Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus and Bacterial Kidney Disease Appearing Concurrently in Populations of Salmo gairdneri and Salvelinus fontinalis

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis

An investigation into disease problems at a hatchery revealed the coexistence of bacterial kidney disease and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus in various lots of rainbow (Salmo gairdneri) and eastern brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout. During the study, increased mortality rates occurred in yearling brook trout with concurrent infections of bacterial kidney disease and IPN, but the mortality appeared to be primarily associated with the bacterial agent. Evidence is presented to indicate that infection with virus preceded the bacterial infection. Electron microscopic examination of kidney tissues showed that both agents could be found within the same cells.

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Occurrence at a Hatchery in Alberta

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

The presence of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus in brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow (Salmo gairdneri) trout was identified and further investigated. A high incidence of virus was found by virological examination of kidney tissue from yearling and older trout. By comparison, brook trout had a much higher incidence of virus than rainbow trout.The virus was isolated most frequently from the kidneys of both species of trout. These findings indicate that the examinations of peritoneal washes and feces is not adequate for the detection of IPN carrier fish.

Isolation of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus from the Blood and Blood Components of Experimentally Infected Trout

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Swanson ◽  
James H. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

Experimental infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was achieved in yearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and 7-mo-old brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) by intraperitoneal inoculation and by water contact, respectively. Blood removed periodically from both groups of fish was fractionated and various blood components examined for virus. IPNV was recovered consistently from the plasma and mononuclear-enriched blood fractions of the rainbow trout from 1 to 19 d postinoculation (DPI) and also was detected in the mononuclear fraction on 33 DPI. In the brook trout virus was recovered from 3 to 40 DPI in the plasma and from 7 to 40 DPI in the mononuclear fraction. Thus a viremia appeared to be important in the early stages of experimental IPNV infection and infectious virus was found both free in the plasma and in association with an undetermined cell population present in the mononuclear component of blood.Key words: infectious pancreatic necrosis, blood, fish disease, Salmo gairdneri, Salvelinus fontinalis

Susceptibility of Trouts of Different Species and Origins to Various Isolates of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1580-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Silim ◽  
M. A. S. Y. Elazhary ◽  
A. Lagacé
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

We investigated the susceptibility of trouts of different species and origins to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and the pathogenicity of three strains of IPNV for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of various origins and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of a single origin. Fish were inoculated by immersion in water containing 105 PFU of virus/mL for 6 h. Susceptibility to IPNV infection was assessed by counting dead fish over a period of 21 d after infection and on histological lesions in the pancreas, kidney, and intestine of the infected fish. Different species of trouts had different susceptibility to IPNV strain 3865. Brook trout had the highest mortality followed by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), whereas the least mortality occurred in lake trout. Brook trout from Crowford, Nebraska, were more than twice as susceptible as the same species from Baldwin Mills, Quebec. Rainbow trout also varied in susceptibility as a result of origin. Virus isolate 3B, originally isolated from chain pickerel (Esox niger), was less virulent than isolates 4495 or 3865 (both from trout). Hatcheries that use water from sources containing pickerel may increase their chances of IPN infection.Key words: trout species, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, resistance

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus: Comparative Frequencies of Isolation from Feces and Organs of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1064-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Frantsi ◽  
M. Savan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

When isolation of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus was attempted simultaneously from feces and organs of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), the virus was isolated more frequently from organs than from feces. However, the greater the degree of stress on the fish, the closer the number of isolations from feces appeared to approach that from organs, and the virus was isolated from both organs and feces of each of 10 fish accidentally exposed to low oxygen concentration for 4 days. The findings suggest that masked viral and bacterial infections may be detectable if fish are placed under stress.

Frequency of Detection and Survival of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in a Carrier Population of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Lake

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Carrier Population

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distributed from a hatchery into a small enclosed lake were examined for IPN virus carriers over a period of 21/2 yr. The carrier rate of 90% at the time of distribution decreased to 69%, but organ analysis showed differing trends in carrier rate. There was a decrease of virus in the pancreas–caeca (82–32%) and an increase in the feces (2–39%) whereas virus was detected to be present at a constant level in the kidneys (53–57%) and the spleen (8–14%). Virus was not detected in the gonads except for a few which yielded virus later in the sampling period.These data indicate that brook trout IPN carriers distributed from a hatchery into lakes do not readily lose their virus over a period of several years, and that both caeca and kidneys are organs of choice for the detection of virus.Neutralizing antibody levels were very low or nondetectable in the carrier population and could not be correlated with yield of virus.

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