Alterations in Glycogen, Glucose and Lactate in Rainbow and Kamloops Trout, Salmo gairdneri, Following Muscular Activity

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar C. Black ◽  
Anne C. Robertson ◽  
Arthur R. Hanslip ◽  
Wing-Gay Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Lactate Levels

Rainbow trout [Formula: see text] years old (fall spawners) raised in the hatchery at Summerland, B.C., and 2-year-old mature spawning Kamloops trout (spring spawners) captured from Lake Okanagan, were subjected to 15 minutes strenuous exercise. Muscle glycogen was depleted in both groups. Following 30 minutes of moderate activity, muscle glycogen remained high in the [Formula: see text]-year-old trout. Liver glycogen levels were not significantly lowered during either strenuous or moderate exercise. Blood lactate levels were markedly elevated during 15 min of strenuous exercise and continued to rise for 2 hours of post-exercise recovery in both groups of fish. In the [Formula: see text]-year-old trout, blood lactate declined to resting levels at about the 8th hour of recovery, and was increased 3-fold following 30 min of moderate activity. Blood glucose and hemoglobin were not significantly altered during either strenuous or moderate activity.In the [Formula: see text]-year-old trout, starvation of up to 7 days duration resulted in a marked depletion of liver glycogen. There was little change in muscle glycogen, blood lactate, glucose or hemoglobin, regardless of whether or not the fish had been exercised at the beginning of the starvation period. Feeding during the period of recovery from 15 min of strenuous exercise resulted in increases in both muscle and liver glycogen levels.

Changes in Glycogen, Pyruvate and Lactate in Rainbow Trout Salmo gairdneri) During and Following Muscular Activity

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar C. Black ◽  
Anne Robertson Connor ◽  
Kwok-Cheung Lam ◽  
Wing-Gay Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Severe Exercise

Experiments upon muscular fatigue in [Formula: see text]-year-old rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were carried out at the trout hatchery at Summerland, British Columbia during the summers of 1958 and 1959. Observations were made on hemoglobin, water content of muscle and whole blood, muscle and liver glycogen, and pyruvate and lactate in muscle, blood and liver. Experimental conditions included 30 min moderate activity, 2–15 min severe exercise, and recovery up to 24 hr following 15 min severe exercise. The results for hemoglobin, muscle and liver glycogen and blood lactate were similar to those reported earlier. Muscle glycogen was depleted 50% or more in the first 2 min of severe activity. Correlated with this rapid depletion of glycogen was a sudden accumulation of muscle pyruvate and lactate. Pyruvate and lactate likewise increased in the blood. While the disappearance of both pyruvate and lactate from muscle began immediately upon cessation of activity, resting levels were not approached until the 8th hr of recovery. During recovery, the levels of pyruvate and lactate in the blood after severe exercise continued to increase for the first hour, remained elevated for at least 8 hr and did not return to the resting level until the 12th–24th hr. Muscle glycogen was not restored above half the resting level at the end of 24 hr. Interpretations of the data in relation to metabolism in rainbow trout are discussed.

Blood Lactate Levels in Free-Swimming Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Before and After Strenuous Exercise Resulting in Fatigue

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Driedzic ◽  
Joe W. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lactate Levels

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exercised to fatigue in a series of 60-min stepwise increasing velocity increments. There was no increase in blood lactate concentration, serially sampled during swimming by means of indwelling dorsal and ventral aortic catheters, at velocities as high as 93% of critical velocity of individuals. The data show that under these conditions the rate of production of lactate by white muscle, at less than critical velocities, is minimal or that the rate of elimination of lactate from white muscle is equal to its rate of utilization elsewhere. Immediately following fatigue blood lactate level increases rapidly. During the recovery period there appears to be a net uptake of lactate by the gills.

scholarly journals The Effect of Intermittent Exercise on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Don Stevens ◽  
Edgar C. Black
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Severe Exercise

The effect of intermittent severe exercise of short duration on carbohydrate metabolism was examined using unanesthetized, intact rainbow trout. The levels of muscle glycogen, muscle lactate, blood lactate, and liver glycogen were determined in fish sampled immediately after severe exercise of 3 sec to 5 min, after recovery of 3 min to 60 min, and after re-exercise of 3 sec to 5 min. It appears that rainbow trout are not well adapted to tolerate frequent exercise of short duration.

Muscle glycogen repletion during active postexercise recovery

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. E305-E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Peters Futre ◽  
T. D. Noakes ◽  
R. I. Raine ◽  
S. E. Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Glycogen Resynthesis ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
Glycogen Repletion ◽  
Lactate Levels

High-intensity intermittent bicycle exercise was used to deplete muscle glycogen levels by 70% and elevate blood lactate levels to greater than 13.0 mmol/l. Thereafter subjects either cycled with one leg for 45 min followed by 45 min of passive recovery (partially active recovery) or rested for 90 min (passive recovery). During the first 45 min of partially active recovery 1) blood lactate (P less than 0.05) and pH levels (P less than 0.05) returned more rapidly to preexercise values than during passive recovery, 2) the rate of net glycogen resynthesis (0.28 mumol . g-1 . min-1) was the same in both legs, and 3) muscle lactate levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the passive than in the active leg. Thereafter the rate of net muscle glycogen resynthesis was unchanged (0.26 mumol . g-1 . min-1) and lactate removal could theoretically account for only 18% of the glycogen resynthesized. Overall, the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis and muscle lactate removal was not different from that measured during passive recovery. After high-intensity exercise 1) glycogen repletion is not impeded by light exercise, and 2) blood glucose is an important substrate for glycogen resynthesis.

Effects of Acute Exposure to Bleached Kraft Pulpmill Effluent on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) During Rest and Exercise

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McLeay ◽  
D. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Glycogen Stores

In the static study (no exercise), liver glycogen stores were unchanged during 12-h exposure to 0.8 of the 96-h LC50; longer exposures caused a progressive decrease to levels one fifth those of controls at 72 h. Plasma glucose levels in fish held in 0.8 LC50 effluent for 3–96 h were elevated; at 96 h, glucose had increased threefold. Mean values for plasma lactate were elevated significantly at 3, 6, 24, 72, and 96 h.In the exercise (swimming one body length per second)–rest study, muscle glycogen levels decreased 53–78% during exercise in water or effluent (0.7 LC50) for 4–12 h, and did not recover during 12-h rest in water. Muscle glycogen for fish exercised for 12 h in effluent and then rested for 4 or 12 h in effluent was lower compared to values for fish exercised in effluent and then rested in water. There was no difference in liver glycogen levels offish exercised in effluent or water for 4–12 h. Values of liver glycogen for fish exercised in effluent for 12 h and then rested for 4, 8, or 12 h in effluent decreased 60–70% compared to fish exercised in water for 12 h and then rested in water and by 55–65% from fish exercised in effluent for 12 h and rested in water for 4–12 h. Plasma glucose levels were elevated one- to fourfold during exercise in water or effluent. Fish resting in water for 4, 8, or 12 h following exercise in water had relatively stable glucose levels; whereas for fish exercised and then rested in effluent the glucose levels increased twofold during resting. Plasma lactate levels were elevated five- to sixfold during exercise in water or effluent for 4–12 h, declining to values 1–2 times those of stock fish within 4-h rest. Plasma lactate levels for fish exercised in effluent and then rested in effluent or water were continually higher than those for fish exercised and rested in water.It was concluded that measurement of carbohydrate metabolites, particularly blood sugar levels, in unexercised fish could prove useful as a rapid method for measuring toxicity of pulpmill effluents and other pollutants.

Free Radical Scavenging Properties and Anti-Fatigue Activities of Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1538-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties

In this study, radical scavenging properties and anti-fatigue activities ofAngelica sinensispolysaccharides (ASP) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Forced swimming test of mice were carried out after 30 days of ASP administration (60, 120, 240 mg/kg·d), and the blood glucose, blood lactate, hemoglobin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were determined. The in vitro study showed that ASP had antioxidant activities, which exhibited scavenging effects on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and superoxide anions radicals. The in vitro study showed that ASP had anti-fatigue activities, which could extend the exhaustive swimming time, increase levels of blood glucose, hemoglobin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen activities, and decrease blood lactate levels of mice.

Changes in Glycogen and Lactate Levels in Migrating Salmonid Fishes Ascending Experimental "Endless" Fishways

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R. Connor ◽  
Carl H. Elling ◽  
Edgar C. Black ◽  
Gerald B. Collins ◽  
Joseph R. Gauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Muscle Lactate

Certain aspects of the performance and biochemistry of adult migrating salmonid fishes were investigated during ascents of 1:16- and 1:8-slope experimental fishways which employed locking devices permitting the simulation of fishways of any length. Fish tested were chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), sockeye salmon (O. nerka) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) diverted from their upstream migration on the Columbia river at the Bonneville dam fishways during the summer of 1959. Blood and muscle lactate, and muscle and liver glycogen levels were determined in control fish, and in fish following three types of activity. Records of individual performance were kept.All species were willing to enter and capable of ascending fishways of either slope up to 1000 ft in height under favourable hydraulic conditions. Blood lactate and muscle glycogen determinations revealed the degree of exercise to be moderate even during prolonged ascents. Moderately high ascents (about 100 ft) in the steeper fishway apparently required the expenditure of some muscle glycogen whereas similar ascents in the 1:16 fishway did not. When muscle glycogen was utilized during prolonged ascents the expenditure appeared to be progressive. All species were apparently able to adapt to prolonged ascents of either fishway. Certain fish of each species tended to stop moving of their own volition in both fishways. After a 60-min volitional stop some evidence of recovery from the effects of exercise was observed. Discussion of the above data is presented.

Glycogen and Lactic Acid Concentrations in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) in Relation to Exercise

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Muscle

In Atlantic cod, muscle glycogen was reduced by about 50% at moderate swimming speeds and over 80% at higher speeds. Muscle glycogen for a given swimming speed was generally lower after 30 min exercise than after 15 min exercise. During the 8-hr period after strenuous exercise, muscle glycogen increased but remained well below the level for unexercised fish.At moderate swimming speeds, fish exhibited comparatively small amounts of muscle and blood lactic acid. At higher swimming speeds, fish accumulated significantly larger quantities of lactic acid in the muscle and blood. During the recovery period after strenuous exercise, muscle and blood lactic acid increased precipitously. Muscle lactic acid remained high for 1 hr after exercise and then decreased in 8 hr to levels similar to those of unexercised cod. Blood lactic acid followed a similar pattern except that it continued to increase for 1.5 hr after exercise.Serial samples of blood taken before and after 30 min strenuous exercise showed marked differences in lactic acid among individuals. Blood lactic acid usually continued to increase for 30–60 min after exercise, and decreased to the level for unexercised fish about 24 hr after exercise.No mortalities attributable to muscular fatigue occurred among cod.

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