Experimental determination of the sources of otolith carbon and associated isotopic fractionation

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T Solomon ◽  
Peter K Weber ◽  
Joseph J Cech, Jr. ◽  
B Lynn Ingram ◽  
Mark E Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Isotopic Enrichment ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Blood Relative

Otolith stable carbon isotope ratios provide a unique and widely applicable environmental record. Unfortunately, uncertainty regarding the proportion of otolith carbon that derives from metabolized food versus dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the water currently limits utilization of this marker. We manipulated the δ13C of food and ambient DIC in a factorial design with juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). At the activity levels and total metabolic rates characteristic of fish in this study, 17% (±3% standard error, SE) of otolith C was metabolically derived, while >80% was derived from DIC in ambient water. We also estimated isotopic enrichment factors associated with physiological carbon transformations by measuring δ13C of blood and endolymph (which closely tracked otolith δ13C). There was substantial depletion in 13C of blood relative to C sources (εblood–sources = –16.9‰ ± 1.1‰ SE), but substantial enrichment in 13C in otolith relative to blood (εoto–blood = 13.3‰ ± 1.3‰ SE). Net isotopic enrichment between sources and the otolith was therefore slightly negative. Most of the isotopic enrichment between the blood and the otolith was associated with the movement of C from blood to endolymph, while enrichment associated with the precipitation of otolith aragonite from the endolymph was small.

scholarly journals Compound-Specific Isotopic Fractionation Patterns Suggest Different Carbon Metabolisms among Chloroflexus-Like Bacteria in Hot-Spring Microbial Mats

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6000-6006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel T. J. van der Meer ◽  
Stefan Schouten ◽  
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté ◽  
Jan W. de Leeuw ◽  
David M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Stable Carbon

ABSTRACT Stable carbon isotope fractionations between dissolved inorganic carbon and lipid biomarkers suggest photoautotrophy by Chloroflexus-like organisms in sulfidic and nonsulfidic Yellowstone hot springs. Where co-occurring, cyanobacteria appear to cross-feed Chloroflexus-like organisms supporting photoheterotrophy as well, although the relatively small 13C fractionation associated with cyanobacterial sugar biosynthesis may sometimes obscure this process.

Evaluation of reagentless pH modification for in situ ocean analysis: determination of dissolved inorganic carbon using mass spectrometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres M. Cardenas-Valencia ◽  
Lori R. Adornato ◽  
Ryan J. Bell ◽  
Robert H. Byrne ◽  
R. Timothy Short
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Analysis Determination

A Syringe Gas-Stripping Procedure for Gas-Chromatographic Determination of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon in Fresh Water and Carbonates in Sediments

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1441-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Stainton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Gas Stripping ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

A simple, rapid method for determining dissolved inorganic carbon in water is described. A 20-cm3 sample of water is drawn into a 50-cm3 polypropylene syringe and acidified by injection of 1 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid. Twenty-nine cubic centimeters of helium at atmospheric pressure is injected into the syringe followed by 10 sec of manual agitation to partition CO2 between gas and liquid phase. The gas phase containing 60% of CO2 from the sample is then analyzed by gas chromatography. This method has been used to determine dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in Canadian Shield waters and to determine total carbonates in sediments.

scholarly journals Evaluating Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Cycling in a Forested Lake Watershed Using Carbon Isotopes

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Aravena ◽  
S. L. Schiff ◽  
S. E. Trumbore ◽  
P. J. Dillon ◽  
Richard Elgood
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Isotope Pattern ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the main acid buffer in forested lake watersheds in Canada. We used carbon isotopes (13C, 14C) to evaluate the production and cycling of DIC in an acid-sensitive lake watershed of the Precambrian Shield. Soil CO2, groundwater and stream DIC were characterized chemically and isotopically. Soil CO2 concentration profiles reflect both changes in production and in losses due to diffusion. δ13C soil CO2 profiles (δ13C values of −23‰ in summer, slightly enriched during the fall and −25%‰ during the winter) are a reflection of the isotopic composition of the sources and changes in isotopic fractionation due to diffusion. Carbon isotopic composition (13C, 14C) of the groundwater and stream DIC clearly indicate that weathering of silicates by soil CO2 is the main source of DIC in these watersheds. 14C data show that, in addition to recent groundwater, an older groundwater component with depleted 14C activity is also present in the bedrock. The carbon isotope pattern in the groundwater also implies that, besides the main springtime recharge events, contributions to the groundwater may also occur during late winter/early spring.

High Precision 14C Analysis in Small Seawater Samples

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Casacuberta ◽  
Maxi Castrillejo ◽  
Anne-Marie Wefing ◽  
Silvia Bollhalder ◽  
Lukas Wacker
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Beam Physics ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Labview Program ◽  
Seawater Samples

ABSTRACTA new method to extract CO2 in seawater samples for the determination of F14C has been developed in the Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics at ETH Zurich. The setup consists of an automated sampler designed to extract dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from 7 samples in a row, by flushing the seawater with He gas to extract CO2. The fully automated method is controlled via a LabVIEW program that runs through all consecutive steps: catalyst preconditioning, CO2 extraction, CO2 trapping, thermal CO2 release from the trap into the reactor and finally the graphitization reaction which is performed simultaneously in the 7 reactors. The method was optimized by introducing a Cu-Ag furnace that was placed between the water and zeolite traps, which resulted in a better and faster graphitization performance (<2 hr) compared to previously used techniques. The method showed to be reproducible with an unprecedented precision of 1.7‰ even though consuming only 50–60 mL of seawater. The high throughput of 21 samples per day allows for coverage of future oceanographic transects with high spatial resolution, thus fostering the use of radiocarbon (14C) as water mass tracer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document