Assessment of stable isotopic signatures as a means to track the exchange of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) between host fish populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Dean ◽  
Claudio DiBacco ◽  
Robert Scott McKinley
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Over Time

The viability of stable isotopic carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) signatures to track the exchange of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis , between hosts was tested. It was predicted that nonfeeding sea lice would experience lowered δ13C signatures and enriched δ15N signatures owing, at least in part, to moulting during development. It was also predicted that newly settled parasitic first generation sea lice (late stage copepodids) would retain isotopic signatures indistinguishable from their natal host fish population. During this laboratory study, δ13C signatures of nonfeeding sea lice developmental stages declined over time, while the δ13C signature of chalimus III sea lice was not significantly different from fin and gill signatures of their natal hosts, thus providing an isotopic link to their natal host fish population. In contrast, δ15N analysis did not show promise as a tracer in this study, as host fish populations did not display distinct δ15N signatures. These results suggest that δ13C signatures may be applied to identify sources of sea lice epizootics and potentially quantify the exchange of sea lice between cultured and wild salmon populations.

scholarly journals A review of the biology and genetics of sea lice

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Boxaspen
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
New Research ◽  
And Control

Abstract Studies of the biology of sea lice have been conducted from various perspectives for two decades. For Lepeophtheirus spp., most of the published literature has centred on the economically important Lepeophtheirus salmonis, while for Caligus spp., research has focused on a wider range of species. The most numerous species of Caligus in North Atlantic waters, however, is Caligus elongatus, which is also economically important to salmon farming. Since the last review by Pike, A. W., and Wadsworth, S. L. (1999. Sea lice on salmonids: their biology and control. Advances in Parasitology, 44: 234–337.), research on sea lice has developed considerably, including the application of genetic methods. This new research has focused on life history biology, studying developmental stages under different environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and salinity), behaviour, distribution and the dispersal of free-living stages, monitoring practices, population structure, and modelling. The results of this research have informed risk analyses and allowed the refinement of management strategies to reduce sea lice infestations in wild and farmed populations of anadromous salmonids. Molecular techniques have been used to describe population structure and identify differences in genetic characterization of geographically separate populations and population markers. Research has been initiated to understand the parasite–host relationship at a molecular level and to develop a vaccine against sea lice.

scholarly journals A machine vision system for tracking population behavior of zooplankton in small-scale experiments: a case study on salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1838) copepodite population responses to different light stimuli

Biology Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. bio050724
Author(s):  
Bjarne Kvæstad ◽  
Trond Nordtug ◽  
Andreas Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Salmon Lice ◽  
Light Stimuli

ABSTRACTTo achieve efficient and preventive measures against salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1838) infestation, a better understanding of behavioral patterns of the planktonic life stages is key. To investigate light responses in L. salmonis copepodites, a non-intrusive experimental system was designed to measure behavioral responses in a 12.5-l volume using machine vision technology and methodology. The experimental system successfully tracked the collective movement patterns of the sea lice population during exposure to different light stimuli emitted from alternating zones in the system. This system could further be used to study behavioral responses to different physical cues of various developmental stages of sea lice or other zooplankton.

scholarly journals Factors associated with professional identity formation within psychiatry residency training: A longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Hui Chew ◽  
Yvonne Steinert ◽  
Kang Sim
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Psychiatry Residency ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Psychiatry Residents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Conceptual frameworks for professional identity (PI) formation highlight the importance of developmental stages and socialization as the learner progresses from legitimate peripheral to full participation. Based on extant literature and clinical impressions, the authors aimed to explore factors associated with PI formation in psychiatry residents over time, and hypothesized that time in training, seniority status, and duration of exposure to psychiatry prior to residency would be associated with PI formation. Methods Eighty out of 96 psychiatry residents (response rate, 83.3%) from the National Psychiatry Residency Program in Singapore participated and rated their PI development using the Professional Self Identity Questionnaire (PSIQ) across four timepoints from January 2016–December 2019. The residents were classified as junior (first 3 years) or senior residents (years 4–5). Linear mixed model analyses were conducted, with time in training, seniority status (junior versus senior residents), duration of psychiatry postings prior to residency, and their interaction as associated factors with PI over time. Results Time in training, seniority, and duration of psychiatry postings before residency (all p < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher PSIQ scores at baseline. Over time, although all residents had increases in PSIQ scores, this rate of change did not differ significantly between junior and senior residents. Discussion Exposure to psychiatry postings before residency, time in learning, and seniority are factors which influence PI development in residents. This has implications for psychiatry residency selection and training, adequate clinical exposure during training rotations, and continual support for new and senior residents to foster PI formation over time.

Temperature affects carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of aquatic plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyu Zhang ◽  
Xianghong Kong ◽  
Elisabeth S. Bakker ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Stable Isotopic

Neurofeedback, Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Three Critical Issues for Consideration: Perspective from 25 Years of Practice

Biofeedback ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Mari K. Swingle
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Over Time

For those of you who do not recognize the Swingle name, I am a neuro-brat, generation 2.0. I did not find the field, the field found me, or rather was just there … I grew up with the clicking and flipping of switches and amusing myself soldering in my father's university lab, mostly wire sculptures, bracelets, and such (my mother was an artist, after all), but also the odd connection or two on what were then wall-to-wall computers. Being a neuro-brat also meant I matured professionally in the frenetic energy of innovative minds. It took 25 years or so, and some digressions into other fields, namely, art, fashion, and education, but I was eventually drawn in fully at a Winterbrain conference in the 1990s. These were fascinating years wherein I mostly observed and listened to the great minds that rooted us, great minds that clashed (as titans do) as much as they drove the profession forward. In these cerebral jousting matches, however, I fear many were left behind. Over time I have witnessed fewer and fewer people pick up the excitement of research and exploration and more wanting a road map, finding the paths of their forefathers and foremothers (our pioneers) harder than expected to follow. As this brilliant first generation slowly leaves us to retirement and beyond (the Budzynskis, Tooman, Judith Lubar, Michael Thompson, Stu Donaldson, Larry Klein, Joe Kamiya, and a few more), their legacies should be accessible and foundations strong for us to continue to build upon. It might also be time to put down the swords, to address conflicts that no longer push us forward before we fracture further, not through loss of persons, but loss of standards, knowledge, and skill. To preserve and move neurotherapy forward, three things are critical for our discipline to address: (1) conflict and division, (2) the red herring of the double-blind imperative and its little cousin the placebo effect, and (3) perhaps most important, practice and equipment standards.

Nitrogen-stable isotopic signatures of basal food items, primary consumers and omnivores in rivers with different levels of human impact

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayato Kohzu ◽  
Ichiro Tayasu ◽  
Chikage Yoshimizu ◽  
Atsushi Maruyama ◽  
Yukihiro Kohmatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Primary Consumers ◽  
Different Levels
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