The Use of Catch-Effort and Tagging Data in Estimating a Flatfish Population

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 459-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Ketchen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Type Estimate ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Average Population ◽  
High Production ◽  
The One ◽  
Parophrys Vetulus

By a modification of the DeLury method an estimate is made of the stock of lemon sole (Parophrys vetulus) on the fishing grounds in Hecate Strait, British Columbia. The method is based on (1) the trend in catch of tagged fish per unit of effort in relation to accumulated catch of tagged fish, and (2) the trend in catch of untagged fish per unit of effort in relation to accumulated catch of untagged fish. At the start of the experiment 4.72 million pounds are estimated to have been present, while during the experiment 3.74 million pounds entered the area of fishing, 3.26 million pounds emigrated from it, and 2.54 million pounds were caught.A Petersen-type estimate based on the ratio of tagged to untagged fish was 4.70 million pounds present at the start of the experiment—practically identical with the one derived from catch-effort information. Total population for the year (1950) is estimated as 9.8–12.2 million pounds, including catch and possible emigration prior to the experiment, the stock on the fishing grounds at the start of the experiment, and the immigration subsequently.The average annual survival rate of age VII – age IX lemon soles in Hecate Strait has decreased from 0.770 to 0.614 during the period of growth of the fishery, 1944–1951. From this difference the average rate of exploitation is estimated as 16 to 20 per cent and the average population as 8.9 to 11.5 million pounds. Since this range is nearly the same as the range described above, it is concluded that almost the whole of the Hecate Strait stock was accessible to fishing in 1950, which was a year of unusually high production.

scholarly journals Demographic rates of northern royal albatross at Taiaroa Head, New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Richard ◽  
Lyndon Perriman ◽  
Chris Lalas ◽  
Edward R. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Total Population Size ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Age At First Breeding ◽  
The Mean

Demographic rates, such as annual survival rate, are generally difficult to estimate for long-lived seabirds, because of the length of time required for this kind of study and the remoteness of colonies. However, a small colony of northern royal albatross (Diomedea sanfordi) established itself on the mainland of New Zealand at Taiaroa Head, making possible regular banding and monitoring of its individuals since the first chick fledged, in 1938. Data on the presence/absence of birds, as well as on breeding outcomes, were available for the period from 1989–90 to 2011–12, and included 2128 annual resightings of 355 banded individuals of known age. The main goal of the present study was to estimate the annual survival rate of juveniles, pre-breeders, and adults at Taiaroa Head. These rates were estimated simultaneously in a single Bayesian multi-state capture-recapture model. Several models were fitted to the data, with different levels of complexity. From the most parsimonious model, the overall annual adult survival rate was estimated as 0.950 (95% c.i.: 0.941–0.959). In this model, adult survival declined with age, from 0.976 (95% c.i.: 0.963–0.988) at 6 years, the minimum age at first breeding, to 0.915 (95% c.i.: 0.879–0.946) at 40 years. Mean annual survival of pre-breeders was 0.966 (95% c.i.: 0.950–0.980), and 0.933 (95% c.i.: 0.908–0.966) for juveniles. There was no discernible difference in survival between males and females, and there was no apparent trend in survival over time. Estimates of other demographic rates were also obtained during the estimation process. The mean age at first return of juveniles to the colony was estimated as 4.8 years (95% c.i.: 4.6–5.1), and the mean age at first breeding as 8.9 years (95% c.i.: 8.5–9.3). Because all the birds of the colony were banded, it was possible to estimate the total population size. The number of northern royal albatross present annually at the Taiaroa Head colony has doubled since 1989–90, and the current total population size was estimated to be over 200 individuals. The ratio of the total population size to the number of annual breeding pairs varied from 5 to 12 among years, with an overall mean of 7.65 (95% c.i.: 7.56–7.78), and this high variability highlights the need for a sufficient number of surveys of seabird breeding populations before reliable conclusions on population trends can be made. Although long-term data allowed estimates of demographic rates of northern royal albatross at Taiaroa Head, the location of the colony and the ongoing management by staff mean that the population dynamics may differ from those of the main population on the Chatham Islands.

scholarly journals Demographic rates of northern royal albatross at Taiaroa Head, New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Richard ◽  
Lyndon Perriman ◽  
Chris Lalas ◽  
Edward R. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Total Population Size ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Age At First Breeding ◽  
The Mean

Demographic rates, such as annual survival rate, are generally difficult to estimate for long-lived seabirds, because of the length of time required for this kind of study and the remoteness of colonies. However, a small colony of northern royal albatross (Diomedea sanfordi) established itself on the mainland of New Zealand at Taiaroa Head, making possible regular banding and monitoring of its individuals since the first chick fledged, in 1938. Data on the presence/absence of birds, as well as on breeding outcomes, were available for the period from 1989–90 to 2011–12, and included 2128 annual resightings of 355 banded individuals of known age. The main goal of the present study was to estimate the annual survival rate of juveniles, pre-breeders, and adults at Taiaroa Head. These rates were estimated simultaneously in a single Bayesian multi-state capture-recapture model. Several models were fitted to the data, with different levels of complexity. From the most parsimonious model, the overall annual adult survival rate was estimated as 0.950 (95% c.i.: 0.941–0.959). In this model, adult survival declined with age, from 0.976 (95% c.i.: 0.963–0.988) at 6 years, the minimum age at first breeding, to 0.915 (95% c.i.: 0.879–0.946) at 40 years. Mean annual survival of pre-breeders was 0.966 (95% c.i.: 0.950–0.980), and 0.933 (95% c.i.: 0.908–0.966) for juveniles. There was no discernible difference in survival between males and females, and there was no apparent trend in survival over time. Estimates of other demographic rates were also obtained during the estimation process. The mean age at first return of juveniles to the colony was estimated as 4.8 years (95% c.i.: 4.6–5.1), and the mean age at first breeding as 8.9 years (95% c.i.: 8.5–9.3). Because all the birds of the colony were banded, it was possible to estimate the total population size. The number of northern royal albatross present annually at the Taiaroa Head colony has doubled since 1989–90, and the current total population size was estimated to be over 200 individuals. The ratio of the total population size to the number of annual breeding pairs varied from 5 to 12 among years, with an overall mean of 7.65 (95% c.i.: 7.56–7.78), and this high variability highlights the need for a sufficient number of surveys of seabird breeding populations before reliable conclusions on population trends can be made. Although long-term data allowed estimates of demographic rates of northern royal albatross at Taiaroa Head, the location of the colony and the ongoing management by staff mean that the population dynamics may differ from those of the main population on the Chatham Islands.

scholarly journals Ketahanan Hidup Setahun Pasien Stroke di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Sri Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Di Indonesia, penyebab utama kematian di rumah sakit adalah stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan hidup 1 tahun pasien stroke yang dirawat di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta tahun 2003 dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif. Sampelnya adalah total populasi, yaitu 275 pasien yang didiagnosa mengalami serangan stroke pertama dan dirawat di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, yang masuk tanggal 1 Januari sampai 31 Desember 2003. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas ketahanan hidup pasien stroke berbeda beda, tergantung pada tipe stroke, ruang rawat, dan penyakit jantung. Masing-masing probabilitas ketahanan hidup setahun pasien stroke adalah sebagai berikut: 63,7% pada pasien tipe stroke stroke iskemik vs. 22,9% pada pasien tipe stroke hemoragik, 70,4% pada pasien di ruang rawat Unit Stroke vs. 36,9% pada pasien di Ruang Neurologi, 37,7% pada pasien stroke dengan penyakit jantung vs. 53,2% pada pasien tidak dengan penyakit jantung. Hasil analisis regresi cox ganda menunjukkan bahwa setelah dikontrol oleh umur, pasien Stroke Hemoragik berisiko untuk meninggal 3 kali lebih besar dibandingkan pasien Stroke Iskemik, pasien stroke yang dirawat di Ruang Neurologi berisiko untuk meninggal 3 kali lebih besar dibandingkan di Ruang Unit Stroke, dan Pasien stroke berpenyakit jantung berisiko untuk meninggal 1.4 kali.Kata kunci : Stroke, probabilitas ketahanan hidupAbstractIn Indonesia, the main cause of death at hospital is stroke. The objective of this study is to know the one year probability of survival rate of stroke patient at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta and factors influencing the rate. The design of this study is retrospective cohort using the medical record database, subjects were total population, i.e., 375 patients diagnosed as the first stroke attack and lodge at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during first January to thirty first December year 2003. The results of this study shows that the probability of one year survival stroke patients depend on type of stroke, place of take care, and existing of heart disease after controlled for age of patients. The probability of one year survival stroke patients are as follows: 63,7% among ischemic stroke vs. 22,9% among haemorhagic stroke; 70,4% among patients who take care at Stroke Unit vs. 36,9% among patients take care of at Neurology Unit; 37,7% among patients with existing heart disease vs. 53,2% among patients without heart disease. The multiple Cox regression shows that after controlled for age, the haemoraghic stroke have risk to die 3 time higher compare than ischemic stroke, the patients at Neurology Unit have risk to die 3 time higher compare than those at Stroke Unit, and the patients stoke with existing heart disease have risk to die 1.4 time higher.Keywords : Stroke, probability of survival rate

scholarly journals Efficient Cryopreservation of Populus tremula by In Vitro-Grown Axillary Buds and Genetic Stability of Recovered Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Elena O. Vidyagina ◽  
Nikolay N. Kharchenko ◽  
Konstantin A. Shestibratov
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

Axillary buds of in vitro microshoots were successfully frozen at –196 °C by the one-step freezing method using the protective vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). Microshoots were taken from 11 transgenic lines and three wild type lines. Influence of different explant pretreatments were analyzed from the point of their influence towards recovery after cryopreservation. It was found out that the use of axillary buds as explants after removal of the apical one increases recovery on average by 8%. The cultivation on growth medium of higher density insignificantly raises the regenerants survival rate. Pretreatment of the osmotic fluid (OF) shows the greatest influence on the survival rate. It leads to the increase in survival rate by 20%. The cryopreservation technology providing regenerants average survival rate of 83% was developed. It was based on the experimental results obtained with explant pretreatment. Incubation time in liquid nitrogen did not affect the explants survival rate after thawing. After six months cryostorage of samples their genetic variability was analyzed. Six variable simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to analyze genotype variability after the freezing-thawing procedure. The microsatellite analysis showed the genetic status identity of plants after cryopreservation and of the original genotypes. The presence of the recombinant gene in the transgenic lines after cryostorage were confirmed so as the interclonal variation in the growth rate under greenhouse conditions. The developed technique is recommended for long-term storage of various breeding and genetically modified lines of aspen plants, as it provides a high percentage of explants survival with no changes in genotype.

Hawks and Doves in the Education of Aboriginal Children

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
P. Degens
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Good Time ◽  
White Children ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
Educational Issue ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military ◽  
Aboriginal Children

When I first moved to Coffs Harbour in 1972, I quickly became aware of the problems facing Aboriginal children in the school and community. Now, ten years later, seems a good time to review the position.Statistically there have been changes. The Aboriginal population in Coffs Harbour Shire is 1.6% of the total population, namely: males 200, females 194, total 394.The new Tyalla Primary which opened next to Orara High in 1978 has 29 Aboriginal pupils, while the Aboriginal population of Orara High itself has increased from 10 to 31 students (2 being in Year 11) in keeping with this school’s growth from only Years 7 – 9 in 1973, to a full secondary school by 1976.It appears that attitudes among teachers and white children have polarised. There are the ‘hawks’ and the ‘doves’. When these terms were invented during the Eisenhower years in the U.S.A., it was easy to tell a ‘hawk’ from a ‘dove’. The ‘hawks’ were those who favoured warlike measures and confrontation, while the ‘doves’ were those who wanted peace talks and mutual disarmament. These days it has become difficult to differentiate in the military aviary but in this educational issue there seems to be a marked line of division. On the one hand there are those who condemn as ‘racist’ any special programs of financial aid to assist Aboriginal children, ‘the hawks’, and on the other those who blame a white-dominated society for the problems Aboriginal children face, ‘the doves’.

scholarly journals Enzymes of the one-carbon folate metabolism as anticancer targets predicted by survival rate analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Koseki ◽  
Masamitsu Konno ◽  
Ayumu Asai ◽  
Hugh Colvin ◽  
Koichi Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
The One

Assessment of the Impact of Wax Deposition in a Pre-Salt Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Carvalho Pinheiro ◽  
Sergio Paulo Gomes Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Deposition Model ◽  
High Production ◽  
The One ◽  
Wax Deposits ◽  
Transient Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract Despite pre-salt fields in Brazil usually having high production per well, one of the areas presents a reservoir with low permoporosity, which results in small flowrates with fluid temperatures during production below the one that is critical for wax deposition. The operations commonly used to remove the wax deposits are diesel soaking and pigging, which brings production losses and OPEX increase. Thus, the economic analysis should consider these events reducing the operational efficiency of production. To evaluate the production drop due to wax deposition, it was necessary to perform a loop test to determine the wax growth throughout time. With a multiphase simulator, it is possible to choose the deposition model and the diffusion coefficient that best fits the analyzed fluid. However, one of the limitations of this first analysis is the lack of data to determine the effect of the shear stripping, as the test is performed under a laminar flow. As this term plays an important role in wax growth, it was necessary to add to the simulation model the shear coefficient fitted from another pre-salt field. With this information, it will be possible to make a more reliable evaluation of the impact of wax deposition, increasing the confidence in the production curve, OPEX and NPV of the full field project. This paper shows the methodology that has been applied to evaluate the impact of wax deposition in pre-salt fields. It presents the deposition model, and its coefficients used to fit the multiphase transient models to a pre-salt field.

The Pattern of Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-98
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
National Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The One

Economic change in colonial India followed a definite pattern. Chapter 3 describes the pattern with statistical data. The chapter shows that the average rate of growth of national income per capita was low, but that the average picture is misleading since the experiences of agriculture on the one hand and industry and services on the other differed greatly. The presence of dissimilar trajectories complicates the task of explaining the pattern of change. The chapter suggests that instead of asking if colonialism and globalization made India rich or poor, we should be asking why colonialism and globalization made some livelihoods rich and left some others poor. Chapter 3 surveys the statistical data that enables asking question like this one.

Evolution of the Slocan Syncline in south-central British Columbia

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Ross ◽  
P. Kellerhals
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
The Core ◽  
South Central ◽  
Deformation Phase ◽  
Facies Metamorphism ◽  
The One

The Slocan Syncline, located in the center of the Kootenay Arc, south-central British Columbia, is outlined in its core by deformed Triassic sediments—the Slocan Group. These deformed sediments were originally deposited unconformably into a synform developed on the upward-facing limb of a recumbent, eastward-closing anticline, comprising Paleozoic and older rocks.The first phase of deformation resulted in the development of a recumbent anticline closing to the east. This anticline involved a sequence of rocks ranging in age from Windermere (late Precambrian—Horsethief Creek Group) up to Permian (Milford Group) and was originally developed along almost horizontal axes contained in an axial-plane having a shallow westerly dip. The core of this anticline contains granite gneiss, having a history pre-dating the deposition of the Horsethief Creek Group, which is in imbricate relation with the gneiss.Later, phase 2 deformation refolded this recumbent anticline into a synform and a westerly complementary antiform along shallow southeasterly axes contained within axial planes dipping southwesterly at about 45 degrees. Amphibolite-facies metamorphism (the "Shuswap Metamorphism") accompanied these phases of deformation and culminated in phase 2 time. Phase 1 and phase 2 deformation and metamorphism ate dated at post-Milford Group (Permian) and pre-Slocan Group (Triassic).Slocan Group (Triassic) sediments were deposited into the phase 2 synform, whose limbs consist of variable older rocks. A later non-metamorphic deformation, phase 3, along southeasterly striking axial planes dipping steeply to the northeast tightened the earlier phase 1 anticline and the phase 2 synform, and produced the Slocan Syncline. The Triassic sediments exhibit only phase 3 structures and are cut by the Nelson batholith dated at 171 × 106 years (Early Jurassic). Phase 3 deformation is then dated at post-Triassic and pre-Early Jurassic.Structural and stratigraphic evidence suggests that the phase 1 recumbent anticline herein described is but one of a set of nappes disposed structurally above and below the one presently described, and that the Kootenay Arc is an old structure perhaps resulting from interference of phase 1 and phase 2 deformations.

Renal Transplantation—A Tale of Two Cities

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
R. F. M. Wood ◽  
P. R. F. Bell ◽  
J. Walls ◽  
J. R. Nash ◽  
D. S. MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Initial Experience ◽  
Tissue Typing ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Transplant Team ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

In 1974 three members of the transplant team from the Western Infirmary in Glasgow moved to the new medical school in Leicester. The initial experience with 33 patients transplanted in Glasgow was published in 1972 and this paper compares the results of that series with the first 21 patients grafted in Leicester. Despite improvements in tissue typing, better quality donor kidneys and fewer complications, there has been a failure to improve on the levels of graft survival. The overall one year graft survival rate in the Glasgow series was 79 per cent compared to 52 per cent in Leicester. In these two series the difference in results appears to be explained by blood transfusion. All the Glasgow patients had been poly-transfused but of the Leicester patients the 10 transfused pre-transplant had a one year graft survival of 90 per cent while in the 11 non-transfused patients the one year graft survival was only 18 per cent.

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