Historical analysis of Pan I in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): temporal stability of allele frequencies in the southeastern part of the species distribution

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1448-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Eg Nielsen ◽  
Brian R MacKenzie ◽  
Eydfinn Magnussen ◽  
Dorte Meldrup
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Southeastern Part

We investigated temporal genetic differentiation at the pantophysin (Pan I) locus in four Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations from the southeastern part of the species distribution: the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Faroe Plateau, and the Faroe Bank. Historical otolith collections enabled investigation of allele frequency variation over time periods up to 69 years employing Pan I primers specifically designed for partially degraded DNA. Small and nonsignificant temporal changes in Pan I allele frequencies were observed in the four populations. Simultaneous microsatellite analysis revealed similar temporal genetic stability with temporal FST values ranging from 0 to 0.006, suggesting limited demographic changes. Sea surface temperature, which has been suggested as the primary driver for the geographical distribution of Pan I alleles in cod, showed no long-term trend although temperature has increased since the mid-1990s. Our study demonstrates that populations in the southeastern part of the species range has been characterized by very high frequencies of the Pan IA allele for many decades, and accordingly, Pan I serves as a reliable marker for genetic stock identification on a macrogeographical scale.

scholarly journals Parallel adaptive evolution of Atlantic cod on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean in response to temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1701) ◽  
pp. 3725-3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Bradbury ◽  
Sophie Hubert ◽  
Brent Higgins ◽  
Tudor Borza ◽  
Sharen Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Survey ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Adaptive Diversity

Despite the enormous economic and ecological importance of marine organisms, the spatial scales of adaptation and biocomplexity remain largely unknown. Yet, the preservation of local stocks that possess adaptive diversity is critical to the long-term maintenance of productive stable fisheries and ecosystems. Here, we document genomic evidence of range-wide adaptive differentiation in a broadcast spawning marine fish, Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), using a genome survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Of 1641 gene-associated polymorphisms examined, 70 (4.2%) tested positive for signatures of selection using a Bayesian approach. We identify a subset of these loci ( n = 40) for which allele frequencies show parallel temperature-associated clines ( p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.89) in the eastern and western north Atlantic. Temperature associations were robust to the statistical removal of geographic distance or latitude effects, and contrasted ‘neutral’ loci, which displayed no temperature association. Allele frequencies at temperature-associated loci were significantly correlated, spanned three linkage groups and several were successfully annotated supporting the involvement of multiple independent genes. Our results are consistent with the evolution and/or selective sweep of multiple genes in response to ocean temperature, and support the possibility of a new conservation paradigm for non-model marine organisms based on genomic approaches to resolving functional and adaptive diversity.

Migrations and Intermingling of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Stocks of the Newfoundland Area

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Templeman
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Bank Stock ◽  
Avalon Peninsula

Commercial recaptures of 26% (22.5% in years after the tagging year) of 18,822 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) 50 cm or more in length that were tagged mainly in the feeding season at 13 localities in the Newfoundland area in 1954–55 elucidated migrations and intermingling of cod of various stocks or stock complexes. Cod of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence stock migrated southward from the Strait of Belle Isle to winter on the northern side of Cabot Strait and vicinity, mingling there with the Burgeo Bank stock. Cod of the Newfoundland–Labrador complex tagged at three sites mingled along the east coast of Newfoundland and off southern Labrador and with cod of the northern Gulf stock near the Strait of Belle Isle, of the Avalon–Burin stock complex off the Avalon peninsula, and of a Grand Bank stock on the northern part of the bank. Though cod tagged off the Avalon peninsula and on St. Pierre Bank were recaptured mainly near the tagging sites, some moved as far north as Labrador, to the southern Grand Bank, and to Cabot Strait. Fish tagged on the northwestern Grand Bank were recaptured mainly at the tagging site but also elsewhere on the bank and off the east coast of Newfoundland. Those tagged on the Southeast Shoal of the Grand Bank were recaptured mainly on the southeastern part of the bank though some moved as far as southeastern Newfoundland. Those tagged on Burgeo Bank mingled with the Avalon–Burin stock complex, including the St. Pierre Bank component, but mainly with the Northern Gulf stock in winter–spring near Cabot Strait.Cod 90–129 cm long at tagging were recaptured at shorter distances from the tagging sites than 50–89-cm cod. Tagging–recapture distances also increased with increasing age for cod of the smaller length ranges on tagging. In their vertical movements, most tagged cod moved to shallow water in late spring or early summer and retreated gradually to deeper water from late summer to early spring. Some remained in deep water throughout the year.Recapture rates at different size ranges varied with area but were not greatly different at length ranges from 50–59 to 80–94 cm, which included 95% of the tagged cod.

scholarly journals Genetic population structure and gene flow in the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua: a comparison of allozyme and nuclear RFLP loci.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
G H Pogson ◽  
K A Mesa ◽  
R G Boutilier
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Abstract High levels of gene flow have been implicated in producing uniform patterns of allozyme variation among populations of many marine fish species. We have examined whether gene flow is responsible for the limited population structure in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., by comparing the previously published patterns of variation at 10 allozyme loci to 17 nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci scored by 11 anonymous cDNA clones. Unlike the allozyme loci, highly significant differences were observed among all populations at the DNA markers in a pattern consistent with an isolation-by-distance model of population structure. The magnitude of allele frequency variation at the nuclear RFLP loci significantly exceeded that observed at the protein loci (chi 2 = 24.6, d.f. = 5, P &lt; 0.001). Estimates of gene flow from the private alleles method were similar for the allozymes and nuclear RFLPs. From the infinite island model, however, estimates of gene flow from the DNA markers were fivefold lower than indicated by the proteins. The discrepancy between gene flow estimates, combined with the observation of a large excess of rare RFLP alleles, suggests that the Atlantic cod has undergone a recent expansion in population size and that populations are significantly displaced from equilibrium. Because gene flow is a process that affects all loci equally, the heterogeneity observed among populations at the DNA level eliminates gene flow as the explanation for the homogeneous allozyme patterns. Our results suggest that a recent origin of cod populations has acted to constrain the extent of population differentiation observed at weakly polymorphic loci and implicate a role for selection in affecting the distribution of protein variation among natural populations in this species.

Geographic Variation in Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua, off Eastern North America: A Biochemical Systematics Approach

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Cross ◽  
R. H. Payne
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The North ◽  
Stock Discrimination ◽  
Significant Difference

Analysis of geographic variation in the frequencies of alleles at the Tf locus in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, indicates that it is possible to distinguish three major populations off eastern North America: (1) north of the Laurentian Channel, (2) south of the Laurentian Channel, and (3) Flemish Cap. The data also suggest that the north Laurentian stock may be further subdivided into a northern and southern component. The genetic distinction between the cod population on Flemish Cap and those on other areas of the continental shelf is confirmed by a significant difference in allele frequencies at the PGI-2 locus. It is suggested that the cod population on Flemish Cap may have persisted in isolation since the last glaciation. Key words: fish stock discrimination, transferrin, phosphoglucose isomerase, allele frequencies, genetic distance

scholarly journals Macro- and micro-geographic variation in pantophysin (PanI) allele frequencies in NE Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

2005 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAJ Case ◽  
WF Hutchinson ◽  
L Hauser ◽  
C Van Oosterhout ◽  
GR Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Ne Atlantic

Effects of temperature on life history set the sensitivity to fishing in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

2014 ◽  
Vol 514 ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
HY Wang ◽  
LW Botsford ◽  
JW White ◽  
MJ Fogarty ◽  
F Juanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Effects Of Temperature
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