Biosynthesis of Trimethylammonium Compounds in Aquatic Animals. II. Role of Betaine in the Formation of Trimethylamine Oxide by Lobster (Homarus americanus)

1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide

not available

Biosynthesis of Trimethylammonium Compounds in Aquatic Animals: III. Choline Metabolism in Marine Crustacea

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Cancer Magister ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Choline Metabolism ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide

The incorporation in vivo of radioactivity into phospholipid-bound choline has been studied in lobster (Homarus americanus) following intramuscular administration of Na-formate-C14, glycine-2-C14, DL-serine-3-C14, L-methionine-methyl-C14 and choline-methyl-C14. Choline and methionine were utilized for formation of phospholipid choline at both metabolic periods of 24 and 72 hours, whereas the other compounds gave only a very limited labelling.When choline-methyl-C14 was administered to crab (Cancer magister), after 24 hours 1.9% of the administered radioactivity was found in phospholipid choline and 0.1% in trimethylamine oxide.

Biosynthesis of Trimethylammonium Compounds in Aquatic Animals: I. Formation of Trimethylamine Oxide and Betaine from C14-labelled Compounds by Lobster (Homarus americanus)

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Good Precursor

The formation of trimethylamine oxide and betaine in lobster has been studied in vivo with radioactive carbon. C14-labelled compounds, tested as possible precursors, were administered to lobsters by injection into the abdominal muscle. Incorporation of the tracer into trimethylamine oxide and betaine, isolated from the whole body, was followed after a metabolic period of 24 and 72 hours.Administration of Na formate-C14, DL-serine-3-C14and glycine-2-C14does not lead to labelling of trimethylamine oxide. L-methionine-methyl-C14was a poor precursor of trimethylamine oxide, compared with choline-methyl-C14. These findings suggest a possible function for choline or a derivative in trimethylamine oxide biosynthesis.It appears that the formation of betaine in lobster takes place by oxidation of choline rather than by methylation of glycine. Choline-methyl-C14was found to be a very good precursor, whereas glycine-2-C14was not converted to betaine.

scholarly journals The Gene Regulatory Roles of Herbal Extracts on the Growth, Immune System, and Reproduction of Fish

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ahmadifar ◽  
Hamideh Pourmohammadi Fallah ◽  
Morteza Yousefi ◽  
Mahmoud A. O. Dawood ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Sustainable Aquaculture ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Gene Regulatory

The crucial need for safe and healthy aquatic animals obligates researchers in aquaculture to investigate alternative and beneficial additives. Medicinal herbals and their extracts are compromised with diverse effects on the performances of aquatic animals. These compounds can affect growth performance and stimulate the immune system when used in fish diet. In addition, the use of medicinal herbs and their extracts can reduce oxidative stress induced by several stressors during fish culture. Correspondingly, aquatic animals could gain increased resistance against infectious pathogens and environmental stressors. Nevertheless, the exact mode of action where these additives can affect aquatic animals’ performances is still not well documented. Understanding the mechanistic role of herbal supplements and their derivatives is a vital tool to develop further the strategies and application of these additives for feasible and sustainable aquaculture. Gene-related studies have clarified the detailed information on the herbal supplements’ mode of action when administered orally in aquafeed. Several review articles have presented the potential roles of medicinal herbs on the performances of aquatic animals. However, this review article discusses the outputs of studies conducted on aquatic animals fed dietary, medicinal herbs, focusing on the gene expression related to growth and immune performances. Furthermore, a particular focus is directed to the expected influence of herbal supplements on the reproduction of aquatic animals.

Studies on Water in Barnacle Muscle Fibres II. Role of ions and Organic Solutes in Swelling of Chemically-skinned Fibres

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
M. E. CLARK ◽  
J. A. M. HINKE ◽  
M. E. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Skinned Fibres ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Organic Solute

Single muscle fibres from the giant barnacle, Balanus nubilis, were chemically skinned (2% Tween 20), then equilibrated for 40 h in salt solutions ranging in ionic strength from 0·025 to 0·6M at pH 7·0. The water content of the fibres and the net charge on the myofilaments increased with increasing salt concentration. Cation accumulation in the fibres was about equal to anion exclusion at all salt concentrations. When an organic solute (trimethylamine oxide, glycine, alanine, serine, proline, or glycerol) in the concentration range from 0·1 to 0·6 M was added to the salt solution, cation accumulation increased and water content decreased. Myofilament architecture was disrupted when the fibres were equilibrated in high salt (> 0·4 M) solutions and preserved when 0·5 M-triethylamine oxide was also added. The results are consistent with the view that organic solutes enhance the association between the fixed charge sites and their counterions. This hypothesis is examined quantitatively using the Oosawa relationship between the volume and the counterion association for cylindrical polyelectrolytes. The results illustrate that organic solutes can influence fibre volume in a way other than through osmo-regulation.

Intracellular osmoregulatory role of amino acids and urea in marine elasmobranchs

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Forster ◽  
L Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Raja Erinacea ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Intracellular Amino Acid ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Total Amino Acids ◽  
Positive Materials

Little skates, Raja erinacea, and stingrays, Dasyatis americana, were gradually transferred over a period of 4-5 days from full strength to approximatley 50% seawater. Plasma and muscle osmolarity fell. Hematocrits were essentially unchanged. Extracellular fluid volume (ECF) of muscle, estimated as the chloride space, increased 70% during this period. Regulation of muscle cell volume was associated with sharp declines in cellular concentrations of total amino acids (ninhydrin-positive materials) and urea. The osmoregulatory importance of the free amino acid pool in erythrocytes and muscle was a particularly prominent feature in both species. Intracellular amino acid concentration in R. erinacea muscle fell from 214 to 144 mmol/liter during transfer to 50% seawater, urea from 398 to 264, and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) dropped from 63.9 to 35.8 mmol/liter. TMAO plasma levels were similar in stingray and skate, but muscle TMAO concentrations were much higher in the former. Urea content in stingray plasma greatly exceeded that in R. erinacea-630 and 574 mmol/liter in two specimens-perhaps the highest recorded.

Role of phospholipids in the inhibitory action of DDT and permethrin on the nerve ATPases of lobster, homarus americanus

1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1483-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed M. Ghiasuddin ◽  
Saju Kawauchi ◽  
Fumio Matsumura ◽  
John D. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Homarus Americanus

Sex recognition and the role of urinary cues in the lobster,Homarus americanus

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Snyder ◽  
Christopher Ameyaw‐Akumfi ◽  
Ernest S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Sex Recognition

scholarly journals Selenium Nanoparticles as a Natural Antioxidant and Metabolic Regulator in Aquaculture: A Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. O. Dawood ◽  
Mohammed F. El Basuini ◽  
Sevdan Yilmaz ◽  
Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif ◽  
Zulhisyam Abdul Kari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Se Nanoparticles ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Original Plant ◽  
Cytokine Formation ◽  
Total Antioxidative Capacity

Balanced aquafeed is the key factor for enhancing the productivity of aquatic animals. In this context, aquatic animals require optimal amounts of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The original plant and animals’ ingredients in the basal diets are insufficient to provide aquafeed with suitable amounts of minerals. Concurrently, elements should be incorporated in aquafeed in optimal doses, which differ based on the basal diets’ species, age, size, and composition. Selenium is one of the essential trace elements involved in various metabolic, biological, and physiological functions. Se acts as a precursor for antioxidative enzyme synthesis leading to high total antioxidative capacity. Further, Se can enhance the immune response and the tolerance of aquatic animals to infectious diseases. Several metabolic mechanisms, such as thyroid hormone production, cytokine formation, fecundity, and DNA synthesis, require sufficient Se addition. The recent progress in the nanotechnology industry is also applied in the production of Se nanoparticles. Indeed, Se nanoparticles are elaborated as more soluble and bioavailable than the organic and non-organic forms. In aquaculture, multiple investigations have elaborated the role of Se nanoparticles on the performances and wellbeing of aquatic animals. In this review, the outputs of recent studies associated with the role of Se nanoparticles on aquatic animals’ performances were simplified and presented for more research and development.

scholarly journals A One Health Perspective to Recognize Fusarium and Neocosmospora as Important in Clinical Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeri Sáenz ◽  
Carlos Alvarez-Moreno ◽  
Patrice Le Pape ◽  
Silvia Restrepo ◽  
Josep Guarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
One Health ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Human Infections

A strategy to propose solutions to health-related problems recognizes that people, animals, and the environment are interconnected. Fusarium and Neocosmospora are an example of this interaction due to the capable of infecting plants, animals, and human. This review provides information on various aspects of these relations and proposes how to approach fusariosis with a One Health methodology. Here we give a framework to understand infection pathogenesis, through the epidemiological triad and explain how the broad utilization of fungicides in agriculture may play a role in the treatment of human fusariosis. We assess how plumbing systems and hospital environments might play a role as a reservoir for animal and human infections. We explain the role of antifungal resistance mechanism in both humans and agriculture. Our review emphasizes the importance of developing interdisciplinarity research studies where aquatic animals, plants, and human disease interactions can be explored through coordination and collaborative actions.

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