The use of ventilation frequency as an accurate indicator of metabolic rate in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2081-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Millidine ◽  
N. B. Metcalfe ◽  
J. D. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Accurate Indicator

Bioenergetics studies of free-living animals have long been hampered by limitations on our abilities to measure the energy costs of different activities. Here we evaluate whether it is possible to use the opercular ventilatory beat rate of a fish to estimate its rate of energy expenditure. Changes in metabolic rate (MR) and ventilation rate (VR) were recorded in yearling Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar , weight range 1.8–12.64 g) engaged in different activities at different temperatures while within a respirometer. MR was found to correlate strongly with VR in all fish. The relationship was linear, and both the slope and corresponding intercept of the regression equation were strongly dependent on the fish’s body weight and the test temperature. From these relationships, a general equation was generated to predict MR at a range of temperatures from knowledge of a fish’s weight and its VR; this proved to be highly accurate (correlation between predicted and observed MRs: r = 0.95), although calibration of individual fish is recommended in studies that compare performance of individuals. Visual measurements of VR may therefore provide a highly accurate, cheap, and noninvasive method of measuring the energy consumption of fish engaged in natural behaviours in more natural settings.

Effects of diel temperature fluctuation on the standard metabolic rate of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): influence of acclimation temperature and provenience

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Oligny-Hébert ◽  
Caroline Senay ◽  
Eva C. Enders ◽  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Thermal Regimes

We assessed the metabolic response of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; JAS) originating from two rivers with different natural thermal regimes to different acclimation temperature (15 or 20 °C) and diel temperature fluctuation (constant: ±0.5 °C; fluctuating: ±2.5 °C). Diel temperature fluctuation (15 ± 2.5 °C) near the thermal optimum (16 °C) for the species did not influence standard metabolic rate (SMR) compared with JAS acclimated to a constant temperature of 15 °C. Diel temperature fluctuation at 20 ± 2.5 °C increased SMR of JAS from the warmer river by 33.7% compared with the same fish acclimated to a constant temperature of 20 °C. SMR of JAS from the cooler river held at fluctuating conditions had SMR that were 8% lower than SMR at constant conditions. The results suggest that the mean temperature to which JAS is exposed may affect their responses to diel temperature fluctuation and that this response may vary between populations originating from rivers with different natural thermal regimes. Results were used to develop the first empirical SMR model for JAS subjected to diel temperature fluctuation using fish mass (3–36 g wet) and temperature (12.5–22.5 °C) as explanatory variables.

The relationship between stream or river discharge and thyroid hormone levels in wild adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Youngson ◽  
John H. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Probable Consequence ◽  
The Relationship

Thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine levels were determined in groups of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) of both sexes at river entry in summer or as they entered a spawning tributary in late autumn. Hormone levels were considered in relation to river or stream discharge rate at capture. For tri-iodothyronine, there was a quadratic or linear relationship with discharge rate for each sex at both sites. For thyroxine, there was a quadratic relationship with discharge rate at tributary entry but no relationship with discharge rate at river entry. It is argued that raised hormone levels at higher discharge rates are a probable consequence of increased motor activity associated with greater water velocity. The quadratic nature of most of the models is attributed to physiological or behavioural limitation of the response.

scholarly journals Offspring size effects vary over fine spatio-temporal scales in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grethe Robertsen ◽  
Helge Skoglund ◽  
Sigurd Einum
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship

Classic offspring-size theory predicts that a single level of investment per offspring maximizes parental reproductive success in a given environment. Yet, substantial variation in offspring size is often observed among females within populations. Variation at this scale may occur because spatio-temporal variation in stabilizing selection prevents erosion of genetic variation. We tested whether patterns of size-specific offspring survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) varies across location and season within a short stretch of a natural stream by manipulating the emergence timing of juveniles from 12 families with different mean egg sizes and assessing their performance at two locations. The relationship between egg size and juvenile survival varied temporally and spatially; large eggs were advantageous for early emergers in one location, whereas egg size had no effect in the other. Furthermore, the performance of later emerging juveniles did not depend on egg size in either location, possibly because the early emergers had grown or established territories. Thus, selection on offspring size can be complex and vary across short periods of time and small geographic distances, thereby preventing the erosion of genetic variation expected under consistent stabilizing selection.

Metabolic rate of pre-smolt growth-enhanced transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Aquaculture ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 188 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Cook ◽  
M.A. McNiven ◽  
A.M. Sutterlin
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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