Migration of Yearling Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as Determined by Time-Lapse Photography of Sonar Observations

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Shortest Route ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Main Lake ◽  
Similar Temperature ◽  
Position Indicator ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

The seaward migration of sockeye salmon smolts through the Babine Lake system to its outlet was examined by taking film records of the Plan-Position-Indicator display of a high-frequency sonar whereby each frame of film was exposed during one scan of the sonar unit. Frame-by-frame analysis of the films revealed information on speed, direction, and diurnal timing of migration of sockeye smolts during a 24-hr period.Migratory activity in the lake centered around dusk and dawn, a similar pattern to that near the outlet for smolts entering the river on their way to sea.Speeds of movements were 19–51 cm/sec (mean 30 cm/sec). Greatest velocities occurred at dusk and dawn. They were close to the maximum sustained swimming speeds determined under laboratory conditions for sockeye smolts of the same size and within similar temperature ranges as in the field.The most direct movements of targets were found at twilight, when migration activity was highest. In general, directional tendencies were consistent with the shortest route to the outlet. In some observations near the junction of Main Lake and Morrison and North arms, movements were observed which would lead the smolts away from the outlet. Consequences of such movements are discussed and compared with data from tagging operations.

Time-Lapse Photography of an ASDIC Echo-Sounder PPI-Scope as a Technique for Recording Fish Movements During Migration

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Groot ◽  
W. L. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Large Lake ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Scanning Rate ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

The use of time-lapse photography in combination with sonar as a means of observing the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolt migration in a large lake is discussed. A description of the gear used is given with some examples of the type of information that can be derived from this technique.The scanning rate of the sonar equipment used, combined with time-lapse photography, resulted in a compression of time to [Formula: see text] when scanning at a range of 400 ft and to [Formula: see text] at a range of 800 ft. A 24-hr period may thus be viewed on film in respectively S and [Formula: see text] when projected at a speed of 24 frames/sec. This speeded-up process facilitates separation of moving targets from stationary ones, even in the clutter of surface and/or ground echoes.Although subject to all the usual vagaries of target identification which accompany use of all echo-sounding gear, analysis of the movies with a time-motion projector appears to give meaningful information on such parameters as the speed and direction of migration or movement, and the distribution of migratory activity throughout a 24-hr period.

scholarly journals A time-lapse photography method for monitoring salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) passage and abundance in streams

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Deacy ◽  
William B. Leacock ◽  
Lisa A. Eby ◽  
Jack A. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Salmon Population ◽  
Video Systems ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

Accurately estimating population sizes is often a critical component of fisheries research and management. Although there is a growing appreciation of the importance of small-scale salmon population dynamics to the stability of salmon stock-complexes, our understanding of these populations is constrained by a lack of efficient and cost-effective monitoring tools for streams. Weirs are expensive, labor intensive, and can disrupt natural fish movements. While conventional video systems avoid some of these shortcomings, they are expensive and require excessive amounts of labor to review footage for data collection. Here, we present a novel method for quantifying salmon in small streams (<15 m wide, <1 m deep) that uses both time-lapse photography and video in a model-based double sampling scheme. This method produces an escapement estimate nearly as accurate as a video-only approach, but with substantially less labor, money, and effort. It requires servicing only every 14 days, detects salmon 24 h/day, is inexpensive, and produces escapement estimates with confidence intervals. In addition to escapement estimation, we present a method for estimating in-stream salmon abundance across time, data needed by researchers interested in predator--prey interactions or nutrient subsidies. We combined daily salmon passage estimates with stream specific estimates of daily mortality developed using previously published data. To demonstrate proof of concept for these methods, we present results from two streams in southwest Kodiak Island, Alaska in which high densities of sockeye salmon spawn.

The Mechanism of Cell-division

1953 ◽  
Vol s3-94 (28) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
M. M. SWANN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
White Light ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Psammechinus Miliaris ◽  
Energy Store ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

1. Developing eggs of the sea-urchin Psammechinus miliaris were subjected to carbon monoxide inhibition, which was controlled by changing from green to white light. The behaviour of the eggs was recorded by time-lapse photography. 2. If inhibition is applied before the eggs enter mitosis, their first cleavage is delayed by a time which is roughly equal to the period of the inhibition. 3. If the inhibition is applied when the cells have already entered mitosis, they complete mitosis and cleave with little or no delay, but their second cleavage is delayed by a time which is roughly equal to the period of the inhibition. 4. It is suggested that the necessary energy for the second mitosis and cleavage is being stored up during the first mitosis and cleavage, and that this energy store operates like a reservoir which is continually being filled but siphons out when it is full. Once the energy has siphoned out, it carries mitosis and cleavage through, even though the reservoir is not filling up because of carbon monoxide inhibition.

scholarly journals The determination of glacier speed by time-lapse photography under unfavorable conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (129) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Harrison ◽  
K.A. Echelmeyer ◽  
D.M. Cosgrove ◽  
C. F. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Horizontal Motion ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Alaska Range ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
West Fork ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

AbstractTwo practical problems in the use of time-lapse photography for the measurement of speed were encountered during the recent surge of West Fork Glacier in the central Alaska Range, Alaska, U.S.A. The first is severe rotational camera instability; we show how natural, unsurveyed features on the valley wall can be used to make the necessary corrections. The second problem is the computation of absolute speed when many different, unsurveyed glacier-surface features are used as targets. We give a method for connecting the data obtained from different targets, and for determining the scale using limited information obtained by surveying. Severe systematic errors can occur unless the angle between the axis of the lens and the direction of horizontal motion is determined.

scholarly journals Dynamin-related Protein Drp1 Is Required for Mitochondrial Division in Mammalian Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2245-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Smirnova ◽  
Lorena Griparic ◽  
Dixie-Lee Shurland ◽  
Alexander M. van der Bliek
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Mitochondrial Division ◽  
Transfected Cells ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

Mutations in the human dynamin-related protein Drp1 cause mitochondria to form perinuclear clusters. We show here that these mitochondrial clusters consist of highly interconnected mitochondrial tubules. The increased connectivity between mitochondria indicates that the balance between mitochondrial division and fusion is shifted toward fusion. Such a shift is consistent with a block in mitochondrial division. Immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation show that endogenous Drp1 is localized to mitochondria, which is also consistent with a role in mitochondrial division. A direct role in mitochondrial division is suggested by time-lapse photography of transfected cells, in which green fluorescent protein fused to Drp1 is concentrated in spots that mark actual mitochondrial division events. We find that purified human Drp1 can self-assemble into multimeric ring-like structures with dimensions similar to those of dynamin multimers. The structural and functional similarities between dynamin and Drp1 suggest that Drp1 wraps around the constriction points of dividing mitochondria, analogous to dynamin collars at the necks of budding vesicles. We conclude that Drp1 contributes to mitochondrial division in mammalian cells.

Variation in the naturally occurring rhythm of the estuarine amphipod, Corophium volutator (Pallas)

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Holmström ◽  
Elfed Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Recording Conditions ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Endogenous Activity ◽  
Free Running Period ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

The endogenous activity rhythm of the estuarine amphipod Corophium volutator has been studied by direct observation and with the use of time lapse photography. The rhythm persists under constant conditions having a free running period of between 12 and 13 h, and with activity maxima occurring during the early ebb. Freshly collected animals show a rhythm which is modulated on a semi-lunar basis, the activity maxima being attenuated during the neap tide periods, and the rhythm has also been found to vary in definition throughout the year. The activity pattern is most clearly denned in early summer and autumn, the population becoming arrhythmic during the winter months. The rhythm is relatively unaffected by the ambient light intensity and temperature of the recording conditions, and is evident in all post-natal stages of development. The possibility of mutual entrainment is discussed.

Observations of the deep-sea floor from 202 days of time-lapse photography

Nature ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 272 (5656) ◽  
pp. 812-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLEN Z. PAUL ◽  
EDWARD M. THORNDIKE ◽  
LAWRENCE G. SULLIVAN ◽  
BRUCE C. HEEZEN ◽  
ROBERT D. GERARD
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Time Lapse Photography
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