BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY.: 2. REPORT ON THE HUDSON BAY FISHERIES EXPEDITION OF 1930: A. OPEN WATER INVESTIGATIONS WITH THE S.S. LOUBYRNE

1931 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-471
Author(s):  
H. B. HACHEY
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

not available

Eddy covariance flux measurements of momentum, heat and carbon dioxide in Hudson Bay at the onset of sea ice melt 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sims ◽  
Brian Butterworth ◽  
Tim Papakyriakou ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Brent Else
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Ice Fraction

<p>Remoteness and tough conditions have made the Arctic Ocean historically difficult to access; until recently this has resulted in an undersampling of trace gas and gas exchange measurements. The seasonal cycle of sea ice completely transforms the air sea interface and the dynamics of gas exchange. To make estimates of gas exchange in the presence of sea ice, sea ice fraction is frequently used to scale open water gas transfer parametrisations. It remains unclear whether this scaling is appropriate for all sea ice regions. Ship based eddy covariance measurements were made in Hudson Bay during the summer of 2018 from the icebreaker CCGS Amundsen. We will present fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), heat and momentum and will show how they change around the Hudson Bay polynya under varying sea ice conditions. We will explore how these fluxes change with wind speed and sea ice fraction. As freshwater stratification was encountered during the cruise, we will compare our measurements with other recent eddy covariance flux measurements made from icebreakers and also will compare our turbulent CO<sub>2 </sub>fluxes with bulk fluxes calculated using underway and surface bottle pCO<sub>2</sub> data. </p><p> </p>

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 6. THE GENERAL HYDROGRAPHY AND HYDRODYNAMICS OF THE WATERS OF THE HUDSON BAY REGION

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. HACHEY
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The waters of Hudson bay differ markedly from the waters of Hudson strait and the waters of the open ocean. Intense stratification in the upper twenty-five metres, decreasing as the waters of the open ocean are approached, gives Hudson bay the character of a large estuary. Below fifty metres the waters are for all purposes dynamically dead, thus resulting in a cold saline body of water which probably undergoes very little change from season to season. The movements of the waters at various levels are dealt with to show that the inflow of waters from Fox channel and the many fresh-water drainage areas control the hydrographic conditions as found. The main water movement is from the James bay area to Hudson strait and thence to the open ocean.

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 5. THE PLANKTONIC DIATOMS IN HUDSON BAY

1931 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Planktonic Diatoms ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

Surface catches of diatoms taken in Hudson bay in August and September 1930, revealed well-known species of arctic origin. They were most abundant and in best condition near the mouth of the bay, decreasing rapidly inwards, irrespective of the water temperature or the time of the catch.

scholarly journals Polar Bear Distribution and Abundance on the Southwestern Hudson Bay Coast During Open Water Season, in Relation to Population Trends and Annual Ice Patterns

ARCTIC ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Stirling ◽  
N.J. Lunn ◽  
John Iacozza ◽  
Campbell Elliott ◽  
Martyn Obbard
Keyword(s):  
Polar Bear ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Hudson Bay

The Effect of Protracted Spring Thaws on Ice Conditions in Hudson Bay *

1952 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Abnormal Weather

The extent of ice cover in Hudson Bay was investigated during the Spring of 1948 by the RCAF and interested governmental departments. A series of reconnaissance flights over the Bay in March and April disclosed that it was virtually ice-bound from shore to shore. Large areas of open water were observed during the period May 3rd to May 6th. An inspection of the synoptic weather charts disclosed that weather conditions over the Bay both prior to and during this period were abnormal. This immediately suggests that the ice conditions observed might not be representative. For an appraisal of the observations it is necessary to determine the effects of the abnormal weather on the ice. The observed ice conditions are mentioned and the causes of open water areas briefly discussed. The severity of the winter at Churchill was investigated to determine the normalcy of the ice development. A protracted thaw over the eastern parts of Hudson Bay is disclosed by reference to the weather charts. The correlation between the mean monthly temperatures for the spring months and the date of ice clearance at Churchill Harbour is then investigated to determine the effects of a protracted thaw on the ice.

scholarly journals Impact of tidal dynamics on diel vertical migration of zooplankton in Hudson Bay

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Y. Petrusevich ◽  
Igor A. Dmitrenko ◽  
Andrea Niemi ◽  
Sergey A. Kirillov ◽  
Christina Michelle Kamula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Sediment Trap ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Tidal Dynamics ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
North East

Abstract. Hudson Bay is a large, seasonally-ice covered Canadian inland sea, connected to the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic through Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait. This study investigates zooplankton distribution, dynamics and factors controlling them during open water and ice cover periods (from September 2016 to October 2017) in Hudson Bay. A mooring equipped with two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) and a sediment trap was deployed in September 2016 in Hudson Bay ~ 190 km north-east from the port of Churchill. The backscatter intensity and vertical velocity time series showed a pattern typical for the zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM). Zooplankton collected by the sediment trap allowed for the identification of migrating scatters during the study period. From the acquired acoustic data we observed the interaction of DVM with multiple factors including lunar light, tides, as well as water and sea ice dynamics. Solar illuminance was the major factor determining migration pattern, but unlike at some other polar and sub-polar regions, moonlight had a little effect on DVM, while tidal dynamics is important. The presented data constitutes a first-ever observed presence of DVM in Hudson Bay during winter as well as its interaction with the tidal dynamics.

Colonial nesting of the Hudson Bay eider duck

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2424-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef K. Schmutz ◽  
Raleigh J. Robertson ◽  
Fred Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Colonial Nesting ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Selection Of

This study was designed to evaluate the factors influencing colonial nesting of the Hudson Bay eider duck (Somateria mollissima sedentaria). Colonial nesting reflected both selection of appropriate nesting habitat by female common eiders and advantages gained through social cooperation in predator defense. Female common eiders preferred to nest on small islands or on promontories near the shore and under shrubs of medium height. Nesting densities were greatest where a relatively large expanse of open water facilitated landing and taking flight. Nesting females gave alarm calls and formed dense flocks in response to a fox model. Egg predation was less in artificial nests which were close to an incubating female than in those situated further away. There was no correlation between degree of nesting synchrony and density of females on an island. Certain groups, however, exhibited greater nesting synchrony than expected by chance and the variance in egg shape among these females suggested that they were genetically related.

BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 10. MARINE ALGAE FROM HUDSON BAY

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH P. BELL ◽  
CONSTANCE MACFARLANE
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

Sixty-eight collections of marine algae made during the summers of 1927 to 1930 inclusive gave only one hundred and seventy one identifications, comprising forty species, none peculiar to this region alone. The distribution and appearance of the plants indicate that the algal association of Hudson bay is estuarial and arctic.

scholarly journals Seismo-Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Holocene Sediments off Grande Rivière de la Baleine, Southeastern Hudson Bay, Québec

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gonthier ◽  
Bruno d’Anglejan ◽  
Heiner W. Josenhans
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Holocene Sediments ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Seismic Lines

ABSTRACT The regional distribution of Holocene sediments of eastern Hudson Bay off the Grande Rivière de la Baleine mouth was mapped using a grid of reflection seismic lines (approximately 300 km long and covering an area of approximately 800 km2) and data from 7 piston cores. Based on the seismic records and piston cores, 4 stratigraphic units overlying the Proterozoic bedrock (unit 1) were defined and interpreted: (unit 2) glacial till deposited by a westward flowing ice sheet, (unit 3) rhythmically bedded clays and silts presumably deposited in glacial Lake Ojibway, (unit 4) postglacial marine muds deposited in the Tyrrell Sea overlain by undifferentiated modern marine muds, and (unit 5) distal fluviodeltaic sediments from Grande Rivière de la Baleine. Similar stratigraphie units have been described onshore. Textural and geochemical analyses suggest that unit 3 rhythmites are true varves; dark "summer" laminae were deposited mainly by underflows during the open water season, and light "winter" laminae were deposited by overflows-interflows along thermal stratifications under a seasonal ice cover. Unit 5 covers approximately 400 km2 and occurs as a deltaic constructional wedge protruding as far as 11 km offshore of the Grande Rivière de la Baleine entrance with thicknesses reaching 30 m along the coast. It was deposited between 3500 BP and the present from remobilization of glacial sediments farther upstream due to river downcutting during emergence.

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