Daily Feeding Periodicities, Food Uptake Rates, and Dietary Changes with Hour of Day in Some Lake Fishes

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Keast ◽  
Linda Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ambloplites Rupestris

The feeding periodicities of five common cohabiting fish species in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, were defined for the early summer period of accelerated feeding by determining the mean weights of stomach contents per gram of body weight at intervals of 2–3 hr throughout the 24-hr cycle. Two, and in sunfish three, feeding peaks per 24-hr period were indicated. Perca flavescens was diurnal; Lepomis macrochirus, L. gibbosus, and Fundulus diaphanus were largely diurnal (with a nocturnal component); and Ambloplites rupestris was equally nocturnal and diurnal. In the two sunfish there were clearcut differences in the organisms eaten by day and night. The technique developed here is a useful method for determining the mean minimum daily ration for a population of fish in the field. The results are comparable with those obtained by other workers in aquarium feeding experiments.

scholarly journals Match–Mismatch Regulation for Bluegill and Yellow Perch Larvae and Their Prey in Sandhill Lakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽  
David W. Willis ◽  
Richard S. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Recruitment ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

Abstract Food availability may regulate fish recruitment, both directly and indirectly. The availability of zooplankton, especially to newly hatched larvae, is thought to be crucial to their early growth and survival. We examined stomach contents of larval bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Pelican Lake and Cameron Lake, Nebraska, in 2004 and 2005. We also determined zooplankton availability and calculated prey selection using Chesson's α. In addition, we investigated potential match–mismatch regulation of recruitment from 2004 to 2008. Bluegill positively selected copepod nauplii and Bosmina spp., and yellow perch often selected copepods. Abundant zooplankton populations were available for consumption. Matches of both larval bluegill and yellow perch abundance to zooplankton abundance were detected in all years; exact matches were common. Mismatches in predator and prey production were not observed. Predation by age-0 yellow perch on age-0 bluegill was not observed, even though yellow perch hatched 2 mo prior to bluegill. Given that zooplankton were abundant and well-timed to larval fish relative abundance over the time span of this study, the match–mismatch hypothesis alone may not fully account for observed recruitment variability in these populations. Environmental conditions may also affect recruitment and warrant further investigation.

Branching complexity and morphological characteristics of coarse woody structure as lacustrine fish habitat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2110-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Newbrey ◽  
Michael A Bozek ◽  
Martin J Jennings ◽  
James E Cook
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Rock Bass ◽  
Ambloplites Rupestris

The objective of this study was to quantify the physical characteristics of coarse woody structure (CWS) as fish habitat in a north temperate lake. Sixteen species of fish were observed in submerged CWS habitat. Branching complexity, distance above the bole, area below the bole, distance to other CWS, and water depth around CWS were significantly related to abundance of schooling cyprinids (Cyprinidae), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and walleye (Sander vitreus). Branching complexity was the most common characteristic of CWS related to richness, diversity, and total adult abundance of fish taxa, but was not correlated with the total lengths of fish found in submerged trees. Branching-complexity values ranged from 1 (simple) to 500 (moderately complex) in the littoral zone; for comparison, a living riparian conifer had a branching-complexity value of over 1000. Most CWS in the littoral zone was composed of simple trees without branching, but fish tended to inhabit CWS with branching-complexity values greater than 45. This study shows the importance of CWS with fine branching as littoral-zone fish habitat.

Flight activity of alate Adelgids (Homoptera, Aphidoidea) in southern England

1973 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Carter ◽  
G. Barson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trap Catches

The flight periods of eight species of Adelgids were deduced from suction trap catches in a mixed woodland site at Alice Holt, Hampshire from 1965 to 1970. Nine species from other natural forest areas in the northern hemisphere occurred on trees in the study area, but some immigration may have contributed to the numbers trapped. Large catches (often >200 individuals per day) of three pest species, Adelges laricis Vall., A. cooleyi (Gill.) and Pineus pini (L.), occurred during late May and June. Only small catches (<10 individuals per day) were obtained during July–September. The sexuparae from the non-Picea hosts occurred mainly in May and June whereas the gallicolae from Picea hosts flew during certain periods from June to September. Analysis showed that the threshold temperature for flight was 16°C and that 64% or more of the total monthly catch occurred in the afternoon (13·00–19·00 h). The variation in length of the early summer flight period by ± one week was related to air temperature maxima, but the fluctuation ( ± one week) in the mean date for flight of each species in the early summer period is probably connected with the phenological condition of the host-plant.

Late winter – early spring sedimentation off the Great Whale River, southeastern Hudson Bay

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. d'Anglejan ◽  
G. Biksham
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peak Runoff

Sediment traps were used to measure particle-settling fluxes in serial moorings offshore of Great Whale River (Hudson Bay), both under the late winter sea-ice cover and during and after breakup. Before breakup, the settling fluxes ranged between 0.25 and 2 g cm−2 100 a−1, increasing from April to May in response to the progressively larger under-ice algal biomass. Fluxes also increased with depth. During and after breakup, including the early summer period of peak runoff, sedimentation rates increased to values of up to 33 g cm−2100 a−1. These fluxes agree with the mean sedimentation rate determined from 210Pb activities in the underlying sediments.

Planktivory in a Littoral-Dwelling Lake Fish Association: Prey Selection and Seasonality

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Keast
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Chydorus Sphaericus ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Pimephales Notatus ◽  
Ambloplites Rupestris ◽  
Lake Fish

A littoral zone assemblage of six planktivorous fishes (Pimephales notatus, Notropis heterodon, Fundulus diaphanus, Lepomis macrochirus, Ambloplites rupestris, Perca flavescens), and five zooplankter species, was analysed relative to three hypotheses concerning prey consumption: (1) Size-dependent predation will operate, as elsewhere. (2) Small-bodied planktivores, unable to handle larger prey, will take the most abundant zooplankter and not show species specialization. (3) The strongly cyclical nature of zooplankton populations will not permit fish species to specialize exclusively on zooplankton; there will be a negative correlation between zooplankton numbers and use of alternative prey, and at this time the planktivores will minimize competition by choosing different alternative prey. The first hypothesis was supported, the second and third partially so. The small specialist planktivores, P. notatus and N. heterodon, did not take the commonest small zooplankter, Bosmina longirostris: rather, they specialized largely on Chydorus sphaericus, feeding on it even when rare. Lepomis macrochirus, a generalise took largely B. longirostris, No species was exclusively planktivorous. The species only partly differed in alternative prey types eaten. Chironomid larvae were a regular item of diet of most species.

scholarly journals River Otter, Lontra canadensis, Food Habits in the Missouri Ozarks

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Roberts ◽  
Charles F. Rabeni ◽  
John S. Stanovick ◽  
David A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Lontra Canadensis ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
River Otters ◽  
Lepomis Megalotis ◽  
Rock Bass ◽  
Longear Sunfish ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ambloplites Rupestris

The reintroduction of River Otters (Lontra canadensis) between 1982 and 1992 resulted in widespread occurrence of the species throughout the Missouri Ozarks. This study examined otter diets from the vicinity of two Ozark streams in relation to seasonal and spatial trends. Otter scats (N = 4750) were collected and analyzed from the Osage Fork River and Big Piney River during the summer and winter seasons of 2001 and 2002. During the winter (January-March), fish occurred in 86% of the samples. During the summer (June–August), occurrence of fish dropped to approximately 15% for both rivers. Seven families of fish were identified in the diets, with Centrarchidae being most common regardless of river or season. Within the Centrarchidae, the genus Lepomis (mostly Longear Sunfish, Lepomis megalotis) was most common, with Micropterus (mostly Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieu) and Rock Bass (Ambloplites rupestris) also well represented. The mean age of Ambloplites consumed (mean = 3.3 years) was consistently older than that of either Micropterus (mean = 2.54 years) or Lepomis (mean = 2.78 years). Crayfish were recovered from a mean of 85.2% of scats in the winter and 99% in the summer. Smaller fish and crayfish were more common from the upper reaches of the streams while larger fish were prevalent in the lower reaches.

Effect of water temperature on stomach evacuation rates, and estimation of daily food intake of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Evacuation Rate ◽  
Daily Food

Field experiments were conducted over the summer of 1983 to determine food-evacuation rate and measure stomach fullness of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). A combination of these data gave estimates of daily food intake of fish. Fish were captured and held in large holding pens in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada, and periodically subsampled over 24 h to monitor changes in mean weight of stomach contents. Stomach-evacuation rates obtained in this way increased significantly with water temperature over the range 10–25 °C. However, variation in stomach-evacuation rate was considerable, reducing the utility of water temperature as a predictor of stomach-evacuation rate. It is suggested that the simple field methods employed here to estimate stomach evacuation and food intake are more useful in the estimation of daily ration than the more commonly employed laboratory-based methods.

scholarly journals Reproduction and feeding of Sagitta enflata in the Humboldt Current system off Chile

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Giesecke ◽  
Humberto E. González
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Current System ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Prey Selectivity ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Humboldt Current System ◽  
Paracalanus Parvus

Abstract Giesecke, R., and González, H. E. 2008. Reproduction and feeding of Sagitta enflata in the Humboldt Current system off Chile. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 361–370. This study is based on 3 years (August 2002–July 2005) of monthly zooplankton sampling at a fixed station located 18 km off Coliumo Bay (36°S), Chile. The reproduction of Sagitta enflata, its feeding rate, specific daily ration, and prey selectivity were analysed and related to several environmental variables: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a concentrations, and both meso- and micro-zooplankton abundance. The main predatory activity of S. enflata was centred on the copepods Paracalanus parvus, Oithona spp., and Calanus chilensis. These three species were consumed at different rates, depending mainly on the maturity of the S. enflata population. When Stages I and II individuals dominated, predation focused on the small P. parvus and Oithona spp., whereas more mature populations (Stages III and IV) preyed selectively on C. chilensis. The mean specific daily ration of 0.1 d−1 increased to 0.5 d−1 before and during maturation. The reproductive phase of S. enflata was closely coupled with the abundance of nauplii, suggesting that chaetognath reproduction paralleled that of copepods, most likely to diminish the mortality of its offspring resulting from starvation. The relationships between these were included in a conceptual model and their ecological significance is discussed.

Feeding Biology of the Black Crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Keast
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Pomoxis Nigromaculatus ◽  
Feeding Biology ◽  
Ambloplites Rupestris ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Diptera Larvae

In Lake Opinicon, Ontario, the diet of the black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, undergoes a progressive change from one in which planktonic Crustacea and small-bodied Diptera larvae predominate (in fish of body length from about 60 to 115 mm), to a diet of insect larvae and fish (in fish 160–240 mm). Most food items prove to be midwater forms and the Diptera larvae are almost entirely Chaoborus and Procladius, which are free-swimming in the water column at night.An unusual feature is the prolonged nature of the Cladocera-Copepoda eating phase, which continues into year III and to a body length of about 160 mm. Gill-raker counts show P. nigromaculatus to have a specialized screen with 25–29 rakers on the first arch. In this it differs from cohabiting centrarchids in Lake Opinicon, Ambloplites rupestris, Micropterus salmoides, and Lepomis macrochirus, in which the rakers on the first arch number only 8–12. In these species plankton feeding is restricted to the earlier stages.

Effect of restricted food intake, before and/or after mating, on the reproductive performance of Greyface ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
W. A. C. McKelvey ◽  
S. McMillen ◽  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
D. A. Eiston
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lambing Rate

ABSTRACTThe effect on the reproductive performance of Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface) ewes of a low level food intake and associated loss of live weight from either 14 days before mating, or from the time of mating, until 11 to 26 days after mating, was investigated. Ewes (252) were allocated to one of three treatments with ewes within each treatment divided into two flocks (flock A: 16 ewes per treatment; flock B: 68 ewes per treatment). Ewes of treatment LL were given a ration providing proportionately 0·5 estimated metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance from 2 weeks before mating. Those of treatment HL were given a daily ration providing 1·5 estimated ME requirements for maintenance until mating and the restricted ration thereafter. Ewes of treatment HH were given the higher ration throughout the experimental period. Flock A ewes were slaughtered at 11 days post mating and flock B ewes at between 18 and 26 days post mating. Treatment differences in the ovulation rates of flock A ewes were not statistically significant but in flock B, ewes of treatment LL had a lower mean ovulation rate (1·81) than those of treatments HL (2·23) and HH (2·09) (P < 0·001). The lower ovulation rate of LL ewes relative to HL ewes in flock B was reflected in a lower mean potential lambing rate per ewe pregnant than in the HL treatment (1·58 v. 1·79; P < 0·01) and per ewe put to the ram (1·37 v. 1·65; P < 0·01). HL ewes had a slightly lower mean potential lambing rate per ewe pregnant (1·79 v. 1·97; P < 01) and per ewe put to the ram (1·65 v. 1·82; P < 0·05) than HH ewes. Ova wastage rates of LL + HL and HH ewes were 0·26 and 014 (P < 001) respectively at 24 days post mating. Values for LL and HL ewes (0·27 and 0·25 respectively) were not significantly different.Estimated mean conceptus lengths were 370, 500 and 1400 μin for LL, HL and HH ewes respectively (P < 0·05).It is concluded that low food intake before mating reduced the mean ovulation rate and low intakes after mating compromised embryo growth rate and induced a higher rate of ova wastage; this increase in the incidence of ova wastage was not significantly exacerbated by the low levels of intake prior to mating.

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