Growth and Reproduction of the Longnose Sucker, Catostomus catostomus (Forster), in Great Slave Lake

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy H. D. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Exponent ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Great Slave Lake ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Longnose Sucker ◽  
Longnose Suckers ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

A biological investigation of the longnose sucker, in Great Slave Lake, was carried out in 1950 and 1951. Specimens were obtained by use of gill nets and seines. Suckers taken along the south shore had a faster rate of growth than those in the more northern area. In both areas, males and females grew at the same rate in length and weight. Females lived longer and thereby became heavier. The average annual survival rate was 45%. The growth exponent was 2.88; the length-weight relationship, W = 0.000252 L2.88. Longnose suckers spawned in Hay River from the ice cover break-up in May to June 15. The water temperature did not exceed 59°F (15 °C). The majority of spawning-run fish were 10 to 12 years old. Although sexually mature at 7 years, no suckers younger than 9 years of age were found in the spawning run. Females contained from 17,000 to 60,000 eggs but may not spawn each year. Fingerlings from Hay River were 33 to 80 mm in length, and were in their first summer. They all had scales.

Spawning patterns and interspecific matings of sympatric white (Catostomus commersoni) and longnose (C. catostomus) suckers from the Gouin reservoir system, Quebec

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dion ◽  
M. Richardson ◽  
L. Roy ◽  
F. G. Whoriskey
Keyword(s):  
White Sucker ◽  
Reservoir Level ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Reservoir System ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Longnose Sucker ◽  
Longnose Suckers

White (Catostomus commersoni) and longnose (C. catostomus) suckers from the Gouin reservoir, Quebec, and a small upstream lake (Lac des Cinq Miles) spawned in the same stream. White suckers numerically dominated the runs in all years; however, abundances of both species decreased eightfold during a year when the reservoir level was lowered for maintenance. Return rates of individuals of both species tagged during the spawning run were poor in the following year, and only a few fish (<0.6%) skipped a year to spawn 2 years later. Although some individuals of both species occurred at all monitored spawning areas, white suckers concentrated their spawning activity over sites with boulders, whereas longnose suckers were most abundant over gravel. Differences in the courtship behaviour of the two species initially discouraged interspecific matings. However, white sucker males ultimately participated in 32% of the female longnose sucker matings, though spawning of male longnose suckers with female white suckers was not observed. White suckers spawned in groups or in pairs, whereas in all instances longnose suckers spawned with two or more males.

Population parameters of ringed seals (Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775) in the Svalbard area

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lydersen ◽  
Ian Gjertz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Ringed Seals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sexually Mature

Samples were taken from 284 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in the Svalbard area during April–July 1981 and March–April 1982. The age of 283 seals was determined by reading annuli in the cementum of the canine teeth. The mean age of the males was 11.3 years, and of the females, 14.9 years. Females were found to be significantly older than males. The mean length of sexually mature ringed seals was 128.9 cm for both sexes. The mean weight of adult males and females was 53.5 and 61.4 kg, respectively. Females were found to be significantly heavier than males. The sex ratio was 47.8% males and 52.2% females. Studies of microscopic sections of testis and epididymis from ringed seal males showed that 63, 75, and 80% of 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old animals, respectively, were sexually mature. The weights of testis and epididymis, diameters of tubuli, and the size of testis all showed a marked increase in the 5-year age-class. Macroscopic sections of ovaries from ringed seal females showed that 20, 60, and 80% of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old animals, respectively, were sexually mature. The size of the ovaries showed a marked increase in the 5-year age-class. The ovulation rate of ringed seals from Svalbard was calculated to be 0.91.

scholarly journals BEBERAPA ASPEK BIOLOGI UDANG PUTIH (Penaeus indicus) DI PERAIRAN SEBELAH UTARA BREBES DAN TEGAL, JAWA TENGAH (Biological Aspects of White Shrimp (Penaeus Indicus) In the North Brebes and Tegal Waters, Central Java)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Iin Ika Wahyuni ◽  
Anhar Solichin ◽  
Suradi Wijaya Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Penaeus Indicus ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

 Salah satu potensi perikanan di perairan Brebes dan Tegal adalah Udang Putih yang terancam kelestariannya akibat meningkatnya penangkapan dengan Jaring Arad. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aspek biologi udang P. indicus dan status sumberdayanya, seperti komposisi hasil tangkapan, struktur ukuran, sifat pertumbuhan, dan aspek reproduksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode survei. Sampel udang diambil 100% dari total hasil tangkapan tiap perahu karena hasil tangkapan kurang dari 100 ekor. Pengambilan sampel enam kali dari Juli-Desember 2016. Tempat pengambilan sampel di TPI Kluwut, Kaliwlingi, Larangan dan Surodadi. Hasil penelitian nilai L50%P. indicus di sebelah utara Brebes dan Tegal memiliki panjang total 84 mm dan 85 mm, nilai ½ L∞ yaitu 97 mm (jantan) dan 121 mm (betina). L50% < ½ L∞ berarti ukuran udang yang tertangkap masih kecil sehingga dikhawatirkan terjadinya growth overfishing. Sifat pertumbuhan udang jantan dan betina di Brebes yaitu isometrik (b=2,98) dan alometrik negatif (b=2,86), di Tegal yaitu alometrik positif (b= 3,43) dan isometrik (b= 3,02). Nilai faktor kondisi P. indicus di Brebes 1,63 (jantan) dan 1,59 (betina), sedangkan di Tegal 1,81 (jantan) dan 1,57 (betina). Perbandingan nisbah kelamin P. indicus di Brebes 1: 4,4 dan di Tegal 1: 2,9. Status tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya udang P. indicus di sebelah utara Brebes dan Tegal perlu penyempurnaan untuk memenuhi syarat perikanan yang berkelanjutan. One of the potential fishery in the Brebes and Tegal waters is P. Indicus shrimp that has been threatened by increasing fishing effort of Arad net. The purpose of this research to know biological aspects of P. indicus and resources status, such as composition of catch, size of structure, growth, and reproduction aspects. The method used is survey method. Shrimp samples were taken at random 10% of the total catch per boat. Sampling six times from July to December 2016. The sampling at TPI Kluwut, TPI Kaliwlingi, TPI Larangan and TPI Surodadi. The results of research L50% value of P. indicus in north Brebes and Tegal has 84 mm and 85 mm TL, ½ L∞ are 97 mm (males) and 121 mm (females). L50% <½ L∞ mean size of shrimp caught are ssmall to worry about the occurrence of growth overfishing. The growth of males and females shrimp in Brebes are isometric (b = 2.98) and negative allometric (b = 2.86), in Tegal growth of males and females are positive allometrik (b = 3.43) and isometric (b = 3.02). Condition factor P. indicus in Brebes are 1.63 (males) and 1.59 (females), whereas in Tegal are 1.81 (males) and 1.57 (females). Sex ratio P. indicus in Brebes 1: 4.4 and in Tegal 1: 2.9. Status of the level of resource P. indicus need improvement to qualify sustainable fisheries.  

scholarly journals Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20190613
Author(s):  
Jacob D. Negrey ◽  
Melissa Emery Thompson ◽  
Kevin E. Langergraber ◽  
Zarin P. Machanda ◽  
John C. Mitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Delayed Consequences ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Older Males

In humans, senescence increases susceptibility to viral infection. However, comparative data on viral infection in free-living non-human primates—even in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos ( Pan troglodytes and P. paniscus )—are relatively scarce, thereby constraining an evolutionary understanding of age-related patterns of viral infection. We investigated a population of wild eastern chimpanzees ( P. t. schweinfurthii ), using metagenomics to characterize viromes (full viral communities) in the faeces of 42 sexually mature chimpanzees (22 males, 20 females) from the Kanyawara and Ngogo communities of Kibale National Park, Uganda. We identified 12 viruses from at least four viral families possessing genomes of both single-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA. Faecal viromes of both sexes varied with chimpanzee age, but viral richness increased with age only in males. This effect was largely due to three viruses, salivirus, porprismacovirus and chimpanzee stool-associated RNA virus (chisavirus), which occurred most frequently in samples from older males. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that selection on males for early-life reproduction compromises investment in somatic maintenance, which has delayed consequences for health later in life, in this case reflected in viral infection and/or shedding. Faecal viromes are therefore useful for studying processes related to the divergent reproductive strategies of males and females, ageing, and sex differences in longevity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process'.

Social behavior in a non-pupping colony of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubata)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1596-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Harestad ◽  
H. D. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Steller Sea Lions ◽  
Female Behavior ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexually Mature

An ethogram of 22 behavior patterns is described. Larger and older sea lions (Eumetopias jubata) are dominant to smaller and younger ones. Males are more socially involved, and their behavior becomes more complex than that of females.Adult male and female behavior is less vigorous than that of subadult males. Territories where adult males and females are concentrated are more tranquil than areas where subadult males aggregate. Since females avoid areas of activity and harassment by sexually mature subadult males, they group in territories which act as refuges. This contributes to the spacial organization of the colony.The behavior of subadult males results in social disruption, whereas social stability is accommodated by adult males and females who are more stationary and so maintain prolonged social relationships.Non-pupping colonies are spacially organized similar to pupping colonies except for the relative proportion of age–sex classes. Socially, non-pupping colonies are less organized than pupping colonies. Social organization in E. jubata is promoted by the tranquil or energy-conserving behavior and ability of adults and inhibited by the behavior of subadult males.

Unusual Occurrence of the Brook Stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in the Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1655-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Red River ◽  
The South ◽  
Culaea Inconstans ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Great Slave Lake ◽  
Unusual Occurrence ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Brook Stickleback ◽  
Mackenzie River

Two specimens of the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) were taken in the mouths of Pierre and Tsital Trien creeks near Arctic Red River on the Mackenzie River during 1971. Previous most northerly published records were from the south shore of Great Slave Lake. The specimens may have been carried downstream by spring floods and may not represent a resident population.

Comparative Ecology and Behavior of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Two years after planting in six small oligotrophic lakes, domestic, hybrid and wild strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, used space and food resources in the same way as native trout. Although trout living with or without white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, were similarly spatially distributed, they had different diets, suggesting a feeding niche shift of trout in the presence of sucker; we concluded that this shift is under phenotypic control because each planted strain came from similar genetic backgrounds. Sexual maturity was related to the size of individuals, regardless of the strain, and males matured before females. Almost all males and females were sexually mature in the first fall after stocking except wild females (3.0 and 75% matured during the first and second fall, respectively). Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of domestic and hybrid females were similar during the first fall, but the GSI of domestic females was significantly higher than that of hybrid and wild strains in the second fail. Mean egg diameters were similar among the three strains during the two falls, but fecundity of domestic females, after correction for size differences, was significantly higher than that of hybrid females which, in turn, was significantly higher than that of wild ones.

Behavioural strategies of fruit flies of the genus Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) significant in mating and host-plant relationships

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. I. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Feeding Attractant ◽  
Oviposition Sites

AbstractAdults of Dacus spp. feed on plant surface bacteria. The responses of D. tryoni (Froggatt) and D. cacuminatus (Hering) to some components of bacterial odours and to cue-lure were tested in a field-cage olfactometer, in studies in south-eastern Queensland. One component of bacterial emission, 2-butanone, attracted D. tryoni (a species responding to cue-lure) but not D. cacuminatus (a species responding to methyl eugenol) and is suggested as the attractive portion of the cue-lure molecule. Sexually mature males and immature females of D. tryoni responded to 2-butanone, cue-lure and bacterial odours in field-cage tests. Females fed on sugar and water required protein hydrolysate to produce eggs, but males were fertile with or without protein. These different nutrient requirements, and the fact that males and females possess different crop colour and bacterial contents when feeding in the same host-plant, indicate that the sexes feed on different substrates. Consequently, the strong bacterial attractant cues in the host-tree may be a feeding attractant to females and a sex attractant to males. It is proposed that 2-butanone is an important rendezvous stimulant in nature, bringing the mature male flies into the feeding and oviposition sites (host-trees) of the developing females for mating encounters.

Spring breeding of a northern temperate crayfish, Orconectes rusticus

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2641-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Berrill ◽  
Michael Arsenault
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Orconectes Rusticus ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexually Mature

In southern Ontario in the springs of 1980, 1981, and 1982 the crayfish Orconectes rusticus bred explosively when water temperatures rose above 4 °C. Copulations occurred frequently as sexually mature males and females wandered over the substrate at night. Males fought with each other and interrupted copulating pairs. In 1980 and 1981, females began to sequester themselves and extrude their eggs 11–12 days after copulations began. Males then gradually wandered and fought less, began feeding, and the breeding period ended approximately 4 weeks after the initiation of frequent copulations. In 1982, a delayed spring resulted in a far shorter breeding period. Laboratory experiments indicated that although a rise in water temperature initiated breeding events, including egg extrusion, the degree of necessary temperature increase may be inversely correlated with the duration of lengthening photoperiod to which females are exposed. Females which did not copulate in spring extruded eggs which were mostly infertile, emphasizing the importance of spring copulation in this northern orconectid.

scholarly journals Reproduction and feeding ecology of Amphisbaena munoai and Anops kingi (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae) in the Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense, southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael L Balestrin ◽  
Lize H Cappellari
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Unimodal Pattern

This study presents original data on the reproduction and feeding ecology of two syntopic amphisbaenians, Amphisbaena munoai Klappenbach, 1969 and Anops kingi Bell, 1833, from southern Brazil. Sampling was carried out from April 2004 to April 2006 at a highland area located in São Jerônimo and Barão do Triunfo municipalities, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 647 amphisbaenians were collected, 510 specimens of A. munoai and 137 specimens of A. kingi, of which 130 and 93, respectively, had their gonads and gut content analyzed. Both species presented a unimodal pattern of seasonal distribution, sexually mature females with significantly larger snout vent length (SVL) than sexually mature males, and seasonal reproductive cycle. Adults of A. kingi had significantly larger (SVL) than those of Amphisbaena munoai. Both species had generalist diets, but termites (Isoptera) was a staple item in their diet. Greater predominance of insect larvae was observed in the diet of A. kingi, which may be due to its larger body in comparison to A. munoai. Insect larvae ingested by A. kingi were significantly larger than those ingested by A. munoai. Diets of adult males and females of both species were not significantly different. The ontogenetic diet comparison in both species revealed significant numerical differences, with adults consuming higher numbers of prey.

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