scholarly journals Capture technique and fish personality: angling targets timid bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D.M. Wilson ◽  
Thomas R. Binder ◽  
Keegan P. McGrath ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Jean-Guy J. Godin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Capture Technique

Size-selective harvesting associated with commercial and recreational fishing practices has been shown to alter life history traits through a phenomenon known as fishing-induced evolution. This phenomenon may be a result of selection pathways targeting life-history traits directly or indirectly through correlations with behavioral traits. Here, we report on the relationship between individual differences in behavior and capture technique (beach seining versus angling) in wild-caught juvenile bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ). Both fish caught by using a seine net (seined) and fish caught by using a lure (angled) were individually tested under standardized laboratory conditions for their boldness, water-column use, and general activity. Observed inter-individual differences in boldness were strongly correlated with method of capture in the wild. Fish caught by angling were more timid and had fewer ectoparasites than fish caught using a seine net. However, this relationship did not carry over to an experiment in a large outdoor pool with seine-caught, individually tagged wild fish, where bolder individuals were more likely to be angled in open water away from refuges than more timid individuals, based on their previously assessed boldness scores. Our study is both novel and important, as it describes the relationship between capture technique and boldness in a natural population and underscores the potential risk of sampling biases associated with method of animal capture for behavioral, population, and conservation biologists.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

scholarly journals Optimal immune specificity at the intersection of host life history and parasite epidemiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1009714
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Downie ◽  
Andreas Mayer ◽  
C. Jessica E. Metcalf ◽  
Andrea L. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Structured Population ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Population Dynamics Model ◽  
Structured Population Dynamics ◽  
Host Life ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Hosts diverge widely in how, and how well, they defend themselves against infection and immunopathology. Why are hosts so heterogeneous? Both epidemiology and life history are commonly hypothesized to influence host immune strategy, but the relationship between immune strategy and each factor has commonly been investigated in isolation. Here, we show that interactions between life history and epidemiology are crucial for determining optimal immune specificity and sensitivity. We propose a demographically-structured population dynamics model, in which we explore sensitivity and specificity of immune responses when epidemiological risks vary with age. We find that variation in life history traits associated with both reproduction and longevity alters optimal immune strategies–but the magnitude and sometimes even direction of these effects depends on how epidemiological risks vary across life. An especially compelling example that explains previously-puzzling empirical observations is that depending on whether infection risk declines or rises at reproductive maturity, later reproductive maturity can select for either greater or lower immune specificity, potentially illustrating why studies of lifespan and immune variation across taxa have been inconclusive. Thus, the sign of selection on the life history-immune specificity relationship can be reversed in different epidemiological contexts. Drawing on published life history data from a variety of chordate taxa, we generate testable predictions for this facet of the optimal immune strategy. Our results shed light on the causes of the heterogeneity found in immune defenses both within and among species and the ultimate variability of the relationship between life history and immune specificity.

Life history traits and functional immune parameters in the wild trout of the Kerguelen Islands

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1650
Author(s):  
E. Farcy ◽  
H. Roche ◽  
J.C. Aymes ◽  
E. Beall ◽  
M. Charrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Kerguelen Islands ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Wild Trout

scholarly journals Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20201876
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Angell ◽  
Mathieu J. Oudin ◽  
Nicolas O. Rode ◽  
Brian S. Mautz ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
In The Wild

High-quality developmental environments often improve individual performance into adulthood, but allocating toward early life traits, such as growth, development rate and reproduction, may lead to trade-offs with late-life performance. It is, therefore, uncertain how a rich developmental environment will affect the ageing process (senescence), particularly in wild insects. To investigate the effects of early life environmental quality on insect life-history traits, including senescence, we reared larval antler flies ( Protopiophila litigata ) on four diets of varying nutrient concentration, then recorded survival and mating success of adult males released in the wild. Declining diet quality was associated with slower development, but had no effect on other life-history traits once development time was accounted for. Fast-developing males were larger and lived longer, but experienced more rapid senescence in survival and lower average mating rate compared to slow developers. Ultimately, larval diet, development time and body size did not predict lifetime mating success. Thus, a rich environment led to a mixture of apparent benefits and costs, mediated by development time. Our results indicate that ‘silver spoon' effects can be complex and that development time mediates the response of adult life-history traits to early life environmental quality.

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