Fertilization and Predator Control to Increase Growth Rate and Yield of Trout in a Natural Lake

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2011-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Increase Growth Rate ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Made In ◽  
Comparable Size

Enrichment in 1946 of Crecy Lake (20 ha; mean depth, 2.4 m), New Brunswick, with commercial fertilizers to provide 210 ppb of nitrogen (N), 390 ppb of phosphorus (P), and 270 ppb of potassium (K) had increased the growth rates of native and planted brook trout. In further studies, control of predation by fish-eating birds and mammals and reduction in number of eels, along with another application of fertilizers in 1951, improved the percentages of planted brook trout taken by anglers. Maximum percentages before and after predators were controlled were 17 and 88 for planted yearlings and 4 and 42 for planted underyearlings. Yields of planted trout to anglers and catches per unit effort improved commensurately. Autumn-stocked yearlings were largely (96%) angled in April before appreciable growth was made in the lake. Increases in yields of trout flesh produced in the lake resulted largely from the growth and higher survival of planted underyearlings. Harvested weights were greater than weights of plantings only when 16% or more of planted underyearlings were angled.When underyearling and yearling rainbow trout were planted instead of brook trout, with a third fertilization in 1959 and continued predator control, they grew faster than brook trout of comparable size. Rainbow trout produced more fish flesh in the lake than brook trout when the percentage returns to anglers for the two species were similar. However, the percentage return to the anglers from most plantings of underyearling rainbow trout was low, with the net result that the rainbow trout did not provide as consistently good angling as the brook trout nor did they utilize the productive capacity of the lake more effectively.Brook and rainbow trout spawned in the littoral areas of the lake. However, yields of naturally reared trout were poor, particularly when the survival of planted trout was high.Killifish increased in numbers with fertilization, with or without predator control. Cyprinids were much less abundant than killifish, and sticklebacks disappeared from the lake.

Fertilization and Predator Control to Improve Trout Angling in Natural Lakes

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Stocking Rates

A significantly faster growth rate by native and planted eastern brook trout followed the addition of commercial fertilizers in sufficient quantities to provide potential additional concentrations of 0.39 mg. P, 0.21 mg. N and 0.27 mg. K per litre in Crecy Lake (20.4 ha.; mean depth, 2.4), New Brunswick. Largely because trout planted as fingerlings attained suitable angling size when yearlings, the rate of capture and the yield by weight to anglers approximately doubled. The improved growth rate, but not yields, persisted into the second and third years after fertilization. Coincident was an increase in predation by fish-eating birds and mammals. With predator control and the same stocking rates, the yield of trout flesh produced in the lake increased from 0.9 to 5.9 kgm. per hectare over the next two-year period. With predator control extended to trapping eels in the lake, a second comparable fertilization with respect to concentrations of P, N and K, and a doubling of the stocking rate, a yield of 9.7 kgm. per hectare was realized. The growth rate was somewhat depressed with the heavier stocking, notwithstanding a second fertilization. Facilities for natural reproduction were poor and planted trout (fingerlings and yearlings) sustained the fishery. Maximum survivals of planted trout (all marked) to anglers' catches were 20 per cent for fingerlings and 88 per cent for yearlings. Cropping of trout of age II was thorough. For the most part, movements of planted trout (trapped in outlet) from the lake would have occasioned minor losses.Neighbouring Gibson Lake (24.0 ha.; mean depth, 4.0 m.) was fertilized with one-half of the concentrations of P, N and K applied to Crecy. Stocking with trout was at comparable rates but no predator control was exercised. Little improvement was noted in the growth of the trout. Only when yearlings were planted late in the fall and angled early in the spring was there any improvement in the anglers' catches.

Heyliger Arrives

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Charles D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The North ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Made In

This chapter highlights the troubles that Sam Whiting encountered before and after he arrived in Nassau. It presents Whiting's depressing observation he had made in his short time in Nassau: “There is a strong feeling in favor of the rebellion army among British officials and merchants.” The chapter also introduces merchant Henry Adderley, the soon-to-be most powerful man in the Bahamas. Though it was early in the game, Whiting had already recognized one of the key features of the way Adderley and others would operate. By using his pre-war connections in ports like Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Saint John, New Brunswick, and Halifax, Nova Scotia, Adderley would secure goods from the North and from England for shipment to the Confederacy and use these ports as false destinations on the manifests of the ships he sent to Charleston, Wilmington, and Savannah. Ultimately, the chapter illustrates the importance of Lewis Heyliger in Nassau. It analyzes the critical part he played in the Great Carnival and the business dealings he made in the Bahamas.

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

Organochlorine Residues in Brook Trout and Yellow Perch From New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (Canada) Lakes

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-364
Author(s):  
R. Peterson ◽  
S. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
North Central ◽  
Ddt Metabolites ◽  
Headwater Lakes

Abstract Brook trout and yellow perch collected while surveying New Brunswick and Nova Scotia headwater lakes were analyzed for DDT metabolites, chlordane, hexacyclohexane isomers, hexachlorobenzene, toxaphene and PCB’s. Concentrations of DDT metabolites were much higher from fish taken from lakes in north-central N.B. (200-700 ng/g wet wt) than from fish taken elsewhere (<10 ng/g). Seventy to 90% of the DDT metabolites was DDE. Chlordane (3-13 ng/g) was analyzed in seven trout, six of them from central N.B. areas with intensive agriculture. Isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane were in highest concentration from north-central N.B. (10-20 ng/g), eastern N.S. (5-15 ng/g) and southern N.B. (5-20 ng/g). In most cases, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) was the isomer in highest concentration. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene in fish tissues was highly variable with no obvious geographic bias. PCB’s were detected in very few fish, and no toxaphene was detected.

Coronary Care in a General Hospital

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shaw ◽  
Bernard Groden ◽  
Evelyn Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coronary Care ◽  
Made In

The establishment, staffing and structure and observations made in the first year of the existence of coronary care in an intensive care unit in a general hospital are recorded. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were admitted during the year in whom the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed. There were 29 deaths in the unit and 14 deaths occurred in the wards of the hospital after discharge from the unit. 49.1 per cent of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms and the mean duration of stay in the unit was 86.5 hours. The type of arrhythmia detected in the unit, and the treatment given to the patients both before and after admission to the intensive care unit are described.

Food Specialization By Individual Trout

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Bryan ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Repeated Observation ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Analyses of stomach contents showed that the kinds of prey eaten by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were seldom distributed at random among the individuals. Repeated observation of food eaten by individuals in a stream and ponds showed that prey types were eaten in proportions which were characteristic for an individual.Specialization occurred on several different kinds of prey. Although the degree of specialization was higher during shorter intervals, the data suggested that some specialization persisted for half a year. There were no striking correlations between degree of specialization and other individual properties such as size, growth rate, weight of food, number of food items, previous specialization, or area of recapture.In addition to the observations on trout in relatively undisturbed habitats, a field experiment was conducted using laboratory-reared rainbow trout held in small ponds. The food of each trout in the experiment was sampled repeatedly. In analysis of variance, interaction among the individuals and kinds of prey eaten showed that food specialization occurred. Both the absolute and relative abundance of potential prey were constant during the experiment.

Experimental Plantings of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from Furunculosis-Infected Stock

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2643-2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. McDermott ◽  
A. H. Berst
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Hatchery Stock ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Made In

Preliminary sampling revealed the presence of furunculosis disease in the resident brook trout population of the southern Ontario trout stream used in this study.Two plantings of marked yearling brook trout were made in the study area in 1966; one in the spring, and the other in the fall. The spring planting consisted of 1000 brook trout with a predetermined incidence of furunculosis infection and an equal number of trout with no evidence of infection. The fall planting consisted of 2000 brook trout with a known incidence of furunculosis infection.The stream was electrofished periodically during the 2-year period after the first planting. A total of 445 brook trout (140 of the planted hatchery stock, and 305 resident trout) and 127 fish of associated species were captured and examined for the presence of Aeromonas salmonicida, causative agent of furunculosis.Recovery rates of the "infected" and "noninfected" stocks of brook trout were similar, and there was no evidence of transmission of A. salmonicida from the infected fish to the control fish, nor the resident population of brook trout and other species of fish captured.

SERIAL ESTIMATION OF PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER PARTURITION

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BROWN ◽  
D. L. DAVIES ◽  
P. B. DOAK ◽  
A. F. LEVER ◽  
J. I. S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Plasma renin concentration has been measured in normal women at intervals throughout pregnancy. Further measurements have been made in the days and hours before and after delivery of the foetus and placenta. Plasma renin was consistently raised in the majority of pregnant women and did not change markedly until 24 hr. or more after delivery. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document