Revisiting evolutionary dead ends in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) life history

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A Pavey ◽  
Troy R Hamon ◽  
Jennifer L Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Type Population ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks ◽  
Volcanic Caldera ◽  
Lake Type

This study challenges recent hypotheses about sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) colonization based on life history and broadens the pathways that investigators should consider when studying sockeye colonization of novel habitats. Most sockeye populations exhibit lake-type life histories. Riverine populations are thought to be more likely to stray from their natal stream to spawn and therefore colonize new habitat. We examined genetic relationships among five geographically proximate sockeye populations from the Aniakchak region of the Alaska Peninsula, Alaska. Specifically, we sought to determine if the genetic population structure was consistent with the hypothesis that a riverine population colonized a recently available upriver volcanic caldera lake, and whether recent volcanism led to genetic bottlenecks in these sockeye populations. Heterozygosity and allelic richness were not higher in the riverine population. Patterns of genetic divergence suggested that the geographically proximate riverine sockeye population did not colonize the lake; the caldera populations were more genetically divergent from the downstream riverine population (FST  =  0.047) than a lake-type population in a different drainage (FST  =  0.018). Our results did not suggest the presence of genetic bottlenecks in the caldera populations.

Physiological and Growth Differences in Three Stocks of Underyearling Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) on Early Entry into Seawater

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Rice ◽  
Robert E. Thomas ◽  
Adam Moles
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lake Type ◽  
River Type

We compared the impact of exposure to seawater on three sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks: one that normally migrates to sea as underyearlings (sea-type) and two with the more common life history strategies of 1 (river-type) or 2 (lake-type) yr of freshwater residence prior to seaward migration. Innate differences in survival, ability to regulate tissue chlorides, and oxygen consumption when first introduced into salt water were more evident in April and May when fish were less than 50 mm in length. In fish longer than 50 mm, the only significant differences among the stocks were in saltwater growth. Between June and August, sea-type fish showed faster growth than river-type fish which in turn grew faster than lake-type fish. When introduced into salt water in October, virtually no growth occurred in any stock, regardless of fish size. River-type and lake-type sockeye, which normally overwinter 1 and 2 yr, respectively, in freshwater, can be reared in seawater if underyearlings are raised to a length of 50 mm before release into salt water, similar to the normal life history of sea-type underyearlings. Early life history appears to be influenced more by habitat than by genetics.

The genetic population structure of lacustrine sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in Japan as the endangered species

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Kogura ◽  
James E. Seeb ◽  
Noriko Azuma ◽  
Hideaki Kudo ◽  
Syuiti Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Genetic Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Population

Intact genetic structure and high levels of genetic diversity in bottlenecked sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations of the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1985-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E Withler ◽  
Khai D Le ◽  
R John Nelson ◽  
Kristina M Miller ◽  
Terry D Beacham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Rare Alleles ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks

Analysis of six microsatellite loci in 5800 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from 29 Fraser River populations provided little evidence of genetic bottlenecks or mass straying in upper Fraser sockeye salmon resulting from reduced abundances following 1913-1914 rockslides in the Fraser canyon and successive decades of high exploitation. Upper Fraser populations were not characterized by a paucity of rare alleles, a sensitive indicator of populations in which effective size has been recently reduced. Heterozygosity and allelic diversity did not differ consistently between lower and upper Fraser populations. Throughout the watershed, early-migrating populations had lower allelic diversity and a lower proportion of rare alleles than did late-migrating ones. Genetic differentiation between upper and lower Fraser populations and heterogeneity among lower Fraser populations supported the suggestion that Fraser sockeye salmon are descendants of at least two postglacial "races." Variation among lakes within regions was the strongest component of genetic structure, accounting for five times the variation among populations within lakes and more than two times the variation among regions. Extensive historical transplants of eggs and juveniles apparently resulted in lit tle gene flow among regions, but three populations were reestablished or rebuilt as the result of more recent transplants.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE LIFE HISTORY AND PROPAGATION OF THE SOCKEYE SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA) AT CULTUS LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA: No. 4. THE LIFE HISTORY CYCLE OF THE 1925 YEAR CLASS WITH NATURAL PROPAGATION

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
R. E. FOERSTER
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Areas

Eggs spawned naturally by 3,883 females in 1925 were estimated as amounting to 17,470,000. Approximately 12,500 fry (0.07% of eggs) migrated to sea in 1926, 183,272 yearlings (1.05%) in 1927, and 1,722 two-year-olds (0.01%) in 1928, making 1.13% in all. Returning fish consisted of no three-year (32 group), 4,463 four-year (42 group), and 1,112 five-year fish (no 52 group, all being of the 53 group). None of the fish was reported returning to other spawning areas.

Patterns of Interannual Variation in Age at Maturity of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Alaska and British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1595-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

Interannual variations in mean age of maturity tend to be positively correlated among 10 stocks of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) which spawn in rivers emptying into Bristol Bay, Alaska. Taking a comparative approach, I utilized data from British Columbia and Alaska sockeye stocks with different life histories to test alternative hypotheses about sources of these variations in mean age at maturity. The hypotheses included freshwater environment, marine environment, and parental influences. Freshwater hypotheses were rejected and while some parental effects do exist, they are small compared with the effect of events in early marine life. Early marine growth rate data do not exist for these stocks but evidence from five other sockeye stocks shows that fast growth during this period tends to lead to earlier age at maturity.

scholarly journals Marine trophic diversity in an anadromous fish is linked to its life-history variation in fresh water

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20120824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P. Johnson ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Trophic Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Salmon Population ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Foraging Tactics

We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes from muscle tissues accrued in the ocean to examine whether marine foraging tactics in anadromous sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) are linked to their ultimate freshwater life history as adults. Adults from large-bodied populations spawning in deep freshwater habitats had more enriched δ 15 N than individuals from small-bodied populations from shallow streams. Within populations, earlier maturing individuals had higher δ 15 N than older fish. These differences in δ 15 N suggest that the fish with different life histories or spawning habitats in freshwater either fed at different trophic positions or in different habitats in the ocean. We propose that, nested within interspecific diversity in the ecological attributes of salmon, population and life-history diversity in spawning adults is associated with variation in marine foraging tactics. These results further indicate that the trophic diversity of sockeye salmon in the ocean may be linked to trade-offs in ecological and evolutionary constraints they eventually experience as adults in freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals Genomic changes associated with reproductive and migratory ecotypes in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Veale ◽  
Michael A Russello
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Outlier Loci ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractMechanisms underlying adaptive evolution can best be explored using paired populations displaying similar phenotypic divergence, illuminating the genomic changes associated with specific life history traits. Here we used paired migratory [anadromous vs. resident (kokanee)] and reproductive [shore- vs. stream-spawning] ecotypes of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) sampled from seven lakes and two rivers spanning three catchments (Columbia, Fraser, and Skeena) in British Columbia, Canada to investigate the patterns and processes underlying their divergence. Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing was used to genotype this sampling at 7,347 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 334 of which were identified as outlier loci and candidates for divergent selection within at least one ecotype comparison. Eighty-six of these outliers were present in multiple comparisons, with thirty-three detected across multiple catchments. Of particular note, one locus was detected as the most significant outlier between shore and stream-spawning ecotypes in multiple comparisons and across catchments (Columbia, Fraser and Snake). We also detected several islands of divergence, some shared among comparisons, potentially showing linked signals of differential selection. The SNPs and genomic regions identified in our study offer a range of mechanistic hypotheses associated with the genetic basis of O. nerka life history variation and provide novel tools for informing fisheries management.

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