The Action of Pseudomonas on Fish Muscle: 2. Musty and Potato-like Odours

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
Maxine F. Greenough ◽  
Norma L. Jenkin
Keyword(s):  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Characteristic Odour

Bacteria producing musty and potato-like odours have been isolated from fillets of cod and haddock and identified as Pseudomonas perolens Turner. They are psychrophilic and are able to produce their characteristic odour on a wide range of substrates.

scholarly journals Blocking of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by a Fish Protein Coating

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 3551-3558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Munk Vejborg ◽  
Per Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Muscle Extract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inert Surfaces

ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilm formation on inert surfaces is a significant health and economic problem in a wide range of environmental, industrial, and medical areas. Bacterial adhesion is generally a prerequisite for this colonization process and, thus, represents an attractive target for the development of biofilm-preventive measures. We have previously found that the preconditioning of several different inert materials with an aqueous fish muscle extract, composed primarily of fish muscle α-tropomyosin, significantly discourages bacterial attachment and adhesion to these surfaces. Here, this proteinaceous coating is characterized with regards to its biofilm-reducing properties by using a range of urinary tract infectious isolates with various pathogenic and adhesive properties. The antiadhesive coating significantly reduced or delayed biofilm formation by all these isolates under every condition examined. The biofilm-reducing activity did, however, vary depending on the substratum physicochemical characteristics and the environmental conditions studied. These data illustrate the importance of protein conditioning layers with respect to bacterial biofilm formation and suggest that antiadhesive proteins may offer an attractive measure for reducing or delaying biofilm-associated infections.

210Po in Marine Organisms: A Wide Range of Natural Radiation Dose Domains

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mesopelagic Fish ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Chain Transfer

Abstract Marine biota is able to concentrate 210Po to high levels, as 103-105 relative to sea water concentration. 210Po concentrations in mixed zooplankton reaches 34-51 Bq.kg-1 (fresh wt), special groups such as copepods reaching even higher concentrations ~90 Bq.kg-1, whereas gelatinous zooplankton display ~1 Bq.kg-1. Epipelagic teleosts feeding on plankton displayed the highest concentrations found in fish muscle, 2-21 Bq.kg-1. Contrasting with this, demersal teleosts and elasmobranchs display lower 210Po concentrations, in the ranges 0.5-7 Bq.kg-1 and 0.2-1.7 Bq.kg-1, respectively. Much higher concentrations can, however, be measured in fish liver, gonad, bone and piloric caecca, and small mesopelagic fish can reach ~800 Bq.kg-1 on a whole-body basis. Due to these 210Po activity concentrations, dose equivalent rates delivered to biological tissues in marine organisms can vary widely, from 0.4 mSv.y-1 in gelatinous plankton up to 5.6 x 103 mSv.y-1 in the gut wall of sardines. It is concluded that in organisms living in the same ocean layer a wide range of internal radiation doses exist and it is essentially sustained by 210Po food-chain transfer.

Residues of Persistent Organochlorine Compounds in Selected Aquatic Ecosystems of Vojvodina (Yugoslavia)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Vojinović ◽  
S. T. Pavkov ◽  
D. D. Buzarov
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Aquatic Birds ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Resolution Gas Chromatography ◽  
Persistent Organochlorine Compounds

In this paper, the concentration of a wide range of persistent organochlo-rine compounds α, β,γ, hexachlorocyclohexane Ʃ-HCH, p,p 'DDE, o,p 'DDE, p,p 'DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the aquatic environments of the river Danube, Tisa, Lake Palić, and fish-pond Ečka are reported. The residues of organochlorine insecticides -OCI and PCBs in water, sediments, fish muscle and eggs of aquatic birds were analysed. These data show the serious contamination of selected aquatic ecosystems (Danube, Tisa, Lake Palić and fish-pond Ečka) of Vojvodina. Because of the concentration of these compounds at top levels, fish, eggs of aquatic birds and sediments are an excellent indicator for detecting trace organic compounds whose presence in water would be difficult to measure directly. The residues of OCI were determined by GC-ECD. Polychlorinated biphenyls -- PCB congeners were quantified by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC-ECD).

scholarly journals Scaling Effects on Muscle Function: Power Output of Isolated Fish Muscle Fibres Performing Oscillatory Work

1990 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. ALTRINGHAM ◽  
IAN A. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Length Changes

Bundles of 3–10 live fast fibres were isolated from the abdominal myotomes of cod (Gadus morhua L.) 13–67 cm in length. The preparations performed work under conditions simulating their activity during swimming: sinusoidal length changes were imposed about in situ fibre length, and the fibres were stimulated at a selected phase in each cycle. Strain amplitude, and the number and timing of stimuli were chosen to give maximum power output over a wide range of cycle/tailbeat frequencies. For each preparation power output was maximal at a particular frequency, although the peaks were rather broad. As the size of the fish increased the cycle frequency for maximum power output (fopt) decreased, from 12.5 Hz (13 cm fish) to 5 Hz (67 cm fish) (fopt= 1.67 L−0.52, where L is body length).

scholarly journals Ecological Risk Assessment of Metal Pollution along Greater Cairo Sector of the River Nile, Egypt, Using Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus, as Bioindicator

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael A. Omar ◽  
Wafai Z. A. Mikhail ◽  
Hanaa M. Abdo ◽  
Tarek A. Abou El Defan ◽  
Mamdouh M. Poraas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Greater Cairo

The present work aims to evaluate seasonal metal pollution along Greater Cairo sector of the River Nile, Egypt, using wild Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus, as bioindicator and to conduct a risk assessment for human consumers. Greater Cairo is the largest populated area along the whole course of River Nile with a wide range of anthropogenic activities. Effects of metal pollution on fish body indices were studied using condition factor (CF) and scaled mass index (SMI). Metal pollution index (MPI) showed that the total metal load in fish organs followed the follwoing order: kidney > liver > gill > muscle which gives a better idea about the target organs for metal accumulation. Metal concentrations in fish muscle (edible tissue) showed the following arrangement: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cd. Metal’s bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in fish muscle showed the following arrangement: Zn > Cu > Fe > Mn > Cd and Pb. The hazard index (HI) as an indicator of human health risks associated with fish consumption showed that adverse health effects are not expected to occur in most cases. However, the metals’ cumulative risk effects gave an alarming sign specifically at high fish consumption rates.

scholarly journals Effect of citrate on the activities of 6-phosphofructokinase from nervous and muscle tissues from different animals and its relationships to the regulation of glycolysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Newsholme ◽  
P H Sugden ◽  
T Williams
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Game Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

1. Citrate inhibits the activities of phosphofructokinase from muscles and nervous tissues from different animals across the Animal Kingdom except for the insects. The enzymes from the flight muscle of nine different insects and the cerebral ganglion of the locust were investigated: no inhibition by citrate was observed. Inhibition was observed with the enzymes from both aerobic (e.g. pectoral muscle of pigeon) and anaerobic (e.g. fish muscle, pectoral muscle of the game birds) muscles. It is suggested that this inhibition is of physiological importance in decreasing the rate of glucose utilization in skeletal muscle of animals during starvation and/or prolonged exercise. 2. The rates of glucose utilization by the sartorius and gastrocnemius muscles of the frog were markedly decreased by ketone bodies. The latter elevated the glucose 6-phosphate and citrate contents of the gastrocnemius muscle, indicating that citrate inhibition of phosphofructokinase could be, in part, responsible for the decreased rate of glycolysis. 3. These findings provide evidence that the concept of the glucose-fatty acid-ketone-body cycle involves both aerobic and anaerobic skeletal muscle and nervous tissue from a wide range of animals except the insects. In the latter the concept of the cycle may not be applicable.

Recent Applications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy to Crystalline Arrays of Virus Particles

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The technique of surrounding virus particles with a neutralised electron dense stain was described at the Fourth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Berlin 1958 (see Home & Brenner, 1960, p. 625). For many years the negative staining technique in one form or another, has been applied to a wide range of biological materials. However, the full potential of the method has only recently been explored following the development and applications of optical diffraction and computer image analytical techniques to electron micrographs (cf. De Hosier & Klug, 1968; Markham 1968; Crowther et al., 1970; Home & Markham, 1973; Klug & Berger, 1974; Crowther & Klug, 1975). These image processing procedures have allowed a more precise and quantitative approach to be made concerning the interpretation, measurement and reconstruction of repeating features in certain biological systems.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

Observation of Atom Rows in Thorium Pyromellitate Using a Field Emission STEM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
H. Todokoro ◽  
S. Nomura ◽  
T. Komoda
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Film ◽  
Atomic Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Chain

It is interesting to observe polymers at atomic size resolution. Some works have been reported for thorium pyromellitate by using a STEM (1), or a CTEM (2,3). The results showed that this polymer forms a chain in which thorium atoms are arranged. However, the distance between adjacent thorium atoms varies over a wide range (0.4-1.3nm) according to the different authors.The present authors have also observed thorium pyromellitate specimens by means of a field emission STEM, described in reference 4. The specimen was prepared by placing a drop of thorium pyromellitate in 10-3 CH3OH solution onto an amorphous carbon film about 2nm thick. The dark field image is shown in Fig. 1A. Thorium atoms are clearly observed as regular atom rows having a spacing of 0.85nm. This lattice gradually deteriorated by successive observations. The image changed to granular structures, as shown in Fig. 1B, which was taken after four scanning frames.

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