Optimal growth temperature hypothesis: Why do anchovy flourish and sardine collapse or vice versa under the same ocean regime?

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Takasuka ◽  
Yoshioki Oozeki ◽  
Ichiro Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Regime Shifts ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Japanese Sardine

The out-of-phase population oscillations between anchovy and sardine have been attributed to climate changes. However, the biological processes causing these species alternations have remained unresolved. Here we propose a simple "optimal growth temperature" hypothesis, in which anchovy and sardine regime shifts are caused by differential optimal temperatures for growth rates during the early life stages. Dome-shaped relationships between growth rate and sea temperature were detected for both Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) and Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) larvae based on otolith microstructure analysis. The optimal growth rate for anchovy larvae occurred at 22.0 °C, whereas that for sardine larvae occurred at 16.2 °C. Ambient temperatures have historically fluctuated between these optima, which could lead to contrasting fluctuations in larval growth rates between the two species. This simple mechanism could potentially cause the shifts between the warm anchovy regime and the cool sardine regime in the western North Pacific. Although retrospective analysis suggested synergistic effects of other factors (e.g., trophic interactions and fishing), the optimal growth temperature concept would provide a possible biological mechanism of anchovy and sardine regime shifts.

Phaeotheca dimorphospora sp.nov.: description et caractéristiques culturales

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre DesRochers ◽  
G. B. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Ophiostoma Ulmi ◽  
Mother Cells

An unknown fungus isolated from an elm branch and inhibitory against Ophiostoma ulmi in vitro is described as Phaeotheca dimorphospora sp.nov. This dematiaceous deuteromycete propagates by endoconidia released after exfoliation of chlamydospore outer wall, as in mother cells of the type species Phaeotheca fissurella. However, P. dimorphospora differs from the type species by producing hyaline secondary ameroconidia between the endoconidial masses. Other ameroconidia, similar to the secondary ameroconidia, are produced through the chlamydospore outer wall. The optimal growth temperature of P. dimorphospora is 23 °C, whereas it is 15.5 °C for the type species. On media containing a high dextrose concentration (30 g ∙ L−1), colonies of P. dimorphospora are gray and crustose and grow slowly, at least initially. Conversely, on media with a low dextrose concentration (5 or 10 g ∙ L−1) colonies have a faster growth rate and appear whitish or ivory and fluffy. Key words: Phaeotheca dimorphospora, diagnosis, inhibition, Ophiostoma ulmi, Dutch elm disease.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Phomopsis juglandina (Sacc.) Hohn. Associated with Dieback of Walnut in the Climatic Conditions of Southern Romania

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaescu ◽  
Daniel Dunea ◽  
Adrian Gheorghe Bășa ◽  
Loredana Neagu Frasin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Optimal Ph

Phomopsis juglandina (Sacc.) Höhn., which is the conidial state of Diaporthe juglandina (Fuckel) Nitschke, and the main pathogen causing the dieback of branches and twigs of walnut was recently detected in many orchards from Romania. The symptomatological, morphological, ultrastructural, and cultural characteristics, as well as the pathogenicity of an isolate of this lignicolous fungus, were described and illustrated. The optimum periods for infection, under the conditions prevailing in Southern Romania, mainly occur in the spring (April) and autumn months (late September-beginning of October). Strong inverse correlations (p < 0.001) were found between potential evapotranspiration and lesion lengths on walnut branches in 2019. The pathogen forms two types of phialospores: alpha and beta; the role of beta phialospores is not well known in pathogenesis. In Vitro, the optimal growth temperature of mycelial hyphae was in the range of 22–26 °C, and the optimal pH is 4.4–7. This pathogen should be monitored continuously due to its potential for damaging infestations of intensive plantations.

The correlation between genomic G + C and optimal growth temperature of prokaryotes is robust: A reply to Marashi and Ghalanbor

2005 ◽  
Vol 330 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Musto ◽  
Hugo Naya ◽  
Alejandro Zavala ◽  
Hector Romero ◽  
Fernando Alvarez-Valin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature

Genomic GC level, optimal growth temperature, and genome size in prokaryotes

2006 ◽  
Vol 347 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Musto ◽  
Hugo Naya ◽  
Alejandro Zavala ◽  
Héctor Romero ◽  
Fernando Alvarez-Valín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature

scholarly journals Building a tRNA thermometer to access the world’s biochemical diversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Cimen ◽  
Sarah E. Jensen ◽  
Edward S. Buckler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Thermophilic Organism

ABSTRACTBecause ambient temperature affects biochemical reactions, organisms living in extreme temperature conditions adapt protein composition and structure to maintain biochemical functions. While it is not feasible to experimentally determine optimal growth temperature (OGT) for every known microbial species, organisms adapted to different temperatures have measurable differences in DNA, RNA, and protein composition that allow OGT prediction from genome sequence alone. In this study, we built a model using tRNA sequence to predict OGT. We used tRNA sequences from 100 archaea and 683 bacteria species as input to train two Convolutional Neural Network models. The first pairs individual tRNA sequences from different species to predict which comes from a more thermophilic organism, with accuracy ranging from 0.538 to 0.992. The second uses the complete set of tRNAs in a species to predict optimal growth temperature, achieving a maximum r2 of 0.86; comparable with other prediction accuracies in the literature despite a significant reduction in the quantity of input data. This model improves on previous OGT prediction models by providing a model with minimum input data requirements, removing laborious feature extraction and data preprocessing steps, and widening the scope of valid downstream analyses.

scholarly journals Building a tRNA thermometer to estimate microbial adaptation to temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (21) ◽  
pp. 12004-12015
Author(s):  
Emre Cimen ◽  
Sarah E Jensen ◽  
Edward S Buckler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Thermophilic Organism

Abstract Because ambient temperature affects biochemical reactions, organisms living in extreme temperature conditions adapt protein composition and structure to maintain biochemical functions. While it is not feasible to experimentally determine optimal growth temperature (OGT) for every known microbial species, organisms adapted to different temperatures have measurable differences in DNA, RNA and protein composition that allow OGT prediction from genome sequence alone. In this study, we built a ‘tRNA thermometer’ model using tRNA sequence to predict OGT. We used sequences from 100 archaea and 683 bacteria species as input to train two Convolutional Neural Network models. The first pairs individual tRNA sequences from different species to predict which comes from a more thermophilic organism, with accuracy ranging from 0.538 to 0.992. The second uses the complete set of tRNAs in a species to predict optimal growth temperature, achieving a maximum ${r^2}$ of 0.86; comparable with other prediction accuracies in the literature despite a significant reduction in the quantity of input data. This model improves on previous OGT prediction models by providing a model with minimum input data requirements, removing laborious feature extraction and data preprocessing steps and widening the scope of valid downstream analyses.

Elevation of the Heat Resistance of Vegetative Cells and Spores of Clostridium perfringens Type A by Sublethal Heat Shock

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA L. HEREDIA ◽  
GERARDO A. GARCÍA ◽  
RAMIRO LUÉVANOS ◽  
RONALD G. LABBÉ ◽  
J. SANTOS GARCÍA-ALVARADO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of

The degree of heat resistance conferred on Clostridium perfringens by a heat shock, the kinetics of this development, and its duration were determined. A sublethal heat shock at 55°C for 30 min increased the heat tolerance of vegetative cells at least two- to threefold. The acquired tolerance was maintained for 2 h after the heat shock treatment. Heat shock applied for the first hour of incubation produced spores more tolerant to heat than the spores of the control. Acquired thermotolerance is of importance in the case of this organism because of its inherently high optimal growth temperature.

Quantitative and Physiological Analyses of Chloride Dependence of Growth of Halobacillus halophilus

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3813-3817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Roeßler ◽  
Volker Müller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Chloride Uptake ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Energy Dependent

ABSTRACT A quantitative analysis of the Cl− dependence of growth of Halobacillus halophilus was performed. Optimal growth rates were obtained at Cl− concentrations of between 0.5 and 2.0 M, and the final yield was also strictly dependent on the Cl− concentration. Br− but not I−, SO4 2−, NO2 −, SO2 −, OCN−, SCN−, BO2 −, or BrO3 − could substitute for Cl−. To analyze the function of chloride, chloride concentration was determined. At low external Cl− (Cle −) concentrations, the growth rate was low and Cl− was excluded from the cytoplasm; increasing the Cle −concentration led to an increase in the growth rate and an energy-dependent uptake of Cl−, thus decreasing the Cle −/internal Cli − gradient from ≥10 at 0.1 M Cle − to a nearly constant value of 2 at Cle − concentrations which allowed optimal growth. Two membrane proteins with apparent molecular masses of 31 and 16 kDa which were identified to be specific for Cl−-grown cultures are possible candidates for a chloride uptake system.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Ancestral 16S rRNA Reveals Mutation Bias in the Evolution of Optimal Growth Temperature in the Thermotogae Phylum

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2463-2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna G. Green ◽  
Kristen S. Swithers ◽  
Jan F. Gogarten ◽  
Johann Peter Gogarten
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Mutation Bias
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