Laboratory Observations on Embryonic Development and Larvae of the Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius)

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Pacific Cod Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between rate of development of eastern Pacific cod eggs and water temperature was found to be linear at temperatures of 5–11 °C. Time to 50% hatching ranged from 8.5 days at 11 °C to 17 days at 5 °C. Most successful hatching occurred at the lowest temperature. Newly hatched larvae from 5° water had an average length of 4.45 mm.

Effects of Salinity and Temperature on Embryonic Development of the Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Forrester ◽  
D.F. Alderdice
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Pacific Cod Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
The Pacific

Eggs of the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius) were held from fertilization to completion of hatching in various combinations of constant salinity (19–31‰) and temperature (2–10 C). Hatching occurred in all salinities and temperatures, and survival was highest at the lower levels of both factors. A direct and approximately linear relationship was found between rate of development and temperature within the temperature range employed. At each temperature the length of the incubation period was increased at lower salinities. It is suspected that eggs were subjected to hypoxial conditions in the experiments, a circumstance considered to have depressed survival rate over all experimental combinations. There was, in general, an inverse relationship between salinity and temperature with respect to both size of larvae produced and the duration of the hatching period. Calculated response isopleths suggest that eggs of Gadus macrocephalus are euryhaline, and that maximum hatching success may be found in the vicinity of 19‰ S and 5 C. Changes of 1 C were calculated to be equivalent in effect on hatching success to a change of about 12‰ S.

scholarly journals IgE reactivity to fish allergens from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in atopic dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Imanishi ◽  
Jumpei Uchiyama ◽  
Keijiro Mizukami ◽  
Junichi Kamiie ◽  
Keigo Kurata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Ige ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Fish Allergy ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Pacific Cod Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Background: IgE reactivity to fish allergens in atopic dogs, which are used as models for food allergy, has not been elucidated to date. We investigated IgE reactivity to crude extracts and purified allergens derived from the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in atopic dogs to identify the allergenic proteins of cod.Results: The levels of specific IgE to crude cod extracts were measured in the sera of 179 atopic dogs, including 27 dogs with cod allergy, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgE to crude cod extracts were present in 36 (20%) of the 179 atopic dogs and in 12 (44%) of the 27 dogs with cod allergy. The allergens in crude cod extracts were analyzed by ELISA, immunoblotting, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In allergen component analysis, IgE reactivity to tropomyosin and enolase was observed in the sera of dogs with cod allergy. IgE reactivity to parvalbumin, collagen, and tropomyosin was evaluated using the sera of atopic dogs that tested positive for specific IgE to crude cod extracts. Among the 36 dogs with IgE reactivity to crude cod extracts, 9 (25%), 14 (39%), and 18 (50%) dogs tested positive for specific IgE to parvalbumin, collagen, and tropomyosin, respectively.Conclusions: The IgE reactivity to cod allergens observed in dogs was similar to that in humans, and this finding further supports the use of atopic dogs with fish allergy as a model for fish allergy in humans.

scholarly journals IgE reactivity to fish allergens from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in atopic dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Imanishi ◽  
Jumpei Uchiyama ◽  
Keijiro Mizukami ◽  
Junichi Kamiie ◽  
Keigo Kurata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Ige ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Fish Allergy ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Pacific Cod Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Background: IgE reactivity to fish allergens in atopic dogs, which are used as models for food allergy, has not been elucidated to date. We investigated IgE reactivity to crude extracts and purified allergens derived from the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in atopic dogs to identify the allergenic proteins of cod.Results: The levels of specific IgE to crude cod extracts were measured in the sera of 179 atopic dogs, including 27 dogs with cod allergy, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgE to crude cod extracts were present in 36 (20%) of the 179 atopic dogs and in 12 (44%) of the 27 dogs with cod allergy. The allergens in crude cod extracts were analyzed by ELISA, immunoblotting, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In allergen component analysis, IgE reactivity to tropomyosin and enolase was observed in the sera of dogs with cod allergy. IgE reactivity to parvalbumin, collagen, and tropomyosin was evaluated using the sera of atopic dogs that tested positive for specific IgE to crude cod extracts. Among the 36 dogs with IgE reactivity to crude cod extracts, 9 (25%), 14 (39%), and 18 (50%) dogs tested positive for specific IgE to parvalbumin, collagen, and tropomyosin, respectively.Conclusions: The IgE reactivity to cod allergens observed in dogs was similar to that in humans, and this finding further supports the use of atopic dogs with fish allergy as a model for fish allergy in humans.

scholarly journals IgE reactivity to fish allergens from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in atopic dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Imanishi ◽  
Jumpei Uchiyama ◽  
Keijiro Mizukami ◽  
Junichi Kamiie ◽  
Keigo Kurata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Ige ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Fish Allergy ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Pacific Cod Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Background IgE reactivity to fish allergens in atopic dogs, which are used as models for food allergy, has not been elucidated to date. We investigated IgE reactivity to crude extracts and purified allergens derived from the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in atopic dogs to identify the allergenic proteins of cod. Results The levels of specific IgE to crude cod extracts were measured in the sera of 179 atopic dogs, including 27 dogs with cod allergy, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgE to crude cod extracts were present in 36 (20%) of the 179 atopic dogs and in 12 (44%) of the 27 dogs with cod allergy. The allergens in crude cod extracts were analyzed by ELISA, immunoblotting, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In allergen component analysis, IgE reactivity to tropomyosin and enolase was observed in the sera of dogs with cod allergy. IgE reactivity to parvalbumin, collagen, and tropomyosin was evaluated using the sera of atopic dogs that tested positive for specific IgE to crude cod extracts. Among the 36 dogs with IgE reactivity to crude cod extracts, 9 (25%), 14 (39%), and 18 (50%) dogs tested positive for specific IgE to parvalbumin, collagen, and tropomyosin, respectively. Conclusions The IgE reactivity to cod allergens observed in dogs was similar to that in humans, and this finding further supports the use of atopic dogs with fish allergy as a model for fish allergy in humans.

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