Possible Effects of Water Diversions on Fish Distribution in British Columbia

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Water Diversions ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Slope

The known distributions of freshwater fishes in drainages of the British Columbia mainland are summarized, including those of five species not previously recorded from the province. The continental divide forms a break in fish distribution; 35 of the 57 species on the Pacific slope in B.C. do not occur in the Mackenzie or Yukon River drainages of the province, and 11 of the 33 species in the latter area occur nowhere on the Pacific slope. Some proposed water diversions for hydroelectric development would cross the continental divide, and are likely to produce striking changes in fish distribution. A proposed Liard-Stikine diversion would probably introduce several species, including trout, into the upper Liard River, and several other species, including northern pike (Esox lucius) into the Stikine River. A proposed Peace-Fraser diversion would introduce into the Fraser River arctic grayling, and possibly several other species including northern pike. Other proposed diversions are discussed, and their probable affects on fish distribution are listed. Any diversion introducing pike into waters supporting Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) is liable to be economically harmful, as pike are voracious fish-eaters. Pike are also vectors of Triaenophorus tape-worm, which has been found in Alaska to encyst in the flesh of Pacific salmon in a watershed inhabited by pike.

The milliped family Nearctodesmidae in northwestern North America, with accounts of Sakophallus and S. simplex Chamberlin (Polydesmida)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland M. Shelley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Clark County ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Allopatric Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Lewis And Clark ◽  
Northwestern North America

In northwestern North America, the milliped family Nearctodesmidae is comprised of four genera, Nearctodesmus Silvestri, Kepolydesmus Chamberlin, Ergodesmus Chamberlin, and Bistolodesmus, new genus, and six species, N. insulans (Chamberlin), N. cerasinus (Wood), N. salix Chamberlin, K. anderisus Chamberlin, E. compactus Chamberlin, and B. bonikus (Chamberlin). These species occur along the Pacific coast from San Francisco Bay to Prince Rupert, British Columbia, including all offshore island groups, with an eastward extension into Lewis and Clark County, Montana, east of the Continental Divide. An allopatric population of N. insulanus occurs in the Shuswap Highlands of British Columbia, and an allopatric species, E. remingtoni (Hoffman), inhabits caves in western and southern Illinois. The principal taxonomic characters are the number of secondary projections from the gonopodal telopodite, the configuration of the longer of these, and the length and configuration of the distal zone of the acropodite. Polydesmus bonikus is a nearctodesmid and is assigned to the new genus, Bistolodesmus. The following new synonymies are proposed: Jaliscodesmus Hoffman under Sakophallus Chamberlin; J. alticola Hoffman under S. simplex Chamberlin; N. brunnior, N. campicolens, and N. malkini, all by Chamberlin, under N. cerasinus; N. amissus, N. pseustes, N. renigens, N. carli, and N. boydi, all by Chamberlin, and N. olympus and N. cochlearius, both by Causey, under N. insulanus; K. mimus, K. hesperus, and K. pungo, all by Chamberlin, under K. anderisus; and Ectopodesmus cristatus and E. c. dentatus, both by Loomis and Schmitt, under Ergodesmus compactus. Modern diagnoses and illustrations are presented for the family and all northwestern taxa, along with keys to the genera and species of Nearctodesmus. Accounts and gonopod drawings are also presented of Sakophallus and S. simplex Chamberlin in Michoacan and Jalisco, Mexico.

scholarly journals Genome assembly, transcriptome and SNP database for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B Rondeau ◽  
Kris A. Christensen ◽  
Dionne Sakhrani ◽  
Carlo A Biagi ◽  
Mike Wetklo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Pacific

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is the species with the widest geographic range of the anadromous Pacific salmonids,. Chum salmon is the second largest of the Pacific salmon, behind Chinook salmon, and considered the most plentiful Pacific salmon by overall biomass. This species is of significant commercial and economic importance: on average the commercial chum salmon fishery has the second highest processed value of the Pacific salmon within British Columbia. The aim of this work was to establish genomic baseline resources for this species. Our first step to accomplish this goal was to generate a chum salmon reference genome assembly from a doubled-haploid chum salmon. Gene annotation of this genome was facilitated by an extensive RNA-seq database we were able to create from multiple tissues. Range-wide resequencing of chum salmon genomes allowed us to categorize genome-wide geographic variation, which in turn reinforced the idea that genetic differentiation was best described on a regional, rather than at a stock-specific, level. Within British Columbia, chum salmon regional groupings were described at the conservation unit (CU) level, and there may be substructure within particular CUs. Genome wide associations of phenotypic sex to SNP genetic markers identified two clear peaks, a very strong peak on Linkage Group 15, and another on Linkage Group 3. With these new resources, we were better able to characterize the sex-determining region and gain further insights into sex determination in chum salmon and the general biology of this species.

New Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) from the east coast of Vancouver Island

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tynen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Slope

The following new species of littoral enchytraeid are described from the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia—Enchytraeus cryptosetosus, Lumbricillus mirabilis, L. vancouverensis, L. georgiensis, L. qualicumensis, L. belli. These descriptions bring the number of North American Enchytraeus spp. to 6 and that of Lumbricillus spp. to 13. Existing evidence suggests that the enchytraeid fauna of the Pacific slope is quite distinct from that of the rest of North America and may have closer affinities with that of the northwest Pacific.

Distribution and Taxonomy of Fishes in the Mackenzie Drainage of British Columbia

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Postglacial Expansion ◽  
Catostomus Macrocheilus ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus ◽  
Couesius Plumbeus

New and previously published records are listed for 28 species of freshwater fishes in tributaries of the Mackenzie River in northern British Columbia. Distribution patterns are discussed for all species reaching the continental divide at the Peace River headwaters; some are restricted to one or other side, but 17 species are common to the Peace and Fraser Rivers, suggesting that mountain ranges have served as a check but not an insurmountable obstacle to postglacial expansion. Five species indigenous to the Pacific slope—Catostomus macrocheilus, Richardsonius balteatus, Ptychocheilus oregonense, Mylocheilus caurinum, and Cottus asper—have evidently penetrated to the Peace River in comparatively recent times. Three species—the flathead chub Platygobio gracilis, the trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus, and the spoon-head sculpin Cottus ricei—have not previously been recorded from the province. Evidence is presented that subspecific distinctions are invalid in Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz) and Lota lota (Linnaeus). Coregonus coulieri and Hybognathus hankinsoni are reported for the first time from the Mackenzie drainage.

THE CESTODA OF CANADIAN FISHES: I. THE PACIFIC COAST REGION

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT ARNOLD WARDLE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Common ◽  
Leptocottus Armatus ◽  
Coast Region

The results are given of a survey of the cestode fauna of 1,500 fishes representing 26 species common in the straits of Georgia, British Columbia. The survey yielded only five species of adult and four species of larval cestodes. No cestodes were found in members of the Pleuronectidae and Embiotocidae and—with one exception—the Scorpaenidae, and the rate of infection in other families was singularly low.The cestodarian species in Hydrolagus colliei is regarded as identical with the Atlantic Gyrocotyle urna Gr. et Wag. The common cestode of the Pacific salmon is regarded as Eubothrium oncorhynchi n. sp., closely allied with the European Eubothrium crassum Bloch. Bothriocephalus scorpii Müll. occurred in Leptocottus armatus and Hexagrammos decagrammus, Bothriocephalus occidentalis Linton in Leptocottus armatus and Sebastodes maliger, and Gilquinia tetrabothrius v. Ben. in Squalus sucklii; a redescription is given of the two latter species. The larval forms recorded were two species of Diphyllobothrium in Oncorhynchus, a species of Nybelinia in Ophiodon elongatus, and a species of Phyllobothrium in Oncorhynchus.

Restructuring Canadian Business History: A Review EssayNORTH AMERICAN PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CONTINENTAL CONTEXT. W.T. Easter-brook. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xxviii, 272 pp.THE CANADIAN FUR TRADE IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE. Arthur J. Ray. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xviii, 283 pp.TIMOTHY EATON AND THE RISE OF HIS DEPARTMENT STORE. Joy L. Santink. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xii, 319 pp.WORKING IN STEEL: THE EARLY YEARS IN CANADA, 1883-1935. Craig Heron. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1988. 223 pp.THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACIFIC SALMON CANNING INDUSTRY: A GROWN MANS GAME. Ed. and Intro. Dianne Newell. Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1989. xvii, 303 pp.THE COMMERCIAL FISHERY OF THE CANADIAN GREAT LAKES. A.B. McCullough. Ottawa: Environment Canada/ Canadian Parks Service, 1989. 153 pp.IN WHOSE INTEREST? QUEBEC’S CAISSES POPULAIRES 1900 1945. Ronald Rudin. Montreal/Kingston:McGilTQueen’s University Press, 1990. xvii, 185 pp.CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND CANADIAN SOCIETY: POPULAR INSTITUTIONS AND THE DILEMMAS OF CHANGE. Ed. Murray E. Fulton. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xiv, 345 pp.

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Graham D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Business History ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Environment Canada ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Canning Industry

Experiments on Oral Secretion of the Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Oral Secretion ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tick Paralysis ◽  
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

Tick paralysis continues to be one of the most baffling and fascinating tickborne diseases in Canada. It was first reported in this country by Todd in 1912. Since then about 250 human cases, including 28 deaths, have been recorded from British Columbia. Outbreaks in cattle have affected up to 400 animals at a time, with losses in a herd as high as 65 head. Although the disease is most common in the Pacific northwest, where it is caused by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, it has lately been reported as far south as Florida and has been produced by Dermacentor variabilis Say, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, and A. americanum (L.) (Gregson, 1953). The symptoms include a gradual ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis. Apparently only man, sheep, cattle, dogs, and buffalo (one known instance) are susceptible, but even these may not necessarily be paralysed.

scholarly journals Physiological resilience of pink salmon to naturally occurring ocean acidification

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Y Frommel ◽  
Justin Carless ◽  
Brian P V Hunt ◽  
Colin J Brauner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
The North ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Co2 Levels

Abstract Pacific salmon stocks are in decline with climate change named as a contributing factor. The North Pacific coast of British Columbia is characterized by strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity in ocean conditions with upwelling events elevating CO2 levels up to 10-fold those of pre-industrial global averages. Early life stages of pink salmon have been shown to be affected by these CO2 levels, and juveniles naturally migrate through regions of high CO2 during the energetically costly phase of smoltification. To investigate the physiological response of out-migrating wild juvenile pink salmon to these naturally occurring elevated CO2 levels, we captured fish in Georgia Strait, British Columbia and transported them to a marine lab (Hakai Institute, Quadra Island) where fish were exposed to one of three CO2 levels (850, 1500 and 2000 μatm CO2) for 2 weeks. At ½, 1 and 2 weeks of exposure, we measured their weight and length to calculate condition factor (Fulton’s K), as well as haematocrit and plasma [Cl−]. At each of these times, two additional stressors were imposed (hypoxia and temperature) to provide further insight into their physiological condition. Juvenile pink salmon were largely robust to elevated CO2 concentrations up to 2000 μatm CO2, with no mortality or change in condition factor over the 2-week exposure duration. After 1 week of exposure, temperature and hypoxia tolerance were significantly reduced in high CO2, an effect that did not persist to 2 weeks of exposure. Haematocrit was increased by 20% after 2 weeks in the CO2 treatments relative to the initial measurements, while plasma [Cl−] was not significantly different. Taken together, these data indicate that juvenile pink salmon are quite resilient to naturally occurring high CO2 levels during their ocean outmigration.

scholarly journals Conservation Evaluation of the Pacific Population of Dwarf Woollyheads, Psilocarphus brevissimus var. brevissimus, in Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
George W. Douglas ◽  
Jenifer L. Penny ◽  
Ksenia Barton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Pacific Population ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Recreational Vehicles ◽  
Forest Openings ◽  
Conservation Evaluation

In Canada, Dwarf Woolly-heads, Psilocarphus brevissimus var. brevissimus, is restricted to the Similkameen River valley, south of Princeton in southwestern British Columbia and the extreme southeast and southwest corners of Alberta and Saskatchewan, respectively. This paper deals with the three British Columbia populations which represent the northwestern limit of the species which ranges from south-central British Columbia, southward in the western United States to Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, California and Baja California, Mexico. In British Columbia, P. brevissimus is associated with calcareous vernal pools and ephemeral pond edges in large forest openings. This habitat is rare in the area the few existing populations could easily be extirpated or degraded through slight changes in groundwater levels, coalbed methane gas drilling, housing development or recreational vehicles.

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