Incidence of Gaffkya homari in Natural Lobster (Homarus americanus) Populations of the Atlantic Region of Canada

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
John W. Cornick ◽  
Doris I. Spears ◽  
D. W. McLeese
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Natural Incidence

Hemolymph samples drawn from 2035 lobsters captured in five areas off the Canadian Atlantic coast were individually tested for the bacterium Gaffkya homari, using a qualitative, presumptive test, followed by a confirmatory procedure. Ninety-six lobsters, or almost 5% of the total, were confirmed as being infected. The approximate range of G. homari incidence was from 2 to 40% indicating that G. homari is resident in the natural lobster population of this region. Evidence suggested that a high natural incidence can lead to an epizootic among stored, captive lobsters. The possibility that an infection source exists in addition to the G. homari strains resident in the lobster population is discussed.

scholarly journals Carinacuma umesi, a new genus and species of bodotriid cumacean (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida) from shallow waters of the Maryland Coastal Bays, Mid-Atlantic region, USA

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11740
Author(s):  
Andrés G. Morales-Núñez ◽  
Paulinus Chigbu
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Coastal Bays ◽  
The North ◽  
Maryland Coastal Bays ◽  
To Receive

Carinacuma, a new bodotriid cumacean genus, is diagnosed to receive Spilocuma watlingi Omholt & Heard as its type species and C. umesi sp. nov., described from shallow waters (0.8 to 2.8 m) on the Mid-Atlantic coast of North America. Carinacuma gen. nov. has its closest affinities to the North American genera Spilocuma and Mancocuma, but can be distinguished from them and the other genera within the subfamily Vaunthompsoniinae by a combination of characters, including the presence of a dorsal carina or keel on pereonite 3 of the female, morphology of the antenna, absence of pleopods in the male, and the setation and segmentation of the uropods. Carinacuma umesi sp. nov., can be differentiated from its northern Gulf of Mexico cognate, C. watlingi comb. nov. by several characters, including: (1) maxilliped 3 carpus of female with inner margin bearing four to five simple setae, (2) uropod peduncle of female with inner margin bearing one sub-distal micro-serrate seta with single sub-terminal medial setule, (3) male antennule peduncle articles 1–2 sub-equal length, and (4) male antennule accessory flagellum slightly longer than basal article of main flagellum. A key to the five known males lacking pleopods within Vaunthompsoniinae is provided.

Relationship Between Destructive Grazing by the Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, and the Abundance of American Lobster, Homarus americanus, on the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1339-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wharton ◽  
K. H. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kelp Bed ◽  
The Relationship

Relationships between percentage cover of macroalgae, population structure of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), and the history of the lobster fishery were examined at nine sites distributed along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia from Guysborough County in the northeast to Pubnico in the southwest. At Pubnico there was dense algal cover and a small number of urchins living in crevices, and at Cape Sable there was an area of transition, but at all other sites there were urchin-dominated barren grounds. When the population structure of the urchins was compared with that previously observed in St. Margaret's Bay before, during, and after destruction of beds of kelp (Laminaria spp. and Agarum) by overgrazing, it was concluded that kelp bed destruction occurred on the coast north of Halifax prior to 1970, and on the coast south of Halifax after 1970. From the records of American lobster (Homarus americanus) catches it was concluded that a critical decline in catches at each site occurred a few years after kelp bed destruction. Information from various sources is synthesized into a coherent theory of the relationship between lobsters, other predators, sea urchins, and kelp.Key words: lobsters, Homarus americanus; sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis; destructive grazing, kelp, Laminaria, Agarum

Factors Influencing the Size of American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Stocks Along the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Gulf of Maine: A New Synthesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth C. Harding ◽  
Ken F. Drinkwater ◽  
W. Peter Vass
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Larval Recruitment ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Recruitment Failure

The general aspects of fluctuating American lobster (Homarus americanus) stocks are considered in an attempt to identify common principles controlling lobster populations in the Gulf of Maine, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. Inshore fishing mortality is known to be precariously high in both Canadian and American waters yet only in the central Northumberland Strait region and along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia are stocks experiencing steep declines. Existing regulations allow fishing of lobsters well below the size at which maturity can be expressed. In western and central Northumberland Strait female lobsters are not protected by the 'berried' law because of the timing of the fishing season. Climatic change, expressed as sea-surface temperature, is closely associated with the success of lobster recruitment in the Gulf of Maine, but nowhere else. Huntsman's hypothesis that warm surface water of sufficient duration is essential for the successful completion of the larval stages of the lobster is found to have wide application. Warmer waters are also found to have a preponderance of plankton in the size categories required for feeding by the first two larval stages. Both the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and the southwestern Gulf of Maine, including Georges Bank, are believed to be prolific nursery grounds for the early larval lobsters because warm water with plenty of food stimulates rapid development and settling. We calculated that larvae released on Georges Bank supply recruits to southern Nova Scotia, Bay of Fundy, and Maine, whereas some larvae from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence are thought to settle as far as Cape Breton Co., N.S., and before the closure of the Strait of Canso, Guysborough Co., N.S. The past importance of lobster recruitment to the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia through the Strait of Canso is estimated to have been as high as 60% of the average landings in Chedabucto Bay during the 11 best years of this fishery. The failure of the Atlantic coast lobster fishery off Nova Scotia is believed to have been initiated by a larval recruitment failure caused by the synchronous closure of the Strait of Canso and the start of a general climatic cooling. Possibly a critical temperature was reached along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia in the 1950s below which larval survival is much reduced by the shortened season. Reduced lobster abundance along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia may have contributed to the imbalance in the benthic ecosystem in which an uncontrolled urchin population consumed the kelp beds and until recently greatly reduced the primary production input to the system.Key words: American lobster, Homarus americanus; stocks, recruitment, ecology, larval transport

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Banded, Heavy Snowstorms with Very Different Synoptic Settings

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Jurewicz ◽  
Michael S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Intense Band ◽  
First Case ◽  
Heavy Snow

Abstract Two banded, heavy snowstorms that occurred over the northern mid-Atlantic region are compared and contrasted. On 6–7 January 2002, a narrow, intense band of heavy snow was observed, along with several other weaker bands, embedded within a large area of moderate snow. On 19–20 January 2002, a single, broader band of heavy snow was observed, embedded within a broken area of light snow. The synoptic-scale settings associated with these two storms were strikingly dissimilar. In the first case, strong quasigeostrophic (QG) forcing for ascent was present just to the south of the heavy snowfall area. A highly amplified longwave trough was located over the Mississippi River valley, while a compact shortwave trough moved northward, up the east side of the longwave trough. The result was robust cyclogenesis off of the mid-Atlantic coast. In the second case, the relatively weaker QG forcing for ascent was located much farther southwest of the snowband. The flow aloft was much less amplified, with weaker cyclogenesis occurring off of the mid-Atlantic coast. Analysis of the frontal scale environments for both cases indicated that the snowbands were each associated with the collocation of midtropospheric frontogenesis and reduced stability. In the first case, evidence is shown that a layer of potential symmetric instability (PSI) was located just above a deep, sloping zone of frontogenesis, in the presence of deep near-saturated conditions. In the second case, evidence is shown that a layer of potential instability (PI), associated with rapidly decreasing relative humidity with height, was located just above a shallow, sloping zone of frontogenesis. In addition, it is shown that a particularly favorable thermal environment for snowflake growth and accumulation became collocated with the heavy snowband. It is hypothesized that the differences in the intensity and horizontal extent of the bands observed with these two events resulted from differing atmospheric responses associated with the areal extent of large-scale and frontogenetical forcing, moisture availability, degree of instability, and specific thermal profiles.

The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-174
Author(s):  
Jason S. Link ◽  
Anthony R. Marshak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
The U.S

This chapter describes the Mid-Atlantic region and the major issues facing this marine fisheries ecosystem, and presents some summary statistics related to the 90 indicators of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) criteria. While containing lower numbers of managed taxa among the eight regional U.S. marine ecosystems, this region has relatively well-managed state and federal fisheries that are important both nationally and along the U.S. Atlantic coast, including Atlantic menhaden, blue crab, eastern oyster, black sea bass, summer flounder, and striped bass. The Mid-Atlantic is an environment that is subject to stressors that include habitat loss, coastal development, nutrient loading, climate-related species range shifts, hurricanes, other ocean uses, and proliferation of invasive species. Overall, EBFM progress has been made at the regional and subregional level in terms of implementing ecosystem-level planning, advancing knowledge of ecosystem principles, and in assessing risks and vulnerabilities to ecosystems through ongoing investigations into climate vulnerability and species prioritizations for stock and habitat assessments. While information has been obtained and models developed, only partial progress has been observed toward applying ecosystem-level emergent properties or reference points into management frameworks. While the Mid-Atlantic is leading in many aspects of its LMR and ecosystem-centric efforts, challenges remain toward effectively implementing additional facets of EBFM, and particularly enacting ecosystem-level control rules. This ecosystem is excelling in the areas of LMR and socioeconomic status, the quality of its governance system, and is relatively productive, as related to the determinants of successful LMR management.

Planktonic Growth of Larval Lobster (Homarus americanus) off îles de la Madeleine (Quebec), Gulf of St. Lawrence

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Hudon ◽  
Pierre Fradette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
La Madeleine

The carapace length of the three planktonic larval and one postlarval stages of Homarus americanus was measured for larvae collected off îles de la Madeleine over three summers. Mean larval size did not vary between years or locations around the islands. The size of stages I and II remained constant throughout the summer, but after molting into stages III and IV, larvae diminished in size through the summer. Size frequency distribution became more scattered as larvae grew into more advanced stages. The increase of variance with size between stages I–IV followed the same progression as that observed between stages V–XIII, allowing prediction of the variance associated with mean size at each stage. The size of stage I larvae collected in nine regions along the Atlantic coast was not correlated with the July surface water temperature or with the smallest female size at maturity. Comparison of various body proportions suggested that a single morphometric measurement is not sufficient to describe geographical variations in size. Percentage growth per molt decreased with each successive molt. During summer, increment at molt decreased and molt frequency increased. Larval growth rates followed closely the temperature regime, with maximum growth rate attained during the warmest period of the summer (July 30 – August 9). The duration of the first three larval stages estimated from field data was of 24 d compared with 21 d calculated from previous laboratory studies. The maximum abundance of stage I larvae was synchronized with the period of most rapid increase in summer temperature, thus insuring that larvae achieved highest net growth rates through their planktonic phase.

Growth of juvenile American lobster Homarus americanus in a changing environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 557 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD McMahan ◽  
DF Cowan ◽  
Y Chen ◽  
GD Sherwood ◽  
JH Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Changing Environment

Predicting bycatch hotspots based on suitable habitat derived from fishery-independent data

2020 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
J Runnebaum ◽  
KR Tanaka ◽  
L Guan ◽  
J Cao ◽  
L O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Suitability Index

Bycatch remains a global problem in managing sustainable fisheries. A critical aspect of management is understanding the timing and spatial extent of bycatch. Fisheries management often relies on observed bycatch data, which are not always available due to a lack of reporting or observer coverage. Alternatively, analyzing the overlap in suitable habitat for the target and non-target species can provide a spatial management tool to understand where bycatch interactions are likely to occur. Potential bycatch hotspots based on suitable habitat were predicted for cusk Brosme brosme incidentally caught in the Gulf of Maine American lobster Homarus americanus fishery. Data from multiple fisheries-independent surveys were combined in a delta-generalized linear mixed model to generate spatially explicit density estimates for use in an independent habitat suitability index. The habitat suitability indices for American lobster and cusk were then compared to predict potential bycatch hotspot locations. Suitable habitat for American lobster has increased between 1980 and 2013 while suitable habitat for cusk decreased throughout most of the Gulf of Maine, except for Georges Basin and the Great South Channel. The proportion of overlap in suitable habitat varied interannually but decreased slightly in the spring and remained relatively stable in the fall over the time series. As Gulf of Maine temperatures continue to increase, the interactions between American lobster and cusk are predicted to decline as cusk habitat continues to constrict. This framework can contribute to fisheries managers’ understanding of changes in habitat overlap as climate conditions continue to change and alter where bycatch interactions could occur.

Invasion by the marine gastropod Ocinebrellus inornatus in France. II. Expansion along the Atlantic coast

2004 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Martel ◽  
F Viard ◽  
D Bourguet ◽  
P Garcia-Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Marine Gastropod

Raw milk cheese as a potential infection source of pathogenic and toxigenic food born pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Vedovelli CARDOZO ◽  
Natalia NESPOLO ◽  
Tammy Chioda DELFINO ◽  
Camila Chioda de ALMEIDA ◽  
Lucas José Luduverio PIZAURO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese
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