Effect of Lime Neutralized Iron Hydroxide Suspensions on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Smith ◽  
J. L. Sykora ◽  
M. A. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The long-term effect of lime neutralized suspended iron on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) survival, growth, and reproduction was assessed in a flow-through environment with a modified proportional diluter. Results of 12 months of testing reveal lower survival and declining growth of fathead minnows with an increase in lime neutralized suspended iron concentration. Hatchability and growth of fathead minnows were appreciably reduced in the lowest insoluble iron concentration tested, 1.5 mg Fe/liter. Reduced hatchability was attributed to the higher percentage of smaller particles in low lime neutralized iron concentrations. A comparison of data on survival, growth, and hatchability indicates that the safe level of suspended iron for fathead minnows presumably lies between the control and 1.5 mg Fe/liter.

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Carbaryl (Sevin) on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

When fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to five concentrations (0.008–0.68 mg/liter) of the insecticide carbaryl for 9 months and throughout a life cycle, the highest concentration prevented reproduction and decreased survival. At the high concentration, testes contained motile sperm and ovaries were in a flaccid condition and appeared to be in a resorptive state. At the 0.68 mg/liter concentration, carbaryl appeared to contribute to mortality of larvae (produced by unexposed parents) within 30 days of hatching. Survival of young grown in the 0.008 mg/liter concentration was reduced. Since no demonstrable effects were noted for survival, growth, or reproduction at the 0.017, 0.062, and 0.21 mg/liter concentrations, this low survival value is considered not due to carbaryl. The 96-hr median tolerance concentration (TL 50) and the lethal threshold concentration (LTC) for 2-month-old fathead minnows were 9.0 mg/liter. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for fathead minnows exposed to carbaryl in water with a hardness of 45.2 mg/liter and a pH of 7.5 lies between 0.21 and 0.68 mg/liter. The application factors (MATC/96-hr TL50 and MATC/LTC) both lie between 0.023 and 0.075.

scholarly journals Captan Toxicity to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas), Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1811-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. Hermanutz ◽  
Leonard H. Mueller ◽  
Kenneth D. Kempfert
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The toxic effects of captan on survival, growth, and reproduction of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and on survival of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined in a flow-through system. In a 45-week exposure of fathead minnows, survival and growth were adversely affected at 39.5 μg/liter. Adverse effects on spawning were suspected but not statistically demonstrated at 39.5 and 16.5 μg/liter. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC), based on survival and growth, lies between 39.5 and 16.5 μg/liter. The lethal threshold concentration (LTC) derived from acute exposures was 64 μg/liter, resulting in an application factor (MATC/LTC) between 0.26 and 0.62. LTC values for the bluegill and brook trout were 72 and 29 μg/liter, respectively. The estimated MATC is between 44.6 and 18.7 μg/liter for the bluegill and between 18.0 and 7.5 μg/liter for the brook trout.The half-life of captan in Lake Superior water with a pH of 7.6 is about 7 hr at 12 C and about 1 hr at 25 C. Breakdown products from an initial 550 μg/liter of captan were not lethal to 3-month-old fathead minnows.

Chloramine Toxicity to the Amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1841-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Arthur ◽  
John G. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Gammarus Pseudolimnaeus

The amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus was subjected to 96-hr and 15-week exposures, and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to a 21-week exposure, to various chloramine concentrations under continuous-flow conditions. The most marked sublethal effects were reductions in the number of young produced by the amphipod and in egg production by the minnow. The 96-hr median tolerance limit for the amphipod was 220 μg/liter total chloramine. Fathead minnows in the long-term study were all killed at the highest concentration, 154 μg/liter total chloramine, within 3 days. The lowest measured total chloramine concentration in the long-term tests having no significant effect was < 3.4 μg/liter for the amphipod and 16.5 μg/liter for the fathead minnow.

Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Flow Through

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.

A Computer Simulation of the Effects of Superimposed Mortality Due to Pollutants on Populations of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Waller ◽  
Richard E. Sparks ◽  
John Cairns Jr. ◽  
M. L. Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Generation Cycle

This computer simulation study tested the effects of 99 levels of proportional mortality on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) populations, assuming that the parent–progeny relationship is of the form proposed by Ricker. Limited data from two studies on three lakes were available to fit the model and obtain estimates of parameters for fathead minnow populations. Based on these estimates, 25 replications of a 50-generation cycle were simulated under two levels of environmental variability. Arbitrary extinction levels of 5, 100, and 500 females had little effect on the results. Increasing environmental variation lowered the percentage mortality at which population extinctions occurred. In general, the results are compatible with the recommendation of the U.S. Committee on Water Quality Criteria, that the maximum concentration of zinc to which fish could be continuously exposed should not exceed [Formula: see text] the 96-hr TLm (median tolerance limit) — a concentration that caused a 50% reduction in the mean number of eggs laid per female by fathead minnows in a laboratory study.

Histopathological effects of crude oil on Atlantic cod following chronic exposure

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2038-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan ◽  
J. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Similar Concentration ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Kidney Lesions ◽  
Histopathological Effects

To assess the long-term effect on the tissues of marine fish, Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., were exposed to water-soluble fractions of Venezuelan and Hibernia crude oils at concentrations of 50–300 ppb for 12–13 weeks in a flow-through seawater system. Histopathological changes in oil-exposed fish included increased numbers of mucus-producing epithelial cells, capillary dilation, lamellar hyperplasia, and fusion of adjacent filaments in gills, microvesicular formation in hepatocytes, delayed spermatogenesis with intratubular multinucleated giant cells, and an increase of melanomacrophage centers in the spleen and kidney. Lesions were more prevalent and severe in fish exposed to Hibernia crude than to Venezuelan crude at a similar concentration.

Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the Diet arid Growth of Larval Fathead Minnows, Pimephales promelas, in Littoral enclosures

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Brazner ◽  
Edward R. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

A series of 12 littoral enclosures constructed within a 2 ha, mesotrophic pond near Duluth, Minnesota were used to determine if sublethal concentrations of the insecticide chlorpyrifos [0,0,-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] could lead to changes in the diet and growth of fathead minnow larvae. Chlorpyrifos was added to the enclosures at nominal concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 5.0, and 20.0 μg/L in a single application on June 16, 1986. Growth rates of larvae were significantly reduced in the treated enclosures during the 32-d study period. The most dramatic differences in the mean size of larvae from the four treatment groups were observed 15 d posttreatment. These differences corresponded to the most significant reductions in cladoceran, copepod, rotifer, and chironomid populations in the treated enclosures. These results indicate that toxicity to chlorpyrifos-sensitive invertebrate forage species forced dietary changes that led to reduced growth of native fathead minnow larvae in the treated enclosures.

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