Movements of Brook Trout in Relation to an Artificial Pond on a Small Stream

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith ◽  
J. W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Tidal Pool ◽  
Artificial Pond

A 20-year study showed that forming a pond near the mouth of Ellerslie Brook, Prince Edward Island, did not change the seasonal pattern of brook trout movements between fresh- and salt water. Delay in movements of trout through the pond and a tidal pool below the dam resulted in heavy natural and angling mortalities in those areas. Movements between fresh- and salt water were almost eliminated. Natural seeding of stream above pond was not demonstrably affected.

Movements of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), Between and Within Fresh and Salt Water

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith ◽  
J. W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Living Space ◽  
June July

Major movements of trout into Ellerslie Brook, Prince Edward Island, were in April, June–July, and November; and out in May and October to early January. Some movements were preponderantly in one direction; others involved trout making simultaneous movements up- and downstream. Mean length of trout in movements was 16.8 cm., predominantly age II. Trout were short-lived and few survived to make repeated movements. About 50% of trout making return movements did so within a month. Percentage of Ellerslie-reared trout which ran to salt water varied from 12 to 35 over a 6-year period. There was inconclusive evidence of a heritable propensity to sea-running. After descending into the estuary, few trout left for open coastal waters. Short-distance movements resulted in population shifts in the brook in summer which were not detected in traps at mouth of stream.Movements of trout between fresh and salt water were very closely associated with rise and fall of the water level in the brook, but not with height of water. Movements in spring and early summer were into preferred temperature. Although marked changes in water level occurred, few trout moved in winter after becoming acclimated to a water temperature of 0 °C. or in summer when brook was at temperature of final preferenda. Continuance of movement for some time after 0 °C. was reached seemed related to slow rate of acclimation. Movements were both random and directed. For most movements trout appeared conditioned by temperature and stimulated by changing water levels. Trout moved largely at night. Other influencing factors were living space, maturation and spawning. Turbidity, salinity, tides, and handling were without apparent effects.

scholarly journals Computer analysis of benthic foraminiferal associations in a tidal New Zealand inlet

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Hayward ◽  
Christopher M. Triggs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Muddy Sand ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
Faunal Distribution ◽  
Normal Salinity

Abstract. Census data on benthic foraminiferal tests in 45 surface sediment samples from Pauatahanui Inlet, Wellington, New Zealand, are analysed by Correspondence Analysis and Non-Hierarchical classification techniques. The faunas are grouped into 7 associations: (A) Trochamminita irregularis/Miliammina fusca - at high tide level in a small tidal creek at the limits of salt water influence; (B) Trochammina inflata/Jadammina macrescens - in an extreme high tidal pool, close to the mouth of a small stream; (C) Miliammina fusca/Haplophragmoides wilberti/Trochammina inflata - intertidal and shallow subtidal (to 0.6 m depth), muddy sand over a large area in the upper reaches of the inlet, where most freshwater runoff enters; (D) Elphidium excavatum/Miliammina fusca - intertidal muddy sand associated with shelly beaches on the fringe of association C; (E) Ammonia beccarii/Haynesina depressula - in a wide variety of intertidal and shallow subtidal (to 3 m depth) sediments that form a belt between the more brackish associations (A–D) and the more normal salinity associations (F–G); (F) Bolivina cf. translucens/Textularia earlandi/Bolivina subexcavata - in mud to muddy, very fine sand in a shallow basin (1–2.5 m deep) in the middle of the inlet and in a small, sheltered backwater; (G) Elphidium charlottensis/Patellinella inconspicua/Quinqueloculina seminula - in sandy mud and muddy fine sand, intertidal to 10 m depth, in the mouth, entrance channel and adjacent outer and middle parts of the inlet, where a flush of normal salinity water enters during each tidal cycle.Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis, the factors most influential in determining the faunal distribution are, in decreasing importance: freshwater influence (salinity), exposure to the air during tidal cycles, proximity to the open sea, tidal current strength and percentage of mud in the substrate.

Effect of Pond Formation on Catches of Brook Trout from a Coastal Stream System

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-238
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith ◽  
J. W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Stream System

An artificial 5-acre (2.0-ha) pond formed on Ellerslie Brook, Prince Edward Island, initially resulted in an increased fishing effort and yield of brook trout to anglers from the stream system — estuary, pond, and stream. The increased effort and catch were not sustained. After 4 years, annual effort and yield of trout by number from the system were not significantly different from the pre-pond period. Length of angled trout and yield by weight declined significantly. Sea-running trout, prized by anglers, were largely eliminated. Only when planted into the estuary did hatchery-reared trout make good contributions to the anglers' catches.

Influence of Pond Formation on Brook Trout Movements and Angling Success

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-345
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions

A 13-acre pond was formed at head of tide on Wilmot Stream, Prince Edward Island, to hold brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) moving between stream and saltwater estuary for greater availability to anglers. Trout continued to move between pond and estuary via an artificial outlet, predominantly during the spring and early summer. Improved angling conditions resulted in capture of 8,215 trout from pond and upper reaches of estuary at rate of 1.2 per rod-hour over three angling seasons. Shallowness of water limited trout-holding capacity of the pond and curtailed better angling success. Other hydrographic conditions and food supply in the pond were favourable for brook trout.

The Effect of Impoundment on the Population and Movement of Atlantic Salmon in Ellerslie Brook, Prince Edward Island

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Mature Male Parr

During autumn spates Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) commonly enter the small spring-fed streams of Prince Edward Island and spawn. Annual variations in freshwater discharge from Ellerslie Brook were found to determine the number of salmon and time of ascent. A pond formed on the brook created a habitat that exercised a strong retaining influence on the movements of spawners, kelts, parr, and migrating smolts. Smolts which stayed in the pond suffered heavy mortalities.Movements by sexually mature male parr, within and between fresh and salt water, occurred in the fall. Some parr remained in the estuary (0–27‰ salinity) throughout the year. The pond provided a habitat for parr.Smolt transformation at ages II and III occurred in the stream, pond, and estuary in the spring. Pond and stream smolts of the same age group were similar in size when they migrated.

A major sextet of mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic assemblages extant in eastern North American brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): distribution and postglacial dispersal patterns

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1300-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy G Danzmann ◽  
Raymond P Morgan II ◽  
Matthew W Jones ◽  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Peter E Ihssen
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
South Central ◽  
Haplotype 1

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of 2422 brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from 60 units (major drainages, small stream catchments, and isolated lakes) representing 155 populations in eastern North America were examined to test hypotheses regarding postglacial dispersal and recolonization. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 38.8% of the variation was partitioned among the units, while approximately 60% was distributed among populations (phiST = 59.3) compared with 40.7% within populations. This distribution of variation suggests a large degree of heterogeneity in population founding events and phylogeographic structuring in this species. Comparisons of mtDNA diversity between fish from putative refugial and recolonization zones for this species indicate that more than one refugial region contributed to northern recolonization. Haplotypic diversities in recolonized regions are greatest in south-central populations (i.e., southern Great Lakes region), while only one haplotype (haplotype 1) predominates in northern, western, and eastern postglacial zones. Large phylogenetic differences were found between northern and southern populations. Populations outside the zone of glaciation were the most genetically heterogeneous and were represented by fish from all six (A-F) of the major evolutionary clades identified. Only fish from the A, B, and C clades were found in glaciated regions, with C lineage fish restricted to south-central glaciation zones. Fish from the C clade are putatively the most ancestral lineage within the species based upon composite shared RFLPs with lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus).

Parasites of trout from the Au Sable River, Michigan, with emphasis on the population biology of Cystidicoloides tenuissima

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1549-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Muzzall
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Hexagenia Limbata

Trout (212 brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and 231 brown trout, Salmo trutta, Salmonidae) were collected from the Au Sable River, Michigan, and examined for parasites between April 1982 and July 1984. One hundred seventy-six brook trout and 153 brown trout were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Crepidostomum cooperi, Neascus sp., Eubothrium sp., Proteocephalus sp., Truttaedacnitis sp., Cystidicoloides tenuissima, Rhabdochona canadensis, Spinitectus gracilis, Epistylis sp., Trichodina sp., and Salmincola edwardsii. Cystidicoloides tenuissima, the most common and abundant species, did not exhibit a pronounced seasonal pattern in prevalence; mean intensity, however, was highest in July 1982, 1983, and 1984 in both trout species. The intensity of C. tenuissima increased as trout became older and then decreased in brook and brown trout 3 and 4 years of age, respectively. Data on the seasonality of S. gracilis and C. cooperi infecting trout are also presented. The muscles of trout were negative for parasites. Over 500 mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera) representing at least seven species were examined for parasites. Cystidicoloides tenuissima infected Ephemera simulans. Crepidostomum sp., Rhabdochona sp., and S. gracilis occurred in Hexagenia limbata.

The riverscape meets the soundscape: acoustic cues and habitat use by brook trout in a small stream

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-999
Author(s):  
Zaccaria Kacem ◽  
Marco A. Rodríguez ◽  
Irene T. Roca ◽  
Raphaël Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Type Water ◽  
The Many ◽  
Broadband Sound

Hydromorphological descriptors such as substrate type, water depth, and velocity are commonly used to describe fish habitat, but few studies have focused on how underwater sounds affect habitat use by freshwater fish. We evaluated the influence of the underwater soundscape and other habitat descriptors on the spatial distribution of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a small stream in eastern Canada. Habitat measurements were made at high spatial resolution (2.5 m intervals). High acoustical heterogeneity of stream habitats (40–150 dB re 1 μPa) was related to differences in water velocity and depth as expected from theory. Brook trout densities were positively related to broadband sound pressure levels (SPL), irrespective of water velocity and depth, but in interaction with habitat type. The positive relationship between brook trout densities and SPL could be related to the high auditory threshold of salmonid fishes. Alternatively, brook trout may use the underwater soundscape to select favourable feeding habitats. Underwater sounds integrate the many environmental dimensions of a stream and may be used by fish as cues for habitat selection.

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