Lipid and Caloric Contents of the Relict Amphipod Pontoporeia affinis in Cayuga Lake, New York

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
High Lipid Content ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Cayuga Lake ◽  
Benthic Crustacean

The relict amphipod Pontoporeia affinis at 100 m depth in Cayuga Lake, New York, had a lipid content of 33.1% of dry weight, which is unusually high for a benthic crustacean. This high lipid content resulted in the unusually high caloric content of 5240 cal/g dry weight, and a mean annual standing crop of 370 cal/m2. Annual production was estimated to be 1565 cal/m2 per year. In confirmation of the high caloric value, P. affinis from an oligotrophic lake in northwestern Ontario had a caloric content of 4741 cal/g dry weight.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Fat Waste with Saponification Pre-Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifki Wahyu Kurnianto ◽  
Wiratni Budhijanto ◽  
Rochim Bakti Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
High Lipid Content ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Floating Layer

Anaerobic digestion has been an attractive field of research in the era of energy crisis. Biogas, which is the product of anaerobic digestion, provides alternative energy, while at the same time it also prevents pollution due to organic waste accumulation. Among various organic wastes, dairy fat waste is a potential substrate for anaerobic digestion. Fat waste has high theoretical biogas potential because of its high lipid content. However, anaerobic digestion of organic waste with high lipid content is quite challenging. The main obstacle in anaerobic digestion of fat waste is its tendency to form insoluble floating layer on top of the liquid phase. This phenomenon hinders the access of hydrolytic bacteria to the substrate. Saponification is one of the methods to increase the solubility of the floating layer and hence to improve the availability of substrate for the bacteria. Saponification changes the lipid content into soap which has both polar and non-polar functional groups and the polar side will increase the solubility of the substrate in water. This study evaluated the effect of different dosage of base added as the reactant during saponification pre-treatment on the productivity of anaerobic digestion of dairy fat waste. The kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process was analyzed by mean of mathematical model. The variations of the alkaline dosages studied for saponification pre-treatment were 0.04 mol base/g sCOD; 0.02 mol base/g sCOD; and no pre-treatment for control reactor. This study proved that saponification increased the solubility of dairy fat waste. This result was confirmed by the hydrolysis constant value (kH) of 0.00782/day for reactor with saponification, which was twenty times of magnitude higher than the kH value of 0.00032/day in the reactor without saponification. However, the exposure to high pH during the saponification pre-treatment might somewhat inhibit indigenous acidogenic bacteria in the waste which results in lower methane yield in the reactors with saponification to be compared to the control reactor. A B S T R A KPeruraian anaerobik merupakan salah satu bidang riset yang sangat menarik perhatian dalam era krisis energi. Biogas tidak hanya menyediakan energi alternatif, tetapi juga dapat mencegah pencemaran akibat limbah organik. Limbah lemak susu adalah substrat yang potensial untuk proses peruraian anaerobik karena memiliki potensi biogas teoritis yang tinggi akibat kandungan lemaknya yang tinggi. Namun, peruraian anaerobik dari limbah organik dengan kandungan lemak yang tinggi memiliki tantangan tersendiri. Hambatan utama dalam peruraian anaerobik dari limbah lemak susu adalah kecenderungan untuk membentuk lapisan padatan yang tidak larut dan mengapung di bagian atas fase cair. Fenomena ini menghambat akses bakteri hidrolisis terhadap substrat. Saponifikasi adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kelarutan lapisan padatan tersebut, sehingga meningkatkan ketersediaan substrat untuk bakteri. Saponifikasi akan mengubah kandungan lemak menjadi sabun yang memiliki gugus fungsi polar maupun non-polar. Gugus fungsi yang bersifat polar akan meningkatkan kelarutan substrat dalam air. Studi ini mengevaluasi pengaruh dari berbagai dosis larutan basa yang ditambahkan sebagai reaktan selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi terhadap peruraian anaerobik limbah lemak susu. Kinetika proses peruraian anaerobik dianalisis dengan menggunakan model matematika. Variasi dosis yang diamati pengaruhnya untuk perlakuan awal saponifikasi adalah 0,04 mol basa/g sCOD; 0,02 mol basa/g sCOD; dan nol (tanpa perlakuan awal saponifikasi). Dari penelitian ini, terbukti bahwa saponifikasi berhasil meningkatkan kelarutan limbah lemak susu dan juga ditunjukkan oleh nilai konstanta hidrolisis (kH) 0,00782/hari lebih tinggi dua puluh kali lipat dibandingkan dengan nilai kH 0,00032/hari pada reaktor tanpa saponifikasi. Akan tetapi, penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa bakteri asidogenik bawaan substrat terhambat kinerjanya oleh paparan pH yang tinggi selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi berlangsung sehingga hasil gas metan yang diperoleh lebih rendah daripada reaktor kontrol.

scholarly journals Isolation of a new Papiliotrema laurentii strain that displays capacity to achieve high lipid content from xylose

3 Biotech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nívea Moreira Vieira ◽  
Raquel Cristina Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Vanessa Kely de Castro Germano ◽  
Rafaela Zandonade Ventorim ◽  
Eduardo Luís Menezes de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
High Lipid Content ◽  
High Lipid

144 EXPRESSION OF ACETYL COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE α (ACCα) IN FELINE, CANINE AND PORCINE OOCYTES

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
C. Bolden ◽  
W. Abdela ◽  
T. Samuel ◽  
L. Simon ◽  
G. Wirtu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
High Lipid Content ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

High lipid content in in vitro–derived embryos of several species is associated with poor developmental potential and cryosurvival of oocytes. Lipid content of oocytes varies among species and embryonic lipid content is further influenced by the culture environment. In spite of the variation among species, the relative contribution of de novo lipid synthesis during oocyte maturation or subsequent embryonic development is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCα), the key rate-limiting enzyme of lipogenesis, in oocytes of 3 species with high lipid content. Ovaries of dogs and cats were collected from a local veterinary clinic and those of pigs from an abattoir. Cat and dog oocytes were recovered by the slicing method of the ovaries. Porcine oocytes were recovered by aspiration of ovarian follicles. Immediately after collection, oocytes were fixed for 30 min using a solution of 10% neutral buffered formalin. The ACCα enzyme expression was evaluated in porcine, cat and dog oocytes by immunofluorescence using a goat anti-human ACCα primary antibody followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-goat secondary antibody. The study was replicated, with negative controls, 3 times using ≥30 oocytes per species. Messenger RNA expression of ACCα gene was also evaluated in pig oocytes. The RNA was isolated from fat tissue, pooled good-quality oocytes (n = 30), pooled poor-quality oocytes (n = 30) and cumulus cells using the RNeasy Micro kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Complementary DNA was synthesised from 200 ng of RNA using Quantitect reverse-transcription kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Real-time PCR assays were carried out in duplicate and expression of ACCα mRNA levels relative to fat was determined. Oocytes and cumulus investment in cats, dogs and pigs strongly expressed ACCα. Expression of the protein was uniformly distributed through the entire ooplasm. The mRNA expression of ACCα in good- and poor-quality oocytes and cumulus cells relative to fat tissue was 11.5, 1.4 and 40.1%, respectively. Further studies are warranted on the dynamics of expression of ACC during in vitro maturation and the functional activity of the enzyme. We extend our appreciation to the Alabama Animal Alliance Inc. (Montgomery) for providing us with dog and cat ovaries; the Lambert-Powell Meats Laboratory of Auburn University for donating pig ovaries; and Dr. James Webster, Dr. Tsegaye Habtemariam and Dr. Abdalla Eljack for administrative support.

Responses of broiler chicks to dietary copra cake of high lipid content

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Panigrahi ◽  
D. H. Machin ◽  
W. H. Parr ◽  
J. Bainton
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
High Lipid Content ◽  
High Lipid
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