Pathological Effects in Formalin-Treated Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie E. Smith ◽  
Robert G. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Histopathological Changes

When rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to 167 and 250 ppm formalin for 1 hr, moribund fish showed severe histopathological changes in gill epithelium. Hematocrit values and numbers of immature red blood cells were increased, suggesting a physiological response to hypoxia. The results are discussed in relation to the probable cause of death.

Effects of adrenaline on ionic equilibria in red blood cells of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Heming ◽  
David J. Randall ◽  
Madeleine M. Mazeaud
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Ionic Equilibria

Ionic equilibria in red blood cells of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): Cl−, HCO3− and H+

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Heming ◽  
David J. Randall ◽  
Robert G. Boutilier ◽  
George K. Iwama ◽  
Dennis Primmett
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Ionic Equilibria

Uptake and Loss of Potassium by Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) in Fresh Water and Dilute Sea Water

1985 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. EDDY
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Potassium Influx

Potassium turnover was studied in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, adapted to fresh water or 22% sea water using 42K and 86Rb. Potassium space of the whole body increased with time and was about 5 mmol kg−1 after 20h, while Rb+ space under the same conditions was only about 0.5 mmol kg−1, indicating slow penetration of body K+ by Rb+, especially in muscle and red blood cells. Potassium influx, measured by decrease in specific activity of the medium, was 0.07 mmol kg−1 h−1 in fresh water and 0.48 mmol kg−1 h−1 in 22 % sea water; the values for efflux were comparable, indicating that unfed fish are able to maintain K+ balance. In both fresh water and dilute sea water, K+ fluxes are 5% or less of the simultaneous Na+ and Cl− fluxes. The mechanism for K+ fluxes is discussed in terms in K+-ATPases.

scholarly journals Short Circuiting of the Ocular Oxygen Concentrating Mechanism in the Teleost Salmo gairdneri Using Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Fairbanks ◽  
J. Russell Hoffert ◽  
Paul O. Fromm
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Retinal Tissue ◽  
Rete Mirabile ◽  
Counter Current

Ocular oxygen concentration by the process of counter current multiplication in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was rapidly suppressed after intraperitoneal injections of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor CL-11,366. The rapidity with which this drug acted suggested a short circuiting of the choroidal rete mirabile. A comparison was made between the time after injection of inhibitor at which oxygen concentrating ability was lost to the time after injection of inhibitor at which its presence in red blood cells, choroidal rete, pseudobranch, and retinal tissue was first noted. A scheme for the possible role of carbonic anhydrase from each of these tissues in the process of ocular oxygen concentration is given.

Synthesis of stress protein 70 (Hsp70) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red blood cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Currie ◽  
B Tufts
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Hsp70 Synthesis

Unlike enucleated mammalian red blood cells (rbcs), the nucleated rbcs of lower vertebrates are capable of protein synthesis and may, therefore, serve as a valuable model to investigate the adaptive significance of stress protein synthesis in cells. This study examined the synthesis of stress protein 70 (Hsp70) in rbcs of the temperature-sensitive rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in response to heat shock and anoxia. Through western blot analysis, we have demonstrated that rainbow trout rbcs synthesize Hsp70 both constitutively and in response to an increase in temperature. Radioisotopic labelling experiments indicated that the temperature at which Hsp70 synthesis was induced in fish acclimated to 10 °C was between 20 and 25 °C. Actinomycin D blocked de novo Hsp70 synthesis, implying that synthesis of Hsp70 is regulated at the level of transcription in rainbow trout rbcs. Since trout rbcs rely heavily on aerobic metabolism, but may also experience very low oxygen levels within the circulation, we also examined the relative importance of (1) anoxia as a stimulus for Hsp70 synthesis and (2) oxygen as a requirement for protein synthesis under control and heat-shock conditions. We found that trout rbcs were capable of protein synthesis during 2 h of anoxia, but did not increase Hsp70 synthesis. Moreover, rbcs subjected to combined anoxia and heat shock exhibited increases in Hsp70 synthesis that were similar in magnitude to those in cells exposed to heat shock alone. The latter results suggest that rainbow trout rbcs are (1) able to synthesize non-stress proteins during anoxia, (2) capable of tolerating periods of reduced oxygen availability without increased synthesis of stress proteins and (3) able to maintain the integrity of their heat-shock response even during periods of anoxia.

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