Effects of Fish Introductions and Hydroelectric Development on Fishes in the Kananaskis River System, Alberta

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
River System ◽  
Hydroelectric Development ◽  
Fish Introductions ◽  
Longnose Suckers ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Changes occurred in the abundance and distribution of fishes in the Kananaskis River system, Alberta, in conjunction with fish introductions and hydroelectric development. Data from surveys from 1936 to 1961 indicate the probable chronology of events.Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), brook trout (S. fontinalis), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarkii), and rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) decreased in abundance, probably due to the introduction of brown trout (Salmo trutta), longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus), and white suckers (C. commersonii), to the cooling of the Kananaskis River from reservoir construction, and to sport fishing. Hybridization between rainbow and cutthroat trout was also important in the decrease of the latter species. After introduction by man, brown trout, rainbow trout, longnose suckers, white suckers, lake chub (Hybopsis plumbea), and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) greatly increased in abundance. Prior to the increase in numbers of white suckers, a reduction in the numbers of longnose suckers occurred in Lower Kananaskis Reservoir. Little change in the distribution of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), longnose dace, and brook sticklebacks (Culaea (= Eucalia) inconstans) occurred over the 25 years. Changes in the physicochemical environment and invertebrate fauna in the reservoirs appeared to be of secondary importance to the interaction among fish in causing the changes in species abundance and distribution.

Trends in the Distribution and Abundance of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Nonnative Trout in Idaho

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Meyer ◽  
Erin I. Larson ◽  
Christopher L. Sullivan ◽  
Brett High
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri across their native range is relatively well-known, but evaluations of trends in distribution and abundance over time are lacking. In 2010–2011, we resurveyed 74 stream reaches in the upper Snake River basin of Idaho that were sampled in the 1980s and again in 1999–2000 to evaluate changes in the distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and nonnative trout over time. Yellowstone cutthroat trout occupied all 74 reaches in the 1980s, 70 reaches in 1999–2000, and 69 reaches in 2010–2011. In comparison, rainbow trout O. mykiss and rainbow × cutthroat hybrid occupancy increased from 23 reaches in the 1980s to 36 reaches in 1999–2000, and then declined back to 23 reaches in 2010–2011. The proportion of reaches occupied by brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis was largely unchanged across time periods. Yellowstone cutthroat trout abundance declined from a mean of 40.0 fish/100 linear meters of stream in the 1980s to 32.8 fish/100 m in 2010–2011. In contrast, estimates of abundance increased over time for all species of nonnative trout. Population growth rate (λ) was therefore below replacement for Yellowstone cutthroat trout (mean  =  0.98) and above replacement for rainbow trout (1.07), brown trout (1.08), and brook trout (1.04), but 90% confidence intervals overlapped unity for all species. However, λ differed statistically from 1.00 within some individual drainages for each species. More pronounced drought conditions in any given year resulted in lower Yellowstone cutthroat trout abundance 1 y later. Our results suggest that over a span of up to 32 y, the distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in the upper Snake River basin of Idaho appears to be relatively stable, and nonnative trout do not currently appear to be expanding across the basin.

Bacterial Kidney Disease in Feral Populations of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Brown Trout (Salmo trutta), and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1370-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Mitchum ◽  
Loris E. Sherman ◽  
George T. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Incidence and effects of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were determined in wild, naturally reproducing populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a small lake and stream system in southeastern Wyoming, USA where BKD epizootics have been observed since 1972. During 1976, dead fish were collected at three upstream stations, and 60 live fish were collected from each of 11 stations. All fish were necropsied, and virological, bacteriological, and parasitological examinations were conducted by standard methods. An indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to detect the BKD organism in cultures and kidney tissue smears. Bacterial kidney disease was diagnosed in 100% of the dead brook trout collected. Incidence among live fish ranged from 83% at an upstream station to only 3% at the most downstream location, and was highest in brook trout and lowest in rainbow trout. Two longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus), the only non-salmonids collected, were found negative for BKD. Clinical signs of infection and the most severe infections were found only in brook trout. Five age-classes of feral brook trout were involved in the epizootics. Since other known pathogens were essentially absent, it is believed that all deaths were due to BKD. Relationships between species susceptibility to BKD, age-classes, water chemistry and water temperatures, and certain ecological conditions are discussed. Key words: bacterial kidney disease, feral trout, epizootics, brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout

Changes in the visual pigments of trout

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Allen ◽  
William N. McFarland ◽  
Frederick W. Munz ◽  
Hugh A. Poston
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Canopy Access

The proportions of two visual pigments (rhodopsin and porphyropsin) were examined in four species of trout under experimental and natural conditions. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and brown trout (Salmo trutta) have different relative proportions of visual pigments in their retinae. The visual pigment balance in wild cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) is related to forest canopy (access to light) and season. The brown trout have a more red-sensitive and less labile pair of visual pigments than brook or rainbow trout, which respond to photic conditions by increasing the proportion of porphyropsin (in light) and increasing rhodopsin (in darkness). The brown trout have a high percentage of porphyropsin, regardless of experimental conditions. This result does not reflect an inability to form rhodopsin but rather may relate to a consistently high proportion of 3-dehydroretinol in the pigment epithelium. The possible advantages and mechanisms of environmental control of trout visual pigment absorbance, as currently understood, are discussed.

A Small RNA Virus Isolated from Salmonid Fishes in California, USA

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Hedrick ◽  
S. Yun ◽  
W. H. Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

Beginning in the summer of 1988, examinations of numerous salmonid broodstocks in northern California, USA, revealed widespread infections with a previously undescribed virus. The virus was isolated from ovarian fluids of adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), cutthroat trout (O. clarki), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and from kidney and spleen samples of juvenile brown and brook trout. The virus was not associated with above-normal losses in adult or juvenile fish. Virions purified from infected CHSE-214 cells were hexagonal with a mean diameter of 37.5 nm (SD = 0.41) and did not possess an envelope. The virus induced a diffuse degenerative cytopathic effect in CHSE-214 cells 14–28 d after inoculation with ovarian fluids or tissue homogenates. The virus replicated in CHSE-214 cells at temperatures from 10 to 20 °C with an optimum at 15 °C. Replication of the virus was not inhibited by addition of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUDR) to the growth medium. There was no virus-induced mortality but virus was recovered for periods of up to 3–5 wk following waterborne exposures of rainbow and brown trout and kokanee salmon (O. nerka) but not from chinook (O. tshawytscha) or coho salmon (O. kisutch).

Transmission of Bacterial Kidney Disease from Wild to Stocked Hatchery Trout

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Mitchum ◽  
Loris E. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease

Natural, horizontal transmission of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) from infected wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to newly stocked hatchery brook trout, brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was shown in a small lake and stream system in southeastern Wyoming, USA. Stocked trout were infected naturally and died in 9 mo or less after exposure to infected wild fish. Dead and live fish collected from each of three stations were necropsied. Fluorescent antibody techniques (FAT) were used to detect the BKD organism in all samples. Low severity infections were often detected by FAT at a higher rate when feces were examined as compared to kidney tissues from the same fish. Because other known pathogens were essentially absent, BKD was diagnosed as the cause of all deaths in both stocked hatchery fish and wild fish. Rainbow trout were found to be the most refractory species.Key words: bacterial kidney disease, natural disease transmission, wild trout, brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout, epizootics

Assessment of Fin Erosion by Comparison of Relative Fin Length in Hatchery and Wild Trout in Utah

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bosakowski ◽  
Eric J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Fin Length

We measured all fins of 600 hatchery trout sampled from all 10 state fish hatcheries in Utah, and of wild fish sampled as controls comprising 58 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 33 cutthroat trout (O. clarki), and 54 brown trout (Salmo trutta). A strong linear correlation was found between fin length and total body length (100–300 mm) for all fins of wild rainbow trout. "Relative fin length" (fin length/total body length × 100) proved to be a useful comparative measure, as this statistic was not biased by fish length in the wild fish sampled (all slopes <0.01%). Interspecific comparison of wild rainbow, cutthroat, and brown trout showed slight but statistically significant differences in some fin lengths. In intraspecific comparisons, hatchery fish had significantly shorter (10–50%) rayed fins than wild fish. The dorsal fin was most severely eroded in rainbow and brown trout, followed by the pectoral, anal, ventral, and caudal fins, in cutthroat trout the pattern was the same except that pectoral fins had more extensive erosion than dorsal fins. No species was clearly more susceptible to fin erosion in hatcheries, but the Fish Lake – DeSmet strain of rainbow trout had significantly shorter fins than other rainbow trout strains.

scholarly journals Fishery-exteriors characteristics of the brooders of brown trout, rainbow trout and brook trout

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (90) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Ye. O. Barylo ◽  
Yu. V. Loboiko ◽  
B. S. Barylo
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Relative Fertility

This study aims to determine the reproductive indices of three types of salmon fish: brown trout (Salmo trutta morfa fario Linnaeus (1758), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1814) in aquaculture. For this purpose, 10 females and 10 males of each species were selected on an analogous basis and the main fishery-exteriors and reproductive characteristics were identified. The researching of relative fertility permit to establish that this indicator in brook trout females was 18.36% higher compared to rainbow trout, however, by 7.5% lower compared to the brown trout. It was found that brook trout eggs had less weight and size in comparison with other studied species. In particular, the weight and diameter of the eggs were 2.89 and 9.7% respectively lower than of rainbow trout, as well as 8.1 and 3.44% respectively lower compared to the brown trout. When studying the quantity of ejaculate, it was found that on average, brook trout males had 16.95% less of ejaculates compared to rainbow trout males, but 79.6% more than of brown trout males. When comparing the main indices of the brooders body of the studied species, it was found that the condition factor of the brook trout and rainbow trout females was quite high at 1.55–1.57, the brown trout one was 1.35, and the profile index respectively was 3.5, 3.52 and 4.0. The males' condition factor of brook trout, rainbow trout and brown trout was respectively 1.64, 1.52 and 1.35. Fishery-exteriors indicators met the requirements of brooders species and age specificity norms of the studied fish species.

scholarly journals Assessment of trout populations inhabiting the Palena River, southern Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Sandra Bravo ◽  
Ken Whelan ◽  
María Teresa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Recreational Angling ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Gravid Females

A survey of trout species was carried out to assess the trout stocks' quality inhabiting the Palena River Basin, one of the most important rivers for recreational angling in Chilean Patagonia. Six sampling campaigns were carried out over 16 selected stretches of the river between February 2012 and June 2013. A total of 912 trout were collected, 57% rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 33.3% brown trout (Salmo trutta), and 9.6% brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Also, one tiger trout (Salmo trutta × Salvelinus fontinalis) (a hybrid between brown and brook trout) was recorded. Results showed that both rainbow trout and brown trout shared the same reaches of the river, with very similar feeding habits, while brook trout inhabited smaller and more enclosed streams. Maturity stages (V-VI) were recorded from the fish sampled over the period spring-summer-autumn in the case of rainbow trout; autumn-winter for brook trout, and summer-autumn for brook trout. One of the study's most notable features was the small size of the mature brook trout, reaching 17.5 cm in length for gravid females and 12.4 cm for mature males at age 2+. The maximum age recorded for rainbow and brown trout was 6+, with a maximum length of 69.8 and 58.5cm, respectively, while for brook trout, the maximum age recorded was 3+ for a female with a length of 29.9 cm length and 2+ for a male of 16.6 cm.

Segregation of resident trout in streams as predicted by three habitat dimensions

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Bozek ◽  
Wayne A. Hubert
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Central Rocky Mountains ◽  
Habitat Variables

We assessed the relation of three measures of habitat to the distribution of four species of Salmonidae, cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), in streams of the central Rocky Mountains. We examined whether single measures of three habitat dimensions (climate, stream energy, and stream size) could account for current distribution patterns of four resident trout species in Wyoming. The three habitat dimensions were represented by three habitat variables: elevation, channel gradient, and wetted stream width. Considerable overlap in the ranges of elevation, gradient, and wetted width was observed among reaches where the four species were found, but differences in the mean values of these habitat features were observed among species. Using discriminant analysis, we categorized the presence and absence of individual species in stream reaches by the three habitat variables. We successfully predicted the presence of brook trout (87%), cutthroat trout (59%), brown trout (50%), and rainbow trout (39%) in streams, but the absence of each species was predicted more successfully (rainbow trout (94%), brown trout (94%), cutthroat trout (90%), and brook trout (57%)). The three habitat features were useful in describing the segregation of trout species in streams of the central Rocky Mountains.

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