol masers are found near regions of high-mass star formation and are pumped by collisions. Some indication of long-term variability in these masers has previously been reported (Kurtz et al. 2004). Here we will present evidence for variations in the intensity of the Class I methanol masers at 44 GHz on much shorter timescales. We present preliminary results of the observation of the 44 GHz Class I methanol transition toward sources in the DR21 region that indicates variability on timescales of days to possibly hours.

Conference on Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
L.M. Singhvi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Responsibility

Dr Singhvi’s views on sustainable development are presented. Dr Singhvi was always concerned for environmental protection. Sustainable development is necessary for preserving the future generations. He states that sustainable development has to strike a balance between environmental costs and industrial benefits, between the long term and the short term and between the global and the local. Making sustainable development is an international responsibility that needs to be taken care of by all those who want to make this earth peaceful and prosperous.

The Impact of Environmental Law on the Development of the City of Manado, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Flora Pricilla KALALO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Management And Conservation

The environmental laws provide protection, good management, and conservation for the nature. The enforcement of said law does not mean stopping or negating development activities in the area. Progress must go on in accordance to agreed-upon development programs. Such developments, which in this case take place in Manado, need to take into account the impact towards the environment, in accordance to Environmental Protection and Management Act No. 32 of 2009 so as to not contaminate or compromise the life-supporting nature, both short-term and long term. For that purpose, developments in Manado must be executed with respect to sustainable, environmentally friendly development concepts, so development and natural conservation efforts can progress alongside each other.  

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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