Some Morphological Differences Between the Subspecies of Cutthroat Trout, Salmo clarkii clarkii and Salmo clarkii lewisi, in British Columbia

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Spot Number ◽  
Coastal Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Coastal cutthroat trout, S. c. clarkii Richardson, occupy most lakes and streams of coastal British Columbia, including the adjacent islands. Yellowstone cutthroat, S. c. lewisi (Girard), occupy southeastern British Columbia; their range is separated from that of the coastal subspecies by a zone lacking cutthroat trout. A map showing all natural distribution records in the province is presented. From 60 to 146 specimens were examined for distinguishing characters. Spots below the lateral line are more numerous towards the anterior end in S. c. clarkii, but more numerous towards the posterior end in S. c. lewisi. A plot of spot number in selected areas of the body provides almost complete separation of individuals of the two subspecies. Significant differences also occur in certain scale counts and in body and peduncle depth, although these characters overlap considerably between the subspecies. No difference was found in vertebral count.

Variation in Body Morphology Among British Columbia Populations of Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2020-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Median Fins ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Ten populations of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, from streams tributary to the upper Fraser River, the lower Fraser River, and the Strait of Georgia region were morphologically compared. Juveniles from coastal streams (Fraser River below Hell's Gate and the Strait of Georgia) were more robust (deeper bodies and caudal peduncles, shorter heads, and larger median fins) than interior Juveniles. Discriminant function analysis indicated that juvenile coho could be identified as to river of origin with 71% accuracy. Juvenile coho from coastal streams were less successfully classified as to stream of origin; however, juveniles could be successfully identified as either coastal or interior with 93% accuracy. Juvenile coho from north coastal British Columbia, Alaska, and the upper Columbia system also fitted this coastal and interior grouping. This suggests that a coastwide coastal–interior dichotomy in juvenile body form exists. Three populations (one interior and two coastal) were studied in more detail. In these populations the coastal versus interior morphology was consistent over successive years, and was also displayed in individuals reared from eggs in the laboratory. Adult coho salmon also showed some of the coastal–interior morphological differences exhibited by juveniles. We concluded that the morphological differences between coastal and interior coho salmon are at least partially inherited.

Growth of Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) in Chef Creek, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Cutthroat trout were collected periodically from April 3 to September 20, 1968, by electrofishing and were preserved in formalin. Within a few days, each fish was measured and a sample of scales was taken for study. Scales first appeared on these cutthroat trout immediately above and below the lateral line on the anterior portion of the caudal peduncle. Scales were always selected from this area for study, mounted in glycerin–gelatin, and examined at a magnification of 127 diameters. Scales grow relatively more slowly as the fish increases in length, causing the body–scale relation to be curvilinear. Growth of the fish was determined both by calculating size-at-age data from the scales and by comparing mean lengths of age-groups collected at different times of the year.The growth of cutthroat trout from Chef Creek was slow; calculated mean fork lengths for the first three annuli were 50, 84, and 119 mm. Only a few fish of age-group IV were collected and these were considered to be nonanadromous individuals on the basis of scale examination and small size.

Large Woody Debris and Salmonid Habitat in a Small Coastal British Columbia Stream

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D. Fausch ◽  
Thomas G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Complex Habitat

Sections of a small coastal British Columbia stream that had previously been cleaned of large woody debris (LWD) were compared with sections where most debris was left and with others where debris had been relatively undisturbed for at least 40 yr. Three sections where debris had been removed had simple habitat that was less sinuous, wider, and shallower and had less pool volume and overhead cover than four sections with more complex habitat where debris was retained. Habitat in four relatively undisturbed sections was generally similar to complex sections. Most pools in all sections were scour or plunge pools formed by LWD or large roots oriented perpendicular to the flow or angled downstream. Standing crop (kolograms per hectare) and individual weights of age 1 + and older coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and cutthroat trout (O. clarki) were significantly greater (P < 0.02) in complex than in simple sections. Biomass of age 1 + and older salmonids was closely related to section pool volume (r2 = 0.92, P = 0.0006). Projections based on this model and average habitat conditions suggest that during 1990 a total of 8.0 kg of salmonid biomass, 5 times the current standing crop, was forgone in the 332-m simple reach due to prior debris removal.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

scholarly journals Evaluating Coexistence of Fish Species with Coastal Cutthroat Trout in Low Order Streams of Western Oregon and Washington, USA

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Martens ◽  
Jason Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Coastal Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Low Order

When multiple species of fish coexist there are a host of potential ways through which they may interact, yet there is often a strong focus on studies of single species without considering these interactions. For example, many studies of forestry–stream interactions in the Pacific Northwest have focused solely on the most prevalent species: Coastal cutthroat trout. To examine the potential for interactions of other fishes with coastal cutthroat trout, we conducted an analysis of 281 sites in low order streams located on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula and along the central Oregon coast. Coastal cutthroat trout and juvenile coho salmon were the most commonly found salmonid species within these streams and exhibited positive associations with each other for both presence and density. Steelhead were negatively associated with the presence of coastal cutthroat trout as well as with coho salmon and sculpins (Cottidae). Coastal cutthroat trout most frequently shared streams with juvenile coho salmon. For densities of these co-occurring species, associations between these two species were relatively weak compared to the strong influences of physical stream conditions (size and gradient), suggesting that physical conditions may have more of an influence on density than species interactions. Collectively, our analysis, along with a review of findings from prior field and laboratory studies, suggests that the net effect of interactions between coastal cutthroat trout and coho salmon do not appear to inhibit their presence or densities in small streams along the Pacific Northwest.

Influence of the time and rate of liquid-manure application on yield and nitrogen utilization of silage corn in south coastal British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
J. W. Paul ◽  
O. Schmidt ◽  
R. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Manure-N availability must be known in order to design application practices that maximize the nutrient value of the manure while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. This study determined the effect of time and rate of liquid manure application on silage corn yield and N utilization, and residual soil nitrate at harvest, in south coastal British Columbia. Liquid dairy or liquid hog manure was applied at target rates of 0, 175, 350 or 525 kg N ha−1, with or without addition of 100 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer, at two sites in each of 2 yr. Time of liquid-dairy-manure application was also tested at two sites in each of 2 yr with N-application treatments of: 600 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in spring; 600 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in fall; 300 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in each of spring and fall; 200 kg N ha−1 applied as inorganic fertilizer in spring; 300 kg N ha−1 as manure plus 100 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer applied in spring; and a control that received no applied N. Fall-applied manure did not increase corn yield or N uptake in the following growing season. At all sites, maximum yield was attained using manure only. Selection of proper spring application rates for manure and inorganic fertilizer were found to be equally important in minimizing residual soil nitrate at harvest. Apparent recovery of applied N in the crop ranged from 0 to 33% for manure and from 18 to 93% for inorganic fertilizer. Key words: N recovery, manure management

STRUCTURE, STRATIGRAPHY, AND PALEONTOLOGY OF AN UPPER TRIASSIC SECTION ON THE WEST COAST OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Carlisle ◽  
Takeo Susuki
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Pillow Lava ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Thermal Alteration ◽  
The West ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Sedimentary Unit

The highly deformed section at Open Bay is one of the few good exposures of a thick sedimentary unit within the prebatholithic rocks along coastal British Columbia. It provides new structural information relating to emplacement of a part of the Coast Range batholith and it contains an important Upper Triassic fauna unusually well represented. Structural and paleontological analyses are mutually supporting and are purposely combined in one paper.Thirteen ammonite genera from 14 localities clearly substantiate McLearn's tentative assignment to the Tropites subbullatus zone (Upper Karnian) and suggest a restriction to the T. dilleri subzone as defined in northern California.Contrary to an earlier view, the beds are lithologically similar across the whole bay except for variations in the intensity of deformation and thermal alteration. Their contact with slightly older relatively undeformed flows is apparently a zone of dislocation. Stratigraphic thicknesses cannot be measured with confidence, and subdivision into "Marble Bay Formation" and "Open Bay Group" cannot be accepted. Open Bay Formation is redefined to include all the folded marble and interbedded pillow lava at Open Bay. Lithologic and biostratigraphic correlation is suggested with the lower middle part of the Quatsino Formation on Iron River, 24 miles to the southwest. Basalt flows and pillowed volcanics west of Open Bay are correlated with the Texada Formation within the Karmutsen Group.The predominant folding is shown to precede, accompany, and follow intrusion of numerous andesitic pods and to precede emplacement of quartz diorite of the batholith. Structural asymmetry is shown to have originated through gentle cross-folding and emplacement of minor intrusives during deformation.

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