Primary Productivity in the Babine Lake System, British Columbia

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2045-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Narver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Region ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Main Lake

Primary productivity in Babine Lake, British Columbia, as measured by the C14 in situ method in 1966 was slightly lower in the North Arm (outlet) and Morrison Arm (an inlet) than in the main lake region. An unusually high rate of photosynthesis at one part of the main lake in September may have been related to the decomposition of salmon carcasses in a nearby stream. Morrison Lake, a major tributary, was much lower in rate of photosynthesis, pH, alkalinity, compensation depth, and total dissolved solids than any part of Babine Lake. The rate of carbon fixation of Babine Lake was much less on a per unit area basis than those reported by other workers for the majority of 24 sockeye salmon lakes in southwestern Alaska but was similar to most per unit volume of the euphotic layer. Much of this difference is attributable to a shallower euphotic zone in Babine Lake. Ranked with the 24 Alaskan lakes, Babine was first in alkalinity, third in TDS, and fifth in pH.The productivity measurements suggest that the carrying capacity for sockeye salmon per unit of nursery area of the main lake region is at least as great as that of the North Arm.

Productivity of Owikeno Lake, British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Narver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Nursery Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Annual Total

Although Owikeno Lake is the third highest producer of adult sockeye salmon in North America in terms of mean annual total return (catch plus escapement) per unit of lake nursery area, limited measurements of other indices of lake productivity suggest that its primary productivity is much lower than that of the other four highest sockeye-producing lakes. The implications of these results to sockeye production are discussed.

scholarly journals Undocumented potential for primary productivity in a globally-distributed bacterial photoautotroph

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Graham ◽  
J.F. Heidelberg ◽  
B.J. Tully
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Oceans ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
The North Pacific

AbstractAerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAnPs) are common in the global oceans and are associated with photoheterotrophic activity. To date, AAnPs have not been identified in the surface ocean that possess the potential for carbon fixation. Using the Tara Oceans metagenomic dataset, we have reconstructed draft genomes of four bacteria that possess the genomic potential for anoxygenic phototrophy, carbon fixation via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and the oxidation of sulfite and thiosulfate. Forming a monophyletic clade within the Alphaproteobacteria and lacking cultured representatives, the organisms compose minor constituents of local microbial communities (0.1-1.0%), but are globally distributed, present in multiple samples from the North Pacific, Mediterranean Sea, the East Africa Coastal Province, and the South Atlantic. These organisms represent a shift in our understanding of microbially-mediated photoautotrophy in the global oceans and provide a previously undiscovered route of primary productivity.Significance StatementIn examining the genomic content of organisms collected during the Tara Oceans expedition, we have identified a novel clade within the Alphaproteobacteria that has the potential for photoautotrophy. Based on genome observations, these organisms have the potential to couple inorganic sulfur compounds as electron donors to fix carbon into biomass. They are globally distributed, present in samples from the North Pacific, Mediterranean Sea, East Africa Coastal Current, and the South Atlantic. This discovery may require re-examination of the microbial communities in the global ocean to understand and constrain the impacts of this group of organisms on the global carbon cycle.

The occurrence of the hydrozoan genus Cassianastraea from Upper Triassic (Carnian) rocks of Williston Lake, British Columbia, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
George D. Stanley ◽  
John-Paul Zonneveld
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
North American ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Region ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
North American Craton

Cassianastraea is an enigmatic colonial Triassic cnidarian first described as a coral but subsequently referred to the Hydrozoa. We report here the first occurrence in Canada of fossils we designate as Cassianastraea sp. from the Williston Lake region of British Columbia. The specimens come from older collections of the Geological Survey of Canada, collected in Upper Triassic (Carnian) strata assigned to either the Ludington or Baldonnel Formations. While well known in reef associations of the former Tethys region, Cassianiastraea is relatively rare in North America. The Carnian Baldonnel Formation contains the earliest coral reefs from the North American craton and we suspect that Cassianastraea sp. also came from this reef association.

Age-specific effects of sockeye abundance on adult body size of selected British Columbia sockeye stocks

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skip McKinnell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
The North Pacific

Annual mean body lengths of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) covary systematically from year to year in major northern and central British Columbia stocks (Nass River, Skeena River, and Rivers Inlet). These positive correlations are greatest between sexes within rivers, followed by age-classes among rivers. A common factor or factors affecting sockeye length in the North Pacific Ocean is suggested. The mean length of age 1.3 sockeye salmon but not age 1.2 sockeye caught annually in these B.C. fisheries was negatively correlated with the magnitude of Bristol Bay (western Alaska) sockeye catches. During the spring of maturation, age 1.3 sockeye from these B.C. stocks were further from their natal streams, and likely subject to more intense competition with Bristol Bay sockeye than age 1.2 sockeye. The pattern of annual marine growth measured from Skeena River sockeye scales collected during the 1960s provides additional evidence that the length of age 1.3 sockeye was related to Bristol Bay sockeye abundance in the year of maturation. No such correlation was evident in scales collected from age 1.2 sockeye. These results suggest that sockeye populations have more systematic distributions in the North Pacific Ocean than has been previously reported.

Diel Vertical Movements and Feeding of Underyearling Sockeye Salmon and the Limnetic Zooplankton in Babine Lake, British Columbia

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Narver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
The North ◽  
Bosmina Coregoni ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

The use of a high frequency echo sounder and a midwater trawl in Babine Lake, British Columbia, in 1967 revealed a precise diel vertical movement of underyearling sockeye salmon. From early July to September, from about 1.5 hr after sunrise to 1.5 hr before sunset, the young sockeye were in two distinct layers at about 20 and 35 m, each layer about 6 m thick. About 1.5 hr before sunset the two layers began to ascend. About 0.5 hr after sunset all fish were within 3 m of the surface, and during darkness they were dispersed throughout the top 5–15 m with most fish being below the thermocline. Soon after the first light of dawn the fish usually tended to move toward the lake surface and then descended rapidly to the daytime depths.By early October the pattern had changed markedly. During daylight the fish were still found in roughly two layers at about 24 and 40 m. However, the evening ascent did not commence until about 0.5 hr before sunset, the ascent was much slower, and the fish did not come to the surface but were dispersed between 9 and 27 m. This change in behaviour was temporally associated with a cooling of the epilimnion and a decrease in intensity of feeding.Although the zooplankton of Babine Lake is composed of eight major species, only Bosmina coregoni and the calanoid copepod Heterocope septentrionalis displayed pronounced diel vertical movements. The former inhabited the surface waters during the day and were found in maximum abundance at 12–21 m at night. The latter was found at 21–30 m during the day and the surface waters at night. The major part of the zooplankton standing stock was found above 9 m.Young sockeye fed most intensively in the evening as they approached the surface and again at dawn just as they commenced the descent. At those times the most common food item was Daphnia longispina, followed by B. coregoni and H. septentrionalis. These three species were strongly selected by young sockeye, since they were numerically much less abundant than other limnetic zooplankton species. In August, terrestrial insects were occasionally of major importance. At midday the upper layer of sockeye (about 20 m) was feeding on H. septentrionalis whereas the lower layer (about 35 m) was not feeding or was feeding at a low intensity.The double layer of young sockeye during daylight occurred at least in the North Arm of Babine Lake and may be related to feeding. In July and August the fish in the upper layer had less food in the pyloric section of the stomach from 0900 to 1300 hr than did fish in the lower layer, whereas the volumes of food were similar in the two layers by late afternoon. Fish in the upper layer had much more fresh H. septentrionalis in the cardiac section from 1200 to 1800 hr than did fish in the lower layer. The ecological significance of the diel vertical movement is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Physiological resilience of pink salmon to naturally occurring ocean acidification

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Y Frommel ◽  
Justin Carless ◽  
Brian P V Hunt ◽  
Colin J Brauner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
The North ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Co2 Levels

Abstract Pacific salmon stocks are in decline with climate change named as a contributing factor. The North Pacific coast of British Columbia is characterized by strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity in ocean conditions with upwelling events elevating CO2 levels up to 10-fold those of pre-industrial global averages. Early life stages of pink salmon have been shown to be affected by these CO2 levels, and juveniles naturally migrate through regions of high CO2 during the energetically costly phase of smoltification. To investigate the physiological response of out-migrating wild juvenile pink salmon to these naturally occurring elevated CO2 levels, we captured fish in Georgia Strait, British Columbia and transported them to a marine lab (Hakai Institute, Quadra Island) where fish were exposed to one of three CO2 levels (850, 1500 and 2000 μatm CO2) for 2 weeks. At ½, 1 and 2 weeks of exposure, we measured their weight and length to calculate condition factor (Fulton’s K), as well as haematocrit and plasma [Cl−]. At each of these times, two additional stressors were imposed (hypoxia and temperature) to provide further insight into their physiological condition. Juvenile pink salmon were largely robust to elevated CO2 concentrations up to 2000 μatm CO2, with no mortality or change in condition factor over the 2-week exposure duration. After 1 week of exposure, temperature and hypoxia tolerance were significantly reduced in high CO2, an effect that did not persist to 2 weeks of exposure. Haematocrit was increased by 20% after 2 weeks in the CO2 treatments relative to the initial measurements, while plasma [Cl−] was not significantly different. Taken together, these data indicate that juvenile pink salmon are quite resilient to naturally occurring high CO2 levels during their ocean outmigration.

New determinations of tides on the north-western Ross Ice Shelf

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Richard D. Ray ◽  
Kristine M. Larson ◽  
Bruce J. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Ross Ice Shelf ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
North Western

Abstract New determinations of ocean tides are extracted from high-rate Global Positioning System (GPS) solutions at nine stations sitting on the Ross Ice Shelf. Five are multi-year time series. Three older time series are only 2–3 weeks long. These are not ideal, but they are still useful because they provide the only in situ tide observations in that sector of the ice shelf. The long tide-gauge observations from Scott Base and Cape Roberts are also reanalysed. They allow determination of some previously neglected tidal phenomena in this region, such as third-degree tides, and they provide context for analysis of the shorter datasets. The semidiurnal tides are small at all sites, yet M2 undergoes a clear seasonal cycle, which was first noted by Sir George Darwin while studying measurements from the Discovery expedition. Darwin saw a much larger modulation than we observe, and we consider possible explanations - instrumental or climatic - for this difference.

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