Efficiencies of Various Grabs and Corers in Sampling Freshwater Benthos

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1691-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Flannagan
Keyword(s):  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Lake Winnipeg ◽  
Soft Sediments ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Small Improvement ◽  
Better Than

None of several samplers compared in limited tests in Lake Ontario gave realistic estimates of benthos in all substrates encountered. The Ponar and Shipek grabs, the only samplers that functioned in gravel, came closest to all-sediment samplers. In sand, however, the Franklin–Anderson grab appeared to be much more efficient than either of these two samplers. In mud the Ekman grabs gave the highest mean numbers of animals per m2.In trials in Lake Winnipeg profundal mud, hand-taken diver's core samples being used as a quantitative standard, only the Fisheries Research Board multiple corer and the standard Ekman grab gave quantitative results for total macrobenthos. However, the multiple corer collected significantly fewer chironomids, and the standard Ekman grab significantly fewer oligochaetes, than did the diver's cores. There were indications that the tall Ekman grab was either not tall enough or too heavily weighted for use in soft sediments and that a small improvement in design could make both this and the standard Ekman more efficient. Most of the samplers apparently sampled some groups of organisms much better than others. Neither the Ponar grab nor the tall weighted Ekman grab sampled the chironomid or oligochaete populations satisfactorily. However, both grabs indicated densities of sphaeriids not significantly different from the diver's samples.

scholarly journals Impact of Unusual Features in Credit Scoring Problem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Vercosa ◽  
Rodrigo Lira ◽  
Rodrigo Monteiro ◽  
Kleber Silva ◽  
Jailson Magalhaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Perceptron ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Unusual Feature ◽  
The Real ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Small Improvement ◽  
Better Than

Standard features used for Credit Scoring includes mainly registration and financial data from customers. However, exploring new features is of great interest for financial companies, since slight improvements in the person score directly impact the company revenue. In this work, we categorize features from open credit scoring datasets and compare them with the features found in a real company dataset. The company dataset contains unusual feature groups such as historical, geolocation, web behavior, and demographic data. We performed bivariate tests using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov metric and features to assess the performance of the particular feature groups. We also generated a score of good payer by using AdaBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, and XGBoost algorithms. Then, we analyzed the results with different metrics and compared them with the real company results. Our main finding was that these features added a small improvement to current datasets. We also identified the most promising feature groups and noticed that the tuned XGBoost performed better than the company solution in three out of four deployed metrics.

scholarly journals Compton scattering tomography for agricultural measurements

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo E. Cruvinel ◽  
Fatai A. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Transmission Tomography ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents a new approach in tomographic instrumentation for agriculture based on Compton scattering, which allows for the simultaneous measurements of density and moisture of soil samples. Compton tomography is a technique that can be used to obtain a spatial map of electronic density of samples. Quantitative results can be obtained by using a reconstruction algorithm that takes into account the absorption of incident and scattered radiation. Results show a coefficient of linear correlation better than 0.81, when comparison is made between soil density measurements based on this method and direct transmission tomography. For soil water contents, a coefficient of linear correlation better than 0.79 was found when compared with measurements obtained by time domain reflectrometry (TDR). In addition, a set of Compton scatter images are presented to illustrate the efficacy of this imaging technique, which makes possible improved spatial variability analysis of pre-established planes.

Contrasting strategies of ova lipid provisioning in relation to maternal characteristics in three walleye (Sander vitreus) populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Wiegand ◽  
T A Johnston ◽  
W C Leggett ◽  
K E Watchorn ◽  
A J Ballevona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sander Vitreus ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Lake Winnipeg ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Reserves

We examined how the lipid content and fatty acid composition of walleye (Sander vitreus) ova varied with respect to maternal characteristics, particularly indices of body nutrient reserves, within three spawning populations that varied in maternal age, size, and somatic lipid reserves. We also compared the variability in ova lipid composition among three populations with that observed among spawning years within one of these populations. Maternal characteristics had little influence on ova lipid content. In Lake Ontario, percentages of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3), DHA) and arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6), AA) increased with maternal length, while those of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n-3), EPA) declined. In Lake Nipissing, maternal age had similar effects on AA and EPA, but not DHA. The Lake Winnipeg population did not conform to the trends of the other two populations, and ova from this population had very low levels of AA. We hypothesize that there are similar selection pressures on the Lake Ontario and Lake Nipissing populations with respect to desirable ova fatty acid profiles. Lake Winnipeg walleye may experience different selection pressures or may be unable to conform to the trends observed in the other two lakes.

scholarly journals Triboelectricity and friction. VII.—Quantitative results for metals and other solid elements, with silica

1932 ◽  
Vol 138 (836) ◽  
pp. 502-514 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silica Tube ◽  
Constant Length ◽  
Single Spot ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Charged System ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Better Than

For research in triboelectricity ( i. e. , frictional electricity), metals and silica are pre-eminently suitable; they are hard, chemically simple, and their surfaces can easily be cleansed. Systematic work on these materials is described in a previous paper of this series. We have gone over the ground again using improved apparatus and methods; and the results, which in the earlier paper were little better than qualitative, may now claim quantitative rank. Comparison of the two sets of results shows that they are in substantial qualitative agreement. The process throughout this series of papers is to rub one solid on the other in a machine which maintains constant pressure and constant length of rub; in the present case a metal or other rod is rubbed on a silica tube. The silica is surrounded in part by a metal inductor connected by wire to an electrometer, so that the charge produced by friction on the silica induces a charge on the inductor and electrometer. A reading is taken on the electrometer; and by calibrating the system with known voltages, the electrometer readings are known in volts. Since the capacity of the charged system remains constant, the charges generated vary as the readings in volts. The former method of rubbing the surfaces is shown in fig. 1 ( a ) where the upper rod A in its stroke bears with one spot on a succession of spots of the lower rod B. Thus the single spot in the upper rod rubbed throughout the stroke becomes hotter and more strained than any spot on the lower rod. Such differential treatment of the two surfaces with its complicating effect on the physical action of the friction, we now avoid, as follows: place the lower rod at 45° to the line of run of the upper one, fig. 1 ( b ), so that when A moves forward, a succession of points on it come in contact with a succession of points in B. In this way the treatment of the two surfaces is equalised.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the activity of terpenes and cannabidiol against Human Coronavirus E229

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Chatow ◽  
Adi Nudel ◽  
Iris Nesher ◽  
David Hayo Hemo ◽  
Perri Rozenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe activity of a new, terpene-based formulation, code-named NT-VRL-1, against Human Coronavirus (HCoV) strain 229E was evaluated in human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells), with and without the addition of cannabidiol (CBD). The tested formulation exhibited an antiviral effect when it was pre-incubated with the host cells prior to virus infection. The combination of NT-VRL-1 with CBD potentiated the antiviral effect better than the positive controls pyrazofurin and glycyrrhizin. There was a strong correlation between the quantitative results from a cell-viability assay and the cytopathic effect seen under the microscope after 72 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of activity of a combination of terpenes and CBD against a coronavirus.

scholarly journals Study of a self-scouring outfall in Lake Ontario by physical and computer modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanil Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
High Water ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

Coastal outfalls that discharge storm water and/or sewerage into bodies of water are part of a collection of critical municipal infrastructure that must be kept functioning properly at all times so as to avoid expensive frequent maintenance and environmental problems. The Green Road costal outfall pipe, located in an embayment on the shores of Lake Ontario in the City of Hamilton, is subject to sediment plugging by waves that transport sediments from an eroding bluff to the east into the study outfall pipe, thereby reducing its hydraulic discharge capacity. To alleviate the problem of outfall blockage, a 1:15 scale undistorted physical (hydraulic) model ws designed and built at the National Water Research Institute (NWRI) to study the performance of a self-scouring outfall (SSO), a structure that utilizes combination of wave run-up slopes, converging walls and steep outlet channels to promote self-cleansing with respect to sediment to prevent direct sediment intrusion into the outfall pipe. A commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model FLUENT, was used to study the internal hydrodynamics of the complex outfall structure. Results from the physical model determined that the performance of the SSO is a function of wave direction, water level, wave height and period, as well as sediment characteristics. Model results indicate that a SSO built on the shores of Lake Ontario would be able to scour a greater amount of sediment in conjunction with a high water level and wave height of 75.07 m and 1.95 m, respectively. A modified SSO design reduced sedimentation on the wave run-up slopes by more than 25% and was 100% effective in preventing direct sediment intrusion. The structure performed exceptionally better than a traditional outfall in terms of sediment handling. Therefore, it is expected a municipality can save a great deal of money on cleanouts by installing a self-scouring outfall to prevent outfall plugging.

Isomers of Dechlorane Plus in Lake Winnipeg and Lake Ontario Food Webs

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 2249-2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg T. Tomy ◽  
Kerri Pleskach ◽  
Nargis Ismail ◽  
D. Michael Whittle ◽  
Paul A. Helm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dechlorane Plus ◽  
Lake Winnipeg

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Activity of Terpenes and Cannabidiol against Human Coronavirus E229

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Lior Chatow ◽  
Adi Nudel ◽  
Iris Nesher ◽  
David Hayo Hemo ◽  
Perri Rozenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Better Than

The activity of a new, terpene-based formulation, code-named NT-VRL-1, against Human Coronavirus (HCoV) strain 229E was evaluated in human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells), with and without the addition of cannabidiol (CBD). The main constituents in the terpene formulation used for the experiment were beta caryophyllene, eucalyptol, and citral. The tested formulation exhibited an antiviral effect when it was pre-incubated with the host cells prior to virus infection. The combination of NT-VRL-1 with CBD potentiated the antiviral effect better than the positive controls pyrazofurin and glycyrrhizin. There was a strong correlation between the quantitative results from a cell-viability assay and the cytopathic effect seen under the microscope after 72 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of activity of a combination of terpenes and CBD against a coronavirus.

scholarly journals Measurement and Impact Factors of Speed of Reviews and Integration in Continuous Software Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Staron ◽  
Wilhelm Meding ◽  
Ola Söder ◽  
Magnus Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Software ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Software Deployment ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Software Code ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Continuous integration and continuous software deployment depend on the mix of automated and manual activities. The automated build and test processes are often intertwined with manual reviews and bug-fixing activities. In this paper, we set o to study how these manual and automated activities influence the speed of reviews and integration. We conduct a case study of two companies developing embedded software, measure the time required for reviewing and integrating software code (alias speed), and conduct a workshop to identify factors which explain the quantitative results. Our results show that the measurement of speed is a good alias for calendar time and triggers improvements better than using measures for velocity. We have also found that the distribution of code repositories, frequent reminders and team proximity decrease the time needed to deploy the software. Our findings are that there is a difference in the structure of code repositories between the fast and slow integration cases, which contributes to the debate on the pros and cons of different repository structures in modern companies.

Insights into the Connaught sequence of the Timiskaming varve series from Frederick House Lake, northeastern Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Acoustic Profile ◽  
Lake Ojibway

A sub-bottom acoustic profile survey encountered a mass transport deposit (MTD) bed, 5-7 m thick, interbedded within glaciolacustrine deposits of glacial Lake Ojibway at Frederick House Lake, Ontario. Analysis of the thickness patterns of rhythmic couplets in recovered core samples revealed that the Connaught sequence, the youngest of the Timiskaming varve series, immediately under- and overlie the MTD. Comparison to regional published varve series reveals two possible interpretations for the varve numbering. One, varve(v) 2066 to v2115, requires the inference of a 55 varve year (vyr) disconformity just below the Connaught sequence, while alternative numbering, <i>v2011a</i> to <i>v2060a</i> (<i>a</i> – alternative), extends continuously from older varves. Circumstantial evidence supporting the alternative numbering is: i) the uncertainty of applying a common 55 vyr disconformity to three varve series located up to 23 km apart and which otherwise exhibit closely matching thickness plots; ii) the lack of evidence of an erosive unconformity in the sub-bottom acoustic profiles from Frederick House Lake; and iii) the uncertain varve count within a key part of the Matagami series, located abut 300 km away and from which the 55 vyr disconformity is extrapolated. At Frederick House Lake, the alternative numbering indicates that the maximum position of the Cochrane ice advance and the Connaught varves may be, in effect, contemporary in age. More broadly, the alternative numbering indicates that the youngest known varve that formed before the terminal drainage of glacial Lake Ojibway is <i>v2074a</i> rather than v2129 in the original numbering.

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