Permanence and Size of Home Territory in Stream-Dwelling Cutthroat Trout

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
First Year ◽  
Made In ◽  
Home Territory

Gorge Creek is a small cutthroat trout stream in Alberta on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. In the summer of 1954, 98 trout were tagged with Petersen tags, weighed and returned to the pool of capture. In the same summer and in the next two, 58 of these trout were recaptured, some several times, so that, altogether, 83 records were obtained. Twenty-three records are of the first year, 35 from the second and 25 from the third.Sixty-seven per cent of the recaptures were made in the original pool or less than 200 yards from it. Of the remaining 33%, one fish had moved 1.5 miles upstream and remained there. The others had all drifted downstream. The drifters were smaller fish than those that stayed home, and they either lost weight or gained at rates considerably below normal. It is suggested these fish had been injured by the tags. The general conclusion is that each cutthroat trout of Gorge Creek has a home territory not over twenty yards long and that the whole life is spent in it.

Movements of Cutthroat Trout after Different Periods of Retention Upstream and Downstream from their Homes

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Homing Experiment ◽  
Home Territory

A homing experiment of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) was carried out in Gorge Creek, a small trout stream more or less typical of the streams of the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta. A half-mile portion of the stream was screened off and, into the enclosure thus formed, 105 trout were transferred from above and 104 from below. Each of these was given a numbered tag and the home locality was recorded. The transfers were made from June 24 to August 13. On August 15 the screens were removed; from September 3 to 5 most of the experimental area was poisoned with Fish Tox and the localities of tagged fish recorded. It was found that most of the trout that had been confined for 30 or more days remained in the enclosure area, i.e., they had adjusted to new homes. The exceptions appear to be the result of random movements. Trout of upstream origin, confined for less than 30 days, move toward their original home territory. Trout of downstream origin, confined for less than 30 days, show very much less ability to move toward or to find their homes. The hypothesis is put forward that trout are guided by smell in finding home.A few observations on size of home territory suggest that it is small, perhaps not more than 20 yards of stream. Trout may inhabit the same area of stream for at least three years.

Wing lengths of Clamorous Reed Warblers Acrocephalus stentoreus in Israel

Ring ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
John Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Wing Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Reed Warbler ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Acrocephalus Scirpaceus ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
A Site ◽  
Made In ◽  
New Discovery

Wing lengths of Clamorous Reed Warblers Acrocephalus stentoreus in Israel Wing length measurements taken from first-year, pre- and post-moulting (annual, complete) Clamorous Reed Warblers were recorded at a site in northern Israel. The resulting data set was examined using a time-series of residuals (CUSUM). Results from this analysis can explain the reported heterogeneity found in a comparable data set by Merom et al. (1999). Further observations made in their paper are rebutted: (1) an implied assumption that Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) spring migration in Israel ends by 1 May is contrary to other publications; (2) the late autumn occurence in N Israel of longer-winged 1st cal. yr. Reed Warblers, unconvincingly explained as either delayed migration by larger individuals or post fledging feather growth, is most likely due to birds from different provenances origins moving at different seasons; (3) growth during adulthood in Reed Warbler is not a new discovery, though presented as such.

Coronary Care in a General Hospital

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shaw ◽  
Bernard Groden ◽  
Evelyn Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coronary Care ◽  
Made In

The establishment, staffing and structure and observations made in the first year of the existence of coronary care in an intensive care unit in a general hospital are recorded. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were admitted during the year in whom the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed. There were 29 deaths in the unit and 14 deaths occurred in the wards of the hospital after discharge from the unit. 49.1 per cent of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms and the mean duration of stay in the unit was 86.5 hours. The type of arrhythmia detected in the unit, and the treatment given to the patients both before and after admission to the intensive care unit are described.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF LATE SPRING-EARLY SUMMER PASTURE SURPLUSES IN HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
R.W. Webby ◽  
W.J. Pengelly
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Animal Performances ◽  
Grazing Policy ◽  
Made In

Comparisons of controlling late spring to early summer pasture growth on either easy or steep contoured land with either a fast rotation or continuous grazing policy were made in self-contained farmlets for two years. Pasture control was maintained over more land by controlling steep land first and with continuous grazing. Animal performances (ewes, steers) were generally similar for the mid-November to early January treatment period, and subsequently until May shearing. In the first year better animal performances occurred in "steep control" farmlets during winter and early spring, but this was less evident in the second year. Priority control of steep land during late spring-early summer is recommended because of likely longer-term benefits in pasture composition,density and production. Quick rotation grazing through the period provides a better ability to recognise and manage pasture quantities and should be adopted if summer droughts are anticipated. For well fenced properties in summer-wet areas and with integrated stock grazing, continuous grazing during late spring-early summer may be equally suitable. Keywords: hill country, grazing management, pasture control

scholarly journals Productivity of wheat grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Vesselin Dochev ◽  
◽  
Atanas Atanassov ◽  
Krasimira Uzunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Difference ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Common Variety ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Made In

The production of clean, healthy and high quality agricultural products is becoming increasingly important. In modern wheat agriculture, research with biological and biodynamic preparations is increasingly presented. With the common variety of winter wheat Venka 1, a study was conducted in the period 2019 - 2020 on carbonate, chernozem soil type, in the experimental field of Agricultural Institute Shumen. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with the size of the experimental plot 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts / m2 after the predecessor sugar flower. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control – untreated variant; 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: Preparation 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501; 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N; 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. After the readings of the biometric indicators and the statistical analysis for the first year of the study, a proven positive difference was found in the variant treated with biological preparations on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. In the second year, a proven positive difference was obtained in the variants treated with biological and biodynamic preparations and in their combination on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. A difference in the number of spikelets per spike was substantially demonstrated only in the variant treated with biological preparations in the second year of the study. For a proven positive effect in the variant treated with biodynamic preparations, technological time is needed in order to show the real effect of their action on the yield in wheat.

Studies on the storage of potatoes II. The temperature conditions inside potato clamps

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Crook ◽  
D. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Continuous records of the temperature of potatoes stored in clamps were made in 1942–3 (one clamp) and in 1943–4 (three clamps). In the first year, the temperatures at various positions in the clamp coverings were also recorded.The temperature at the middle of the potato heap showed a drift with time similar to that of mean air temperature. Deviations of mean air temperature from smooth trend, lasting for about a week, had no effect on the temperature of the potatoes; longerperiod deviations were reflected in the temperature of the potatoes after a lag of about a week. The difference in weekly mean temperature between potatoes and external air averaged about 1–5° C. in 1943–4. In 1942–3 it was greater, increasing to over 20° C. in April, because bacterial rotting of the potatoes following blight infection increased the rate of heat production and caused the clamp to collapse at the end of April.

My Experience in the First Female Psychiatric Intensive care unit in NHS in UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
K. Gintalaite
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
List Type ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Client Group ◽  
Rapid Tranquilisation ◽  
Therapeutic Model ◽  
Made In

Introduction:A new PICU for women was opened in January 2007, and was the first Unit of its kind in the NHS. It provides an inpatient care for women detained under Mental Health Act 1983 with serious mental illness. The main group of service users comprises women with borderline personality disorder. Median length of stay is 6-12 weeks.The team is multidisciplinary and works closely to ensure that effective gender sensitive care is delivered. As a very new team we experienced powerful internal dynamics for the first year. Lots of support groups, supervisions and psycho educational activities are provided for our staff members by different experts.The therapeutic model is in the process of development and is based on mentalisation theory. An audit on “Care after Intramuscular Rapid Tranquilization” was undertaken on the ward.Objective:To present a very new service for women including powerful dynamics within the team, a model of care provided for our client group and audit results.Method:Descriptive.Conclusions:1.It illustrates the powerful feelings of the staff during treatment of female service users (the results of analysis of the questionnaire will be provided) within PICU and the way we managed to deal effectively with it.2.It clarifies the amount of resources demanded for treatment of this client group.3.Audit results reveal the progress made in care after service users are given rapid tranquilisation in 06-08/2007-2008.4.It illustrates that the process of agreeing a model of care, as well as the model itself, in a PICU setting is very useful activity.

Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarkii ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Green Lineage

<em>Abstract</em>.—One objective of systematics is to recognize species in a manner that minimizes the disparity between species as real entities in nature and species as a Linnaean category. Reconciliation requires a conceptualization of species consistent with evolutionary processes that yields predictive delimitation criteria. Here we review the unified species concept (USC) and its associated delimitation criteria as a prelude to revising the taxonomy of Cutthroat Trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii</em>. Additionally, in the context of the conceptualizing species as a separately evolving metapopulation, we briefly review how climate change may have influenced the connectivity and isolation of Cutthroat Trout within and among river basins, with a focus mainly on the Cutthroat Trout of the Southern Rocky Mountains. We summarize evidence based on delimitation criteria that distinguishes Rainbow Trout <em>O. mykiss</em> and Cutthroat Trout, Gila Trout<em> O. gilae </em>and Rainbow Trout, and blue lineage and green lineage Cutthroat Trout from the Southern Rocky Mountains. We advocate adopting the USC as a guide for taxonomic revision of Cutthroat Trout, recommend eliminating subspecies as a valid taxonomic designation, and expect—based on our evaluation of three pairs of species—that the taxonomy of Cutthroat Trout will be revised in ways that elevate some recognized subspecies to species status.

Treatment options for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a mother's perspective

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Palliative Surgery ◽  
First Year ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
Left Heart Syndrome ◽  
Made In

The congenital heart defect of HLHS is nearly uniformly fatal without intervention. As surgeons gain experience with the techniques the success rates are improving; more infants with HLHS are being offered hope for survival and quality of life. The critical nature of this diagnosis, the relatively new treatment options, and uncertainty of the surgical outcome impose tremendous stress on the parents. Choice of treatment is difficult and should be made in collaboration with the attending physician. Although the first year of my son's life was difficult, the past 5 years have been wonderful. He continues to thrive and enjoy most of the activities other 6-year-olds enjoy. In retrospect, palliative surgery was a good option for him. As both his mother and a cardiac nurse, I recognize that he may once again require surgical intervention, but I am encouraged that medical and surgical advances are being made for children with HLHS.

EJ200: The Engine for the New European Fighter Aircraft

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lane ◽  
J. Behenna
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
International Collaborative ◽  
Made In

This paper describes the concept and design of the EJ200 engine to meet the air staff targets for the European Fighter Aircraft. The international collaborative arrangements to support the programme are shown and the lessons learnt from previous collaboration illustrated. The excellent progress made in the programme during the first year since the signing of the development contract is described to illustrate confidence in the ability to meet the design targets within the programme timescales.

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