Species Composition and Structure of Benthic Infauna Communities off the Coast of Washington

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Lie ◽  
Dale S. Kisker
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Bottom Community ◽  
Benthic Infauna ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sand Bottom ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The deepwater mud-bottom community identified previously as one of three benthic infauna communities off the coast of Washington was found at mean depths of 154.5 m in sediments with a mean mud percentage of 50.09%. The most abundant species were the polychaetes Prionospio malmgreni, Sternaspis fossor, and Ninoë gemmea, the lamellibranchs Axinopsida serricata, Adontorhina cyclia, and Macoma carlottensis, and the amphipod Heterophoxus oculatus. The mean standing crop (ash-free dry weight) was 3.058 g/m2, with the echinoderms Brisaster latifrons, Ophiura lütkeni, and Amphioplus sp. and the polychaete Sternaspis fossor as the major contributors to the standing crop.The intermediate depth sand-bottom community was found at stations with a mean depth of 95.8 m in sediments with a mean sand percentage of 67.81%. The most abundant species were the polychaetes Magelona sp., Sternaspis fossor, Nephthys sp., and Haploscoloplos elongatus, the lamellibranchs Yoldia ensifera and Axinopsida serricata, and the amphipod Paraphoxus variatus. The mean standing crop was 2.533 g/m2, with the species listed above and the lamellibranch Macoma elimata as the major contributors to the standing crop.The shallow water sand-bottom community was found at stations with a mean depth of 36.0 m in sediments with a mean sand percentage of 96.33%. The most abundant species were the cumacean Diastylopsis dawsoni, the amphipods Ampelisca macrocephala and Paraphoxus obtusidens, the lamellibranchs Tellina salmonea and Macoma expansa, and the polychaete Owenia fusiformis. The mean standing crop was 1.398 g/m2, with the species listed above and the polychaetes Nephthys sp. and Chaetozone setosa and the lamellibranch Siliqua patula as the major contributors to the standing crop.There was a distinctly lower species diversity in the shallow water sand-bottom community than in the two communities in deeper waters.

Standing Crop of Benthic Infauna in Puget Sound and Off the Coast of Washington

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Lie
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Benthic Infauna ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Weak Trend

During the period May 28 to August 1, 1967, benthic infauna was collected at 37 stations in Puget Sound and off the coast of Washington. When large but rare species were excluded from the samples, the variability in standing crop (ash-free dry weight) among replicate samples was less than among means from different stations. The mean standing crop for the offshore stations was 1.92 g/m2, which is comparable with the standing crop on the shelf in the Gulf of Alaska, but less than half the mean standing crop for the Puget Sound stations; the difference may be explained in part by differences, previously reported, in primary productivity of the water masses. For the offshore stations there was a weak trend of increasing standing crop with depth. The standing crop at the shallow-water offshore stations, in substrates characterized as fine sand, was dominated by crustaceans and small lamellibranchs, whereas at the deeper stations, in sediments with high percentages of silt and clay, polychaetes and echinoderms were the most important contributors.

Long-term dynamics and destruction of marsh vegetation in the Kolokolkova Bay of the Barents Sea

2012 ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Lavrinenko ◽  
O. V. Lavrinenko ◽  
D. V. Dobrynin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The satellite images show that the area of marshes in the Kolokolkova bay was notstable during the period from 1973 up to 2011. Until 2010 it varied from 357 to 636 ha. After a severe storm happened on July 24–25, 2010 the total area of marshes was reduced up to 43–50 ha. The mean value of NDVI for studied marshes, reflecting the green biomass, varied from 0.13 to 0.32 before the storm in 2010, after the storm the NDVI decreased to 0.10, in 2011 — 0.03. A comparative analysis of species composition and structure of plant communities described in 2002 and 2011, allowed to evaluate the vegetation changes of marshes of the different topographic levels. They are fol­lowing: a total destruction of plant communities of the ass. Puccinellietum phryganodis and ass. Caricetum subspathaceae on low and middle marches; increasing role of halophytic species in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. typicum on middle marches; some changes in species composition and structure of plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. festucetosum rubrae on high marches and ass. Parnassio palustris–Salicetum reptantis in transition zone between marches and tundra without changes of their syntaxonomy; a death of moss cover in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum mackenziei var. Warnstorfia exannulata on brackish coastal bogs. The possible reasons of dramatic vegetation dynamics are discussed. The dating of the storm makes it possible to observe the directions and rates of the succession of marches vegetation.

scholarly journals Primary production and seasonal dynamics of the flora and fauna of the field stratum in a reserved field in Middle Finland

1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-385
Author(s):  
Timo Törmälä ◽  
Mikko Raatikainen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Underground Biomass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seasonal Aspects

The underground biomass of a reserved field which had not been cultivated for three years, exceeded that of the aboveground living vegetation throughout the year. The mean amount of the aboveground detritus, including both loose litter and rooted nonliving parts of the vegetation, was in dry weight 300 g/m2. It was at its minimum end of June and early July. The aboveground net primary production measured by the harvesting method was 405—415 g/m2. year depending on the way of calculation, and the underground production was 343 g/m2. year. Seasonal dynamics of the green biomasses of 56 taxa could be studied and five groups were formed on the basis of the time and duration of the biomass maxima. Using Renkonen’s and Sorensen’s indices three seasonal aspects of the vegetation could be distinguished. The leafhoppers were divided into three phenological groups, and three seasonal aspects were formed. The vertebrate fauna was scarce in the study area. Shrews were the most abundant species and e.g. five Sorex isodon were trapped. During the period of maximum standing crops the herbivores amounted to 0.3 % of the green biomass. The higher the trophic level the later it reached the maximum.

scholarly journals Producción secundaria de una población de Chione cancellata (Bivalvia: Veneridae) de la costa sur del Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela

2015 ◽  
pp. 913-919
Author(s):  
Antulio S Prieto A ◽  
Cenia Ramos ◽  
Dwight Arrieche
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Thalassia Testudinum ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Continuous Reproduction

Production and biomass of Chione cancellata, an abundant species in Thalassia testudinum sea beds, were studied from March, 1984 to May, 1985 in Guaracayal, Cariaco Gulf, Venezuela. The population distribution ranges were stable. Many individuals were 20-30 mm long (80%) and recruitment was low. The mean density was 45.54 ind m' with a mean standing dry weight biomass of 7.37 g m', both changed significantly with time. Growth rates in marked bivalves of different size classes was maximum in the period between 14-X- 1984 and 10-V-1985. A production of 17 .34 g m' year' was obtained using a method designed to study populations with continuous reproduction and indistinguishable age classes. The greatest production values were obtained for cockles 20 to 30 mm in length. Highest production was between 28-Il-1985 and 27-IV-1985. The annual tumover rate (PIB) was 2.65 year'.

scholarly journals Desert Nitrogen Cycles: Fecal Nitrogen From a Population of the Sahelian Tree Locust in Oman

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Standing Crop ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Fecal Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Population Outbreak ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nitrogen Cycles ◽  
Mohave Desert

This research quantifies the amount of nitrogen deposited by the tree locust, Anacridium melanorhodon, during an irregular population outbreak in an Acacia tortilis woodland in Oman. The average standing crop of feces was 65.28g m-2. The mean fecal crude protein and nitrogen were respectively, 20.14 and 3.22 g/100 gash-free dry weight. A hectare of this woodland would contain approximately 1.1 kg of fecal nitrogen beneath the trees. This single contribution by the locusts equals about one-third of the total standing crop of detrital nitrogen under perennial vegetation in a hectare of the Mohave Desert of North America. This, and the fact that grasshoppers are diverse and seasonally abundant in deserts, suggests they may be important organisms in nitrogen cycles.

scholarly journals Admixing Chaff with Straw Increased the Residues Collected without Compromising Machinery Efficiencies

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Suardi ◽  
Sergio Saia ◽  
Walter Stefanoni ◽  
Carina Gunnarsson ◽  
Martin Sundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
The One ◽  
Staple Crop

The collection of residues from staple crop may contribute to meet EU regulations in renewable energy production without harming soil quality. At a global scale, chaff may have great potential to be used as a bioenergy source. However, chaff is not usually collected, and its loss can consist of up to one-fifth of the residual biomass harvestable. In the present work, a spreader able to manage the chaff (either spreading [SPR] on the soil aside to the straw swath or admixed [ADM] with the straw) at varying threshing conditions (with either 1 or 2 threshing rotors [1R and 2R, respectively] in the combine, which affects the mean length of the straw pieces). The fractions of the biomass available in field (grain, chaff, straw, and stubble) were measured, along with the performances of both grain harvesting and baling operations. Admixing chaff allowed for a slightly higher amount of straw fresh weight baled compared to SPR (+336 kg straw ha−1), but such result was not evident on a dry weight basis. At the one time, admixing chaff reduced the material capacity of the combine by 12.9%. Using 2R compared to 1R strongly reduced the length of the straw pieces, and increased the bale unit weight; however, it reduced the field efficiency of the grain harvesting operations by 11.9%. On average, the straw loss did not vary by the treatments applied and was 44% of the total residues available (computed excluding the stubble). In conclusion, admixing of chaff with straw is an option to increase the residues collected without compromising grain harvesting and straw baling efficiencies; in addition, it can reduce the energy needs for the bale logistics. According to the present data, improving the chaff collection can allow halving the loss of residues. However, further studies are needed to optimise both the chaff and the straw recoveries.

scholarly journals Strongylids (Nematoda: Strongylidae) in two zebra species from the “Askania-Nova” Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine: biodiversity and parasite community structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
T. Kuzmina ◽  
V. Kharchenko ◽  
N. Zvegintsova ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
J. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Equus Grevyi ◽  
Equus Burchelli ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Number Comparison ◽  
Grevy’S Zebra ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

AbstractSpecies composition and structure of strongylid (Nematoda: Strongylidae) community were examined in 15 plains zebras (Equus burchelli) and 8 Grevy’s zebra (Equus grevyi) kept in the “Askania-Nova” Biosphere Reserve (Ukraine). Strongylids were collected from zebras in vivo following deworming with the “Univerm” (0.2 % aversectin C, Russia). Twenty-two strongylid species (3 species of subfamily Strongylinae and 19 — of Cyathostominae) were found. In plains zebras, 21 strongylid species were found; from 3 to 14 species per host. In Grevy’s zebras, 18 strongylid species were recorded; from 4 to 14 species per host. Cyathostominae dominated in the communities of both zebra species; they composed more then 99 % of strongylid number. Comparison of strongylid biodiversity in plains zebras from the “Askania-Nova” reserve with data collected from four African countries showed low similarity of strongylid faunas in zebras from Ukraine and Africa; the strongylid community was similar to those of domestic ponies from the same area.

THE EFFECT OF INGESTED CHLORTETRACYCLINE ON SOME HYDROLASES AND ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS IN GROWING PIGS: II. PROTEASE, AMYLASE, AND GELLULASE ACTIVITY OF THE CONTENTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE AND OF THE CECUM; WEIGHTS OF SMALL INTESTINE AND MUCOSA

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Vonk ◽  
L. W. McElroy ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Four treatments, involving differences in method of feeding and interval between last feed and slaughter, were employed in a study of the effect of dietary chlortetracycline on protease, amylase, and cellulase activity in the intestinal and cecal contents of 16 pairs of weanling pigs. Most consistent results were obtained with six pairs which were limited pair-fed except for the final feeding during which feed was available ad libitum for a 4-hour period ending 18 hours before slaughter. The mean total activities of all three hydrolases in the contents of the small intestines and of the ceca of the antibiotic-fed animals of these six pairs were significantly greater than in those of the control animals. Expressed as activity per gram dry matter of intestinal contents, significantly higher values for protease and amylase, but not for cellulase, were observed in the pigs that had received chlortetracycline. When the combined results obtained from all 16 pairs of the experimental animals were analyzed, the results showed that on a basis of activity per gram dry matter of intestinal contents, ingested chlortetracycline was associated with significant increases in amylase and cellulase but not in protease activity. Protease, amylase, and cellulase activities per gram dry matter of cecal contents were higher for pigs fed the antibiotic than for their controls. The mean wet weight of the empty small intestine and the mean dry weight of the mucosa scraped from the anterior 3-meter section of the small intestine were lower for the chlortetracycline-fed animals, but the differences were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Use of the copepod Oithona hebes as a bioencapsulator of essential fatty acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Vanacor Barroso ◽  
Breno Barroso Boos ◽  
Rosemar Antoniassi ◽  
Luiz Fernando Loureiro Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Chaetoceros Gracilis ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conical Tanks ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe advantages of using copepods in aquaculture include nutritional superiority, high digestibility and broad spectrum of sizes, with the possibility of bioencapsulation of nutrients, probiotics and medicines. This study aimed to compare the effects of feeding copepods with a microalgae diet and two commercial inert diets on the copepod culture performance and their fatty acid profile. Wild copepods were collected in the estuarine system of Piraquê-açu River, Aracruz, Espírito Santo, Brazil, with a conical net of 60 cm in diameter and 200 μm mesh with a blind cup end, towed through the subsurface layer at a speed of 1 knot for 5 minutes. Once collected, the material was sieved in order to select only Oithona hebes. The experiment was conducted in nine cylindrical-conical tanks with a 60 L capacity, salinity of 25.8 ± 1.3, temperature of 25.5 ± 0.5 ºC and weak aeration, stocked with a density of 1.5 copepod/mL. Treatments were made in triplicate and consisted of: Treatment 1 (Control) fed with microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis and Nannochloropsis oculata (1:1) with 50,000 cells.mL-1each; Treatment 2 with S.Parkle® INVE (1g.million-1); and Treatment 3 with freeze-dried spirulina (1g.million-1). The mean final population was compared by a Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results showed higher population growth for copepods treated with S.parkle, which was the only treatment that presented copepodites. S.parkle was a good source of total lipids (9.54 g.100g-1 dry weight), high availability of DHA, EPA and had a good DHA:EPA:ARA ratio of 12.4:3.4:1.0. Copepods that were fed S.parkle had the highest DHA levels and a DHA:EPA:ARA ratio of 15.4:2.2:1.0. This study showed that S.parkle is a good inert food for rearing the copepod O. hebes, demonstrating the ability of copepods to bioencapsulate nutrients, allowing their transfer in the food chain.

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