Effects of Gravel Size, Egg Depth, and Egg Density on Intragravel Movement and Emergence of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Alevins

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1191-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Dill ◽  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Gravel Size ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
The Mean

In experimental aquaria with large gravel (3.2–6.3 cm), vertical and lateral movements of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) alevins were more extensive and area utilized per alevin was greater than in small gravel (1.9–3.2 cm). At low density (50 per aquarium) the alevins moved farther towards the inlet, but the mean area occupied per alevin was the same as that at high density (100 per aquarium). Burial depths tested (20 and 30 cm) had no significant effect on vertical or lateral movements or on area utilized per alevin. Alevin orientation in the gravel, survival to emergence, and timing of emergence were not affected by any of the environmental variables examined.

scholarly journals Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with the incidence of preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Intje S Dahlan ◽  
Mardiah Tahir ◽  
Efendi Lukas ◽  
St. Maisuri T Chalid
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Hospital Department ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: to find out  the correlation between lipid profille at trimester II of pregnancy and the incidence.of preeclampsia Method : The research  was conducted in the Polyclinic of Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Medicine, and it network in Makassar city from March, 2015 through March, 2016. The research used was the prospective cohort design. Results : The examination of the lipid levels of 115 pregnant mothers, aged 24-28 weeks. The mothers were then observed whether they experienced preeclampsia up to the time they gave birth or not. In the end, 8 subjects (6.9%) experienced preeclampsia and 107 subjects (93.1%) have no preeclampsia. The statistical analyses used Fisher’s Exact test and Mann Whitney test. The research results indicated that the mean value of the total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) was higher in the preeclampsia group compared to the non-preeclampsia group: 267.37 ± 64.12 : 238 ± 37.98; 177.38 ± 55.38 : 157.24 ± 35.08 (p>0.05). The mean value of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) was lower in the preeclampsia group compared to the non-preeclampsia group: 64.75 ± 14.64 : 67.86 ± 16.72 (p>0,05). The mean value of trigliserida in preeclampsia group was significantly higher (19,5%) compared thanin the non-preeclampsia group: 260.12 ± 58.86 vs 209.14 ± 65.10 (p=0,027). Conclusion : The hypertrigliseridemia was correlated with the preeclampsia incidence. Keywords:preeclampsia, lipid profile, trimester II of pregnancy   Abstrak Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan antara profil lipid kehamilan trimester II dengan kejadian preeklamsia. Metode : Penelitian dilaksanakan di Poliklinik RS jejaring pendidikan Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi Fakulltas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin dan Poliklinik Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak di beberapa Puskesmas Kota Makassar selama Maret 2015 sampai dengan Maret 2016. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah prospektif  kohort. Hasil: dari 115 ibu hamil dilakukan pemeriksaan  kadar lipid, 115 ibu hamil pada usia kehamilan 24 – 28 minggu, kemudian diamati apakah subyek mengalami preeklamsia hingga proses persalinan. Terdapat delapan subyek (6,9%) berkembang menjadi preeklampsia dan 107 subyek tidak preeklamsia. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai mean kolesterol total dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) lebih tinggi pada kelompok preeklampsia dibandingkan kelompok tidak preeklamsia, yaitu 267,37 ± 64,12 : 238,01 ± 37,98; 177,38 ± 55,38 : 157,24 ± 35,08 (p>0,05). Nilai mean High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) lebih rendah pada kelompok preeklamsia dibandingkan tidak preeklamsia yaitu 64,75 ± 14,64 : 67,86 ± 16,72 (p>0,05). Nilai mean trigli seri daripada kelompok preeklamsia secara signifikan lebih tinggi 19,5 % dibandingkan kelompok tidak preeklamsia, yaitu 260,12 ± 58,86 : 209,14 ± 65,10 (p=0,027). Kesimpulan : Hiper trigli seridemia berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklamsia. Kata kunci : preeklamsia, profil lipid, kehamilan trimester II    

Determination of high-density lipoprotein phospholipids in serum.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1275-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Color Development ◽  
The Mean

Abstract I describe a method for measuring high-density lipoprotein phospholipids. Magnesium chloride and dextran sulfate are used to precipitate all low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins. The supernate contains only high-density lipoproteins, the phospholipid concentration of which is determined by an enzymic method. The precision of the method (CV) is 2.35% (10 repeated assays), and the mean value for HDL-phospholipids was 1006 (SD 248) mg/L for 30 apparently healthy subjects. I used electrophoresis and enzymic color development to confirm the presence of HDL-phospholipids. Results are compared with those obtained by an ultracentrifugation method.

Effects of stand density on outcrossing rate in two Norway spruce (Picea abies) populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2704-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Morgante ◽  
G. G. Vendramin ◽  
P. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Key Words Mating System

The mating system was investigated in two neighbouring Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) populations with markedly different stand densities. The amount of outcrossing was estimated using open-pollinated array data at four enzyme loci. Multilocus estimates of the proportion of viable progeny owing to outcrossing were 0.956 and 0.955 for the low- and high-density stand, respectively, indicating that the large reduction in stand density had no impact on outcrossing rates. The multilocus estimate was higher than the mean single-locus estimate only for the low-density stand. The lowering of the mean estimate in the low-density stand is probably a consequence of the clustering of related individuals. The regression of pollen allele frequencies on ovule genotype, which is a direct measure of the effective selfing caused by consanguineous matings, had a significant coefficient for the low-density stand and a nonsignificant one for the high-density stand. This obvservation confirms that the major effect of low-stand density in Norway spruce is the occurrence of consanguineous matings. Key words: mating system, outcrossing rate, inbreeding, Norway spruce, stand density.

Survival, Ocean Growth, and Ocean Distribution of Differentially Timed Releases of Hatchery Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1216-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Mathews ◽  
Yukimasa Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Release Date ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Coos Bay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Marine Survival

Estimates of growth rates in early ocean life and length frequency distributions at time of release for adult survivors were inferred from scale measurements for lots of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) released at several dates from a Columbia River hatchery (Big Creek) and a southern Oregon hatchery (Coos Bay). Analysis of these measurements failed to support either of two literature-suggested hypotheses for the variability of marine survival of hatchery coho by date of release: (1) intraseasonal variability of food supply during early marine life; and (2) intraseasonally improving ability of smaller individuals within release lots to convert to salt water. Marine survival improved substantially with date of release at both hatcheries. However, fish released earliest, which survived relatively poorly, grew as fast in early marine life as fish released later, which survived better. Thus, poor survival of the early released fish did not appear related to lack of food at early ocean life. For the Big Creek hatchery, no significant differences were seen between the mean lengths at date of release and the mean release-date lengths of adult survivors back calculated from their scales, for lots released on May 5, June 3, and July 2. Apparently, small and large fish of each lot survived with equal probability. For the Coos Bay hatchery, the mean release-date lengths of adult survivors were significantly larger than the mean lengths of all fish released, for each of six lots released between early June and late July. Thus, large fish apparently survived better than small ones within each of these six lots. But there was no seasonal trend in survivability of small fish relative to large ones, contrary to hypothesis (2)

Electrophoretic Variation, Regional Differences, and Gene Flow in the Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of Southern British Colombia

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F. Wehrhahn ◽  
R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Last Ice Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
British Colombia ◽  
River Fish

Populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in southern British Columbia were assayed for genetic variation at 26 enzyme loci. The mean heterozygosity was only 0.25 ± 0.06%. Previously studied wild Oregon cohos had a mean heterozygosity of 1.36 ± 0.37% compared with 0.30 ± 0.09% in Lower Coastal Mainland and 0.13 ± 0.08% in Upper Fraser River fish for the same enzyme loci. A plausible explanation for the very low mean heterozygosity is that British Columbia coho salmon went through an extreme population bottleneck during or after the last ice age. Lower Coastal Mainland salmon are significantly different from the fish of Vancouver Island and can be easily distinguished from Oregon and Capilano Hatchery (Coastal Mainland, B.C.) fish, it should be feasible to determine the relative proportions of different stocks in large oceanic coho salmon samples. The maximum likelihood estimate of the migration rate between spawning populations is 5.8 ± 1.2 breeding adults per generation. This is enough to prevent adaptation to local habitats by small populations of fewer than 100 breeding adults, but it is not high enough to impede selection in large populations of 1000 or more breeding adults.

Overwintering habitats of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and other juvenile salmonids in the Keogh River system, British Columbia

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Swales ◽  
F. Caron ◽  
J. R. Irvine ◽  
C. D. Levings
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
River System ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Dolly Varden Char ◽  
Main River ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Density And Biomass

Catches of overwintering juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Keogh River system, Vancouver Island, were higher in two small (8 and 25 ha), shallow (mean depth 2 – 3 m) lakes and their outlet and inlet streams than in the main river, where steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) were predominant. Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), and threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were also present in the lakes. The distribution of coho salmon in the lakes was restricted largely to areas close to the bank, with few fish being captured in offshore areas or in mid-water. Apparent differences in the abundance of coho salmon between the two lakes may have been related to differences in fish community composition, with sticklebacks being particularly numerous in Misty Lake, where catches of coho salmon were lower than in Long Lake. The population density and biomass of coho salmon overwintering in Long Lake were estimated to be 176 fish/ha and 1.14 kg ha−1, respectively. The mean length of coho salmon in the lakes was greater than that of coho salmon in the tributary streams and main river, and the mean length of the salmon in the lakes generally increased with distance away from shore.

Egg Proteins of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Chromatographic Separation and Molecular Weights of the Major Proteins in the High Density Fraction and their Presence in Salmon Plasma

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1853-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Markert ◽  
W. E. Vanstone
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
High Density ◽  
Density Fraction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Egg Protein

The molecular weights of the three major proteins in the soluble fraction of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) eggs were found to be: lipovitellin, 390,000; β′-component, 30,000; and phosvitin, 27,000. Immunological techniques showed that these proteins were present in the plasma of sexually maturing female coho and of estrogenized prepuberal coho of both sexes but not of sexually maturing males or nonestrogenized prepuberal coho. These findings support the previous postulation that the β′-component should be classified not as a livetin but as an egg protein, as are lipovitellin and phosvitin.

Patterns of Timing and Size of Wild Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Smolts Migrating from the Keogh River Watershed on Northern Vancouver Island

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Irvine ◽  
B. R. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Additional Work ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Peaks

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts leaving the Keogh River and its tributaries demonstrated consistent patterns in their timing and size. An initial early peak in the mean size of migrating smolts occurred several weeks before the peak in their timing, and in several years when smolt migration was monitored until July, a late peak in size occurred near the end of the smolt migration. Changes in the mean size of smolts were not related to their origin within the watershed, and varying age compositions were only partially responsible for the two peaks in mean size. Fish overwintering in tributary lakes grew faster than fish overwintering in tributary streams. A greater proportion of lake-origin smolts migrated to sea after only 1 yr in freshwater than stream-origin smolts. It appears that fish that wait until their second spring to smoltify are among the first to emigrate that spring. These relatively large 2 + smolts, combined with fast growing 1 + smolts that leave early during their first spring, cause the first peak in size. The small numbers of large smolts leaving the Keogh River at the ends of several of the smolt runs apparently left then because of minor flow increases in the river. As has been found with releases of coho smolts from nearby hatcheries, fish that left the Keogh River early in the smolt run generally had a more northerly marine catch distribution than later migrating smolts. A greater proportion of fish migrating to sea late in the smolt run were caught in the fishery than fish migrating early. Additional work examining the marine survival of early and late migrating wild smolts is recommended to enable detailed comparisons to be made between the optimal timing and size of wild and hatchery smolts.

Changes in the Immune System of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the Parr-to-Smolt Transformation and after Implantation of Cortisol

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec G. Maule ◽  
Carl B. Schreck ◽  
Stephen L. Kaattari
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Splenic Lymphocytes ◽  
Cortisol Implants

The primary immune response of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), as assessed by the production of splenic antibody-secreting cells (plaque-forming cells, PFC) after an injection of Vibrio anguillarum O-antigen, decreased during smoltification. This period was marked by increases in gill Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and plasma thyroxine and cortisol titers. Numbers of leucocytes relative to erythrocytes in peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes relative to fish body weight were also reduced. Fish reared at normal hatchery density (approximately 2 fish∙L−1) appeared to have reduced rates of development and higher numbers of PFC than fish reared at one-third normal density. Moreover, in fish changed from normal density to low density 2 wk before sampling, ATPase activity and plasma thyroxine levels were equal to those in fish reared continuously at normal density, but plasma cortisol levels and PFC were equal to those in fish reared at low density. Fish with cortisol implants had higher plasma cortisol titers, reduced numbers of splenic PFC, splenic lymphocytes, and circulating leucocytes, and greater mortality when fish were exposed to V. anguillarum.

Study of the first blastomeres in Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Zygote ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Effer Roldán ◽  
Rubén Sánchez Rueda ◽  
Andrea Ubilla Madrid ◽  
Elías Figueroa Villalobos ◽  
Iván Valdebenito Isler
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThere is a lack of information on the morphology of the first blastomeres that could be used as a diagnostic tool for the first stages of embryonic development for Coho salmon. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to characterize morphometrically the first blastomeres of Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In total, 660 embryonic discs from a pool of eggs that had been fertilized and incubated at 5°C and after 19 h of incubation were extracted and photographed. Of these, 20 microphotographs of blastodiscs of normal appearance were analyzed morphologically (control blastodiscs: CB) and 100 random microphotographs from the whole group were classified as either symmetrical or asymmetrical according to their morphology and then compared with the CB. The length and width of each blastomere and the proportions of length and width were measured to determine symmetry in the embryos at the 4-cell stage. Seven categories were created to characterize the blastomeres: 38% normal (G1); 26% unequal (G2); 10% ‘pie-shaped’ (G3); 10% amorphous (G4); 8% with three equal and one unequal blastomere (G5); 6% ‘clover-shaped’ blastomeres (G7), and 3% with inclusions. The mean of the proportions of lengths and widths of the groups of blastomeres that were measured was 0.87 ± 0.08 and 0.85 ± 0.07, respectively. The morphometric results that were obtained in this investigation are compared with the results observed by other authors for teleostei and are discussed.

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