Do in-stream restoration structures enhance salmonid abundance? A meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Whiteway ◽  
Pascale M. Biron ◽  
André Zimmermann ◽  
Oscar Venter ◽  
James W.A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Density And Biomass

Despite the widespread use of stream restoration structures to improve fish habitat, few quantitative studies have evaluated their effectiveness. This study uses a meta-analysis approach to test the effectiveness of five types of in-stream restoration structures (weirs, deflectors, cover structures, boulder placement, and large woody debris) on both salmonid abundance and physical habitat characteristics. Compilation of data from 211 stream restoration projects showed a significant increase in pool area, average depth, large woody debris, and percent cover, as well as a decrease in riffle area, following the installation of in-stream structures. There was also a significant increase in salmonid density (mean effect size of 0.51, or 167%) and biomass (mean effect size of 0.48, or 162%) following the installation of structures. Large differences were observed between species, with rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) showing the largest increases in density and biomass. This compilation highlights the potential of in-stream structures to create better habitat for and increase the abundance of salmonids, but the scarcity of long-term monitoring of the effectiveness of in-stream structures is problematic.

Characteristics and function of large woody debris in subalpine Rocky Mountain streams in northern Colorado

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1789-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann D. Richmond ◽  
Kurt D. Fauseh
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Function ◽  
Rocky Mountain Streams

Large woody debris has been well studied in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest, but little is known of its role in Rocky Mountain streams. Large woody debris was measured in 11 undisturbed streams draining subalpine old-growth forests in north central Colorado to assess abundance, characteristics, and function. Although large woody debris in Colorado had smaller diameter, length, and volume than in the Pacific Northwest, its abundance and function were similar. The majority of pools (76%) were plunge and dammed pools formed by large woody debris, most of which spanned the channels perpendicular to stream flow. Smaller streams had a greater proportion of such perpendicular pool-forming pieces than larger streams. Four disturbed streams had significantly less and smaller large woody debris than undisturbed streams. Flows in larger undisturbed streams were capable of moving large woody debris, so pieces were more often located at the stream margins, oriented diagonally, or distributed in clumps than in smaller streams. Individual pools were larger and deeper in larger streams, but their size was not related to the size of large woody debris pieces forming them. Therefore, the function of large woody debris in forming fish habitat in small Rocky Mountain streams is strongly influenced by the stream's location within the watershed.

Impact of in-stream restoration structures on salmonid abundance and biomass: an updated meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1574-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyleisha J. Foote ◽  
Pascale M. Biron ◽  
James W.A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Density And Biomass

Owing to declines in salmonid populations, in-stream restoration structures have been used for over 80 years to increase abundance of fish. However, the relative effectiveness of these structures remains unclear for some species or regions, partly due to contrasting conclusions from two previous meta-analyses. To update and reconcile these previous analyses, we conducted a meta-analysis using data available from 1969 to 2019 to estimate the effect of in-stream structures on salmonid abundance (number and density) and biomass. Data from 100 stream restoration projects showed a significant increase in salmonid abundance (effect size 0.636) and biomass (0.621), consistent with previous reviews and studies, and a stronger effect was found in adults than in juvenile fish. Despite a shift towards using more natural structures (wood and boulders) since the 1990s, structures have not become more effective. However, most projects monitor for less than 5 years, which may be insufficient time in some systems for channel morphology to adjust and population changes to be apparent. Process-based techniques, which give more space for the river, allow more long-term, self-sustaining restoration.

Effect of a change in physical structure and cover on fish and fish habitat in freshwater ecosystems – a review and meta-analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (NA) ◽  
pp. 15-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Smokorowski ◽  
T.C. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Aquatic Resource

Aquatic resource managers are continually faced with construction or site development proposals which, if allowed to proceed, would ultimately alter the physical structure and cover of fish habitat. In the absence of clear quantitative guidelines linking the change in habitat to fish, resource managers often use the change in habitat area as a basis for decisions. To assess the weight of scientific evidence in support of management decisions, we summarized both the observational and experimental freshwater fish-habitat literature. We then extracted data from experimental studies (where possible) for inclusion in a meta-analysis, to provide a more rigorous assessment of the published results of experimental habitat manipulations. We found relatively strong and consistent correlational evidence linking fish and physical habitat features, yet inconsistent evidence when narratively reviewing the experimental literature. On the whole, decreases in structural habitat complexity are detrimental to fish diversity and can change species composition. Increases in structural complexity showed increases, decreases, or no measurable changes in species and (or) communities. The majority of our meta-analyses resulted in supporting a direct link between habitat and fish abundance or biomass, with fish biomass responding most strongly to habitat change. Habitat alterations are most likely to affect individual species or community structure, and thus evaluating the extent of the effect on a biological basis depends on management objectives.

Response of fishes and aquatic habitats to sand-bed stream restoration using large woody debris

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 494 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Douglas Shields Jr. ◽  
Scott S. Knight ◽  
Nathalie Morin ◽  
Joanne Blank
Keyword(s):  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Aquatic Habitats

The Relationship Between Immorality and Cleansing

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedidiah Siev ◽  
Shelby E. Zuckerman ◽  
Joseph J. Siev
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In a widely publicized set of studies, participants who were primed to consider unethical events preferred cleansing products more than did those primed with ethical events ( Zhong & Liljenquist, 2006 ). This tendency to respond to moral threat with physical cleansing is known as the Macbeth Effect. Several subsequent efforts, however, did not replicate this relationship. The present manuscript reports the results of a meta-analysis of 15 studies testing this relationship. The weighted mean effect size was small across all studies (g = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.31]), and nonsignificant across studies conducted in independent laboratories (g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.19]). We conclude that there is little evidence for an overall Macbeth Effect; however, there may be a Macbeth Effect under certain conditions.

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